Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and risk of microvascular complications among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study.

Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with macrovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and stroke. However, the effects of CHIP on microvascular complication have not been evaluated in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study included 20,712 T2D participants without prevalent diabetic microvascular complication (DMCs) and hematologic malignancy at baseline.

Somatic copy number deletion of chromosome 22q in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Deletion of the long q arm of chromosome 22 (22qDEL) is the most frequently identified recurrent somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Since its role in PTC is not fully understood, we conducted a pooled analysis of genomic characteristics and clinical correlates in 1094 primary tumors from four published PTC genomic studies. The majority of PTC with 22qDEL exhibited arm-level loss of heterozygosity (86%); nearly all PTC with 22qDEL had losses in 22q12 and 13, which together constitute 70% of the q arm.

Clinical presentation and management challenges of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome associated with an SGPL1 variant: a case report.

Background: This case report describes a unique presentation of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) caused by a rare SGPL1 variant, highlighting the diagnostic and management challenges associated with this condition.

Case Presentation: A 2-year-old Iranian female presented with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (NS), primary adrenal insufficiency (AI), growth delay, seizures, and hyperpigmentation. Laboratory evaluation revealed hypoalbuminemia, significant proteinuria, hyperkalemia, and elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels.

NF-κB pathway and angiogenesis: insights into colorectal cancer development and therapeutic targets.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently ranked as the third most common type of cancer, contributing significantly to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Epigenetic and genetic changes occurred during CRC progression resulted in the cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and invasion. Angiogenesis is one of the crucial steps during cancer progression required for the delivery of essential nutrients to cancer cells and removes metabolic waste.

Thyroid doses for the Chornobyl Tissue Bank: improved estimates based on revised methodology and individual residence and diet history.

Increased thyroid cancer incidence has been one of the principal adverse health effects of the Chornobyl (Chernobyl) nuclear power plant accident. Accurate dose estimation is critical for assessing the radiation dose-response relationship. Current dosimetry estimates for individuals from the Chornobyl Tissue Bank (CTB) are based only on the limited information on their places of residence at the time of the accident and/or at the time of surgery for thyroid cancer.

BRAF Mutation Analysis in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Fixed Slide Specimens in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent type of thyroid cancer. The BRAF mutation is associated with tumor progression. We explored the utility of the BRAF molecular testing on fine needle aspiration fixed specimens of patients with confirmed diagnoses of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Bacteroides Fragilis Exacerbates T2D Vascular Calcification by Secreting Extracellular Vesicles to Induce M2 Macrophages.

Vascular calcification (VC) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) poses a serious threat to the life and health of patients. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear, resulting in a lack of effective treatment for the root cause. It is found that both intestinal Bacteroides fragilis (BF) and peripheral M2 monocytes/macrophages are significantly elevated in patients with T2D VC.

Modification macrophage to foam cells in atherosclerosis disease: some factors stimulate or inhibit this process.

Background: Atherosclerosis is an arterial blood vessel disease that begins and progresses by turning macrophages into foam cells. Uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), cholesterol esterification and cholesterol efflux are the most important factors in the formation of foam cells and play an important role in atherosclerosis.

Methods: The present study is based on the data obtained from the PubMed database (1961-2024) using the MeSH search terms "Atherosclerosis", "Macrophages" and "Foam cells".

Acceptance-Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccination and Factors Affecting It in Adults: Systematic Review Study.

Background: Despite the advent of vaccines against COVID-19, there is considerable variation in the acceptance and hesitancy towards the vaccination program across different countries. The objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of hesitancy and acceptance regarding the use of the vaccine against the novel coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, and to identify the factors that influence these attitudes.

Materials And Methods: All the cross-sectional studies were retrieved from the PubMed databases, the Web of Science ISI, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library.

Importance of LINC00852/miR-145-5p in breast cancer: a bioinformatics and experimental study.

Purpose: We aimed to examine the importance of an lncRNA, namely LINC00852, in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: In the current study, we used several online tools to examine the importance of LINC00852 in breast cancer. Then, we examined these findings in 50 pairs of breast cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous ones.

Developing guidelines for ethical response to infectious disease outbreaks in Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background: Ethical considerations are important in pandemic preparedness and response, however, there is a noticeable scarcity of ethical codes that are tailored to disease outbreaks and health emergencies.

Aim: To document the development of guidelines for ethical management of infectious disease outbreaks in Islamic Republic of Iran, as a model for low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: We conducted a non-systematic scoping review on PubMed and Google Scholar for drafting the guidelines for ethical management of infectious disease outbreaks in Islamic Republic of Iran.

Impact of Smoking on MicroRNAs in Significant Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: Given the importance of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the range of cardiovascular disease phenotypes in smokers, as well as the potential genetic and epigenetic factors, we were motivated to explore the impact of smoking on some selected microRNAs associated with significant CAD.

Methods: A total of 60 individuals were selected in four groups including non-smoker without significant CAD (S-A-), non-smokers with significant CAD (S-A+), smokers without significant CAD (S+A-) and smokers with significant CAD (S+A+). Micro-RNA expression was investigated using real-time PCR.

Adequate sleep duration accentuates the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor variant on HbA1c: A gene-environment interaction study.

Background: Both glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists and lifestyle modifications are widely adopted in managing glycemia. However, the joint effects of GLP1R agonists with lifestyle on glycemic traits have not been evaluated.

Methods: This gene-environment study tested the interaction between GLP1R-rs10305492 variant, consistent with the effect of GLP1R agonist therapies, and four lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, sleep duration, and chronotype) for glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among 263,846 UK Biobank participants.

Gut microbiota composition and type 2 diabetes: Are these subjects linked Together?

Purpose: Evidence suggests that changes in the composition of gut microbiota may be linked to metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present study aims to evaluate the compositional changes of the intestinal microbiota in patients with T2D as compared to healthy individuals.

Methods: In this case-control study, there were 18 T2D patients and 18 healthy individuals who served as controls.

Optimal risk thresholds for prescribing statins as primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Iranian general population: a benefit-harm modelling study.

Purpose: The use of statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is associated with various beneficial outcomes, alongside certain undesirable effects. This study aims to determine optimal risk thresholds above which statin therapy yields a net benefit, considering both the positive effects and potential adverse effects, as well as their probabilities and patient preferences.

Methods: Quantitative benefit-harm balance modeling was applied to the Iranian general population aged 40 to 75 years with no history of CVD.

Treatment response and clinical features of snakebite envenomation in Alborz province, Iran: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Snakebite envenomation is a significant yet neglected public health burden. Our aim was to investigate the clinical and demographic factors of snakebite envenomation, as well as the factors associated with its severity and response to treatment, in Alborz province, northern Iran.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 50 patients diagnosed with snakebite envenomation, referring to the Poison Control Centre of Alborz University of Medical Sciences.

Trend analysis, gender-specific patterns, and age dynamics of childhood and adolescent obesity: insights from the Tehran lipid and glucose study.

Background: Childhood and adolescent obesity pose significant challenges to global health, with escalating prevalence and associated short- and long-term health consequences. This longitudinal study leveraged data from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) to investigate the trends of obesity among Tehranian children and adolescents over a 21-year period.

Methods: Utilizing data from TLGS phases I to VII (1999-2021), we included 3845 participants aged 3-18 years at the beginning of phase I.