Patient-level performance evaluation of a smartphone-based malaria diagnostic application.

Background: Microscopic examination is commonly used for malaria diagnosis in the field. However, the lack of well-trained microscopists in malaria-endemic areas impacted the most by the disease is a severe problem. Besides, the examination process is time-consuming and prone to human error.

Global and regional governance of One Health and implications for global health security.

The apparent failure of global health security to prevent or prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for closer cooperation between human, animal (domestic and wildlife), and environmental health sectors. However, the many institutions, processes, regulatory frameworks, and legal instruments with direct and indirect roles in the global governance of One Health have led to a fragmented, global, multilateral health security architecture. We explore four challenges: first, the sectoral, professional, and institutional silos and tensions existing between human, animal, and environmental health; second, the challenge that the international legal system, state sovereignty, and existing legal instruments pose for the governance of One Health; third, the power dynamics and asymmetry in power between countries represented in multilateral institutions and their impact on priority setting; and finally, the current financing mechanisms that predominantly focus on response to crises, and the chronic underinvestment for epidemic and emergency prevention, mitigation, and preparedness activities.

Calcitriol Suppressed Isoproterenol-induced Proliferation of Cardiac Fibroblasts via Integrin β3/FAK/Akt Pathway.

Objective: Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition are important features of cardiac fibrosis. Various studies have indicated that vitamin D displays an anti-fibrotic property in chronic heart diseases. This study explored the role of vitamin D in the growth of CFs via an integrin signaling pathway.

Active circulation of varicella zoster virus among different age groups in Sudan.

In Sudan, data on varicella infections are lacking and the vaccine is currently not in use. The aim of this study was to investigate previous exposure to varicella zoster virus (VZV) among children and adults from the general population and among health-care workers (HCWs) in Khartoum. Dried blood spot samples collected between 2015 and 2016 from 294 children aged 1‒15 years, 153 adult volunteers and 241 HCWs were investigated for the presence of VZV IgG antibodies using ELISA.

[Expression and Regulatory Mechanism of Autophagy-related Genes in Synovial Tissues of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis].

Objective To investigate the expression regulation of autophagy-related genes(ATG)and the mechanism of autophagy in rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods The differentially expressed genes(DEG)of RA were identified from GSE55235 and GSE55457,on the basis of which the differentially expressed autophagy-related genes(DE-ATG)were selected from the Human Autophagy Database.STRING 11.

Alloferon and Zanamivir Show Effective Antiviral Activity against Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Infection In Vitro and In Vivo.

The use of vaccines is the most effective and reliable method for the prevention of viral infections. However, research on evaluation of effective therapeutic agents for use in treatment after infection is necessary. Zanamivir was administered through inhalation for treatment of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 in 2009.

Anopheles stephensi in Africa: vector control opportunities for cobreeding An. stephensi and Aedes arbovirus vectors.

Anopheles stephensi is an urban malaria vector native in some Asian countries and recently emerged in Africa as an invasive vector competent in transmitting Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. The coexistence of An.

Expression of mA Methylation Regulator in Osteoarthritis and Its Prognostic Markers.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disorder, in which genetic factors are strongly associated with its development. However, the pathogenesis of OA is still unclear, and recently it has been observed that epigenetic modifications are also involved in the pathogenesis of OA. This study aims to study the potential role of mA-related genes in the occurrence and development of OA.

Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of (Acari: Ixodidae).

is referred to as an obligatory blood-sucking ectoparasite that is capable to infest both humans and animals. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of was sequenced and analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. With a size of 14,520 bp, the entire mitogenome contains 37 genes including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 3 control regions (D-loops).

Molecular characterization and genotyping of hepatitis C virus from Sudanese end-stage renal disease patients on haemodialysis.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global public health problem, with ~ 11 million people in Africa infected. There is incomplete information on HCV in Sudan, particularly in haemodialysis patients, who have a higher prevalence compared to the general population. Thus, our objectives were to genotype and molecularly characterize HCV isolated from end-stage renal disease haemodialysis patients.

Diagnostics to support mycetoma management-Development of two target product profiles.

Objective: Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease caused by more than 70 different microorganisms and identified by the WHO as one of the high-priority diseases for developing diagnostic tests. To ensure the production of diagnostic assays for use by clinical staff in endemic regions, target product profiles (TPPs) were designed.

Methods: We describe the development of two TPPs: one for a diagnostic test able to identify the causative agent of mycetoma and another that would determine when treatment could be stopped.

The Spike Protein of SARS-coV2 19B (S) Clade Mirrors Critical Features of Viral Adaptation and Coevolution.

Pathogens including viruses evolve in tandem with diversity in their animal and human hosts. For , the focus is generally for understanding such coevolution on the virus spike protein, since it demonstrates high mutation rates compared to other genome regions, particularly in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Viral sequences of the 19B (S) clade and variants of concern from different continents were investigated, with a focus on the A.

Staphylococcus aureus causing primary foot botryomycosis mimicking actinomycetoma: a case report from Sudan.

Objectives: Botryomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of bacterial origin. Two forms of the disease exist; the cutaneous and the visceral form. The subcutaneous form mimics actinomycetoma clinically and histologically; however, the treatment is different.

The First Molecular Detection of in Sudan Associates with Increased Outbreaks of Chikungunya and Dengue.

As part of our surveys of the invasive malaria vector in four Sudanese states, including North and South Kordofan, Sennar, and White Nile, we collected 166 larvae. Our morphological identification confirmed that 30% of the collected mosquito samples were species, namely and , while the 117 specimens were (39%), (32%), (9%), (9%), (6%), (3%), and (3%). Considering the serious threat of emergence for the public health in the area and our limited resources, we prioritized samples for further genomic analysis.

Development and validation of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of the antileishmanial drug paromomycin in human skin tissue.

Bioanalytical assay development and validation procedures were performed to quantify antiprotozoal drug paromomycin in human skin tissue by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Paromomycin, an aminoglycoside drug, is administered intra-muscularly and used in the treatment of multiple clinical presentations of the neglected tropical disease leishmaniasis. It is currently studied in the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, a disease where the Leishmania parasites divide and reside in the skin.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Human and Animal Plague in Yunnan Province, China, 1950 to 2020.

This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of 3,464 human plague cases and the distribution pattern of 4,968 Yersinia pestis isolates from humans, hosts, and vector insects from 1950 to 2020 among two natural plague foci in Yunnan Province, China. These foci include the Rattus flavipectus plague focus of the Yunnan, Guangdong, and Fujian provinces and the Apodemus chevrieriEothenomys miletus plague focus of the highlands of northwestern Yunnan Province. The case fatality rate for plague in humans was 18.

Investigation of chigger mites on small mammals in Ruili, Yunnan Province, China.

Chigger mites are arthropods and are the sole vectors of scrub typhus, and rodents as well as other small mammals are the most common hosts of chigger mite larvae. Therefore, it is of great medical significance to study the ecology of chigger mites. In this study, a detailed analysis of chigger mites was conducted based on field survey data.

Mycobacterium potentiates protection from colorectal cancer by gut microbial alterations.

Not only are many Mycobacteria pathogens, but they can act as strong non-specific immunopotentiators, generating beneficial effects on the pathogenesis of some diseases. However, there has been no direct evidence of the effect of mycobacterial species on colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, we showed that there may be a meaningful inverse correlation between the incidence of tuberculosis and CRC based on global statistics and that heat-killed Mycobacterial tuberculosis and live Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin strain) could ameliorate CRC development.

Paromomycin and Miltefosine Combination as an Alternative to Treat Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicountry Trial.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether paromomycin plus miltefosine (PM/MF) is noninferior to sodium stibogluconate plus paromomycin (SSG/PM) for treatment of primary visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Africa.

Methods: An open-label, phase 3, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in adult and pediatric patients at 7 sites in eastern Africa. Patients were randomly assigned to either 20 mg/kg paromomycin plus allometric dose of miltefosine (14 days), or 20 mg/kg sodium stibogluconate plus 15 mg/kg paromomycin (17 days).

The Promotion and Development of One Health at Swiss TPH and Its Greater Potential.

One Health, an integrated health concept, is now an integral part of health research and development. One Health overlaps with other integrated approaches to health such as EcoHealth or Planetary Health, which not only consider the patient or population groups but include them in the social-ecological context. One Health has gained the widest foothold politically, institutionally, and in operational implementation.