[Spatial - temporal clustering analysis of schistosomiasis transmission risk in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015].

Objective: To explore the spatial-temporal clustering distribution of schistosomiasis transmission risk in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015, so as to provide scientific evidence for the future schistosomiasis control and consolidation of the control achievements.

Methods: All data pertaining to endemic situation of human and bovine schistosomiasis and snail survey at a township level in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015 were collected. A descriptive epidemiological method and Joinpoint model were used to describe the changing trends of infections in humans, bovine and snails, and the hotspots and clusters of schistosomiasis transmission risk were identified using spatial autocorrelation analysis, hotspots analysis and retrospective space-time scan statistic in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2015.

[Main challenges and strategy of schistosomiasis control in mountainous and hilly regions of China].

This review describes the epidemic characteristics and endemic situation of schistosomiasis in mountainous and hilly regions of China, analyzes the main challenges of schistosomiasis control in mountainous and hilly regions and proposes targeted suggestions for the future schistosomiasis control, with aims to accelerate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination in mountainous and hilly regions and facilitate the achievement of the goal set in and in China.

Plasmodium vivax cerebral malaria in an adult patient in Sudan.

Background: Plasmodium vivax infection is rising in sub-Saharan Africa, where Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for more than 90% of malaria cases. While P. vivax is identified as a major cause of severe and cerebral malaria in South east Asia, the Pacific and South America, most of the severe and cerebral cases in Africa were attributed to P.

An Imported Case of Disseminated Echinococcosis in Korea.

A complicated case of echinococcosis with multiple organ involvement is reported in a 53-year-old businessman who frequently traveled overseas, including China, Russia, and Kazakhstan from 2001 to 2007. The patient was first diagnosed with a large liver cyst during a screening abdomen ultrasonography in 2011, but he did not follow up on the lesion afterwards. Six years later, dizziness, dysarthria, and cough developed, and cystic lesions were found in the brain, liver and lungs.

No Association between Estrogen Receptor-Β Rs4986938 and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The association between estrogen receptor-β (ESR2) rs4986938 polymorphism and the risk of various types of cancer have been investigated in previous studies. However, the results remained disputable. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between ESR2 rs4986938 polymorphism and the risk of cancer.

Identifying asymptomatic Leishmania infections in non-endemic villages in Gedaref state, Sudan.

Objectives: Infection with the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) may be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. In this study we aimed at investigating the prevalence of asymptomatic infections of leishmania in non-endemic villages in Gedaref state, Sudan. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted during September and October 2014.

Prevention and control strategies for children Kashin-Beck disease in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To evaluate prevention and control strategies for children with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in China through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: We conducted literature searches of articles indexed in Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Springerlink, Elsevier, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang data until February 2019. Search terms included "Kashin-Beck disease" or "KBD," and "improvement of water" or "change of grain" or "salt-rich selenium" or "comprehensive measures.

JAK3 inhibitor-based immunosuppression in allogeneic islet transplantation in cynomolgus monkeys.

Islet transplantation is efficacious to prevent severe hypoglycemia and glycemic liability of selected patients of type 1 diabetes. However, since calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) causes β-cell and nephrotoxicity, alternative drug(s) with similar potency and safety profile to CNI will be highly desirable. Here we tested whether JAK3 inhibitor, tofacitinib could be used instead of tacrolimus in CIT07 immunosuppression regimen in cynomolgus nonhuman primate (NHP) model.

The Accuracy of Histopathological and Cytopathological Techniques in the Identification of the Mycetoma Causative Agents.

Mycetoma is a devastating neglected tropical disease, caused by various fungal and bacterial pathogens. Correct diagnosis to the species level is mandatory for proper treatment. In endemic areas, various diagnostic tests and techniques are in use to achieve that, and that includes grain culture, surgical biopsy histopathological examination, fine needle aspiration cytological (FNAC) examination and in certain centres molecular diagnosis such as PCR.

Evolution of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance genes following artemisinin combination therapy in Sudan.

Background: Malaria control efforts in Sudan rely heavily on case management. In 2004, health authorities adopted artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. However, some recent surveys have reported ACT failure and a prevalent irrational malaria treatment practice.

Multilocus genotyping and risk factor analysis of Giardia duodenalis in dogs in Korea.

Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. intestinalis, G.

Insights From the Genome Sequence of , a Potential Novel Live Vaccine for Preventing Mycobacterial Infections: The Putative Role of Type VII Secretion Systems for an Intracellular Lifestyle Within Free-Living Environmental Predators.

(Mpg) is a temperature-sensitive species that can grow at permissive temperatures but fails to grow above 37°C. Due to this unique growth trait, Mpg has recently been proposed as a novel live vaccine candidate for the prevention of mycobacterial infections. Furthermore, the increasing frequency of the isolation of Mpg from water supply systems led us to hypothesize that the free-living amoeba system is the natural reservoir of Mpg.

Rare variant in gene causing congenital muscular dystrophy in a Sudanese family. A case report.

Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) are a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by mutations in musculoskeletal proteins. The most common type of CMD in Europe is Merosin-deficient CMD caused by mutations in laminin-α2 protein. Very few studies reported pathogenic variants underlying these disorders especially from Africa.

Galectin-4 Interaction with CD14 Triggers the Differentiation of Monocytes into Macrophage-like Cells via the MAPK Signaling Pathway.

Galectin-4 (Gal-4) is a β-galactoside-binding protein mostly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Although intensive functional studies have been done for other galectin isoforms, the immunoregulatory function of Gal-4 still remains ambiguous. Here, we demonstrated that Gal-4 could bind to CD14 on monocytes and induce their differentiation into macrophage-like cells through the MAPK signaling pathway.

Diagnostic predictive values of the Hain genotype MTBDRsl assay in mycobacterial strains isolated from Sudan.

Introduction: hain GenoType MTBDRsl is nucleic acid amplification assay based on reverse hybridization with specific oligonucleotide probes on nitrocellulose strips. MTBDRsl identifies complex and detects resistance to fluoroquinolone, second line injectable drugs and ethambutol evident as mutations of genes respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Hain GenoType MTBDRsl Assay using 1% proportion method on LJ medium as gold standard.

Differential gene expression in articular cartilage between rheumatoid arthritis and endemic Kashin-Beck disease.

Kashin-beck disease (KBD) is endemic chronic osteoarthrosis and its pathogenesis is still unclear. The present study aimed to explore differential gene expression in articular cartilage between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and KBD. Articular cartilages were collected from KBD and RA patients, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by RNA-seq.

Granular cell tumor of the gallbladder: case report and review of the literature.

Background: Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare benign tumors, which originate in the tongue, ovary, oropharynx, GIT and respiratory tract. Biliary GCTs are rarities. Clinical presentations depend on tumor site.

Distribution of Duffy Phenotypes among Infections in Sudan.

Negative Duffy expression on the surface of human red blood cells was believed to be a barrier for infection in most Africans. However, has been demonstrated to infect Duffy-negative individuals in several Central and East African countries. In this study, we investigated the distribution of Duffy blood group phenotypes with regard to infection and parasitemia in Sudan.

Peri-graft porcine-specific CD4 FoxP3 regulatory T cells by CD40-CD154 blockade prevented the rejection of porcine islet graft in diabetic mice.

Background: Anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment has been known to have potential to induce immune tolerance in organ transplantation. Several studies have suggested the involvement of CD4 regulatory T cells (T s) in xeno-immune tolerance. However, the characteristics of T s and the mechanisms of their regulatory functions in islet xenotransplantation have not been clearly defined.

High mobility group box 1 secretion blockade results in the reduction of early pancreatic islet graft loss.

Pancreatic islet transplantation has been known as the best cure for patients suffering from severe type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Despite meaningful advances in human allogeneic islet transplantation field, significant amounts of islet loss in early post-transplantation periods is still a big concern for clinicians. One of the major factors determining the fate of the islets is the danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) secreted by activated immune cells or islets themselves under hypoxic stress.

The efficacy of an alternative mebendazole formulation in mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis.

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of a new formulation of MBZ oily suspension (MBZ-OS) in experimentally Echinococcus multilocularis-infected mice. MBZ-OS was prepared and administered to mice infected with E. multilocularis at 12.

Absence of K13 gene mutations among artesunate/sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment failures of Sudanese Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Damazin, southeast Sudan.

Background: The emergence of resistant parasites to artemisinin poses a threat to malaria treatment. The study aimed to investigate K13 gene mutations in Plasmodium falciparum artesunate (AS)/sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) efficacy study in Sudan.

Methods: A total of 31 (14 failures and 17 adequate clinical and parasitological response [ACPR]) pretreatment dried blood samples from patients with uncomplicated P.

Efficacy of Long-term Selenium Supplementation in the Treatment of Chronic Keshan Disease with Congestive Heart Failure.

Few effective treatments for chronic Keshan disease have been available till now. The efficacy of long-term selenium supplementation in the treatment of chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure is inconclusive. This study aimed to determine whether selenium supplementation is associated with a decreased risk of cardiac death in chronic Keshan disease with congestive heart failure by ten years of follow-up.

Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Cells Toxicity of a Single 2.0 Gy Cobalt Ionizing Radiation: An Animal Model.

Background: Bone marrow is extremely vulnerable to damage caused by radiation therapy. Hence, bone marrow suppression is an important side effect of radiotherapy. Effective use of radiotherapy is therefore compromised by radiation-related injuries.