The Pentose Phosphate Pathway Dynamics in Cancer and Its Dependency on Intracellular pH.

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is one of the key metabolic pathways occurring in living cells to produce energy and maintain cellular homeostasis. Cancer cells have higher cytoplasmic utilization of glucose (glycolysis), even in the presence of oxygen; this is known as the "Warburg Effect". However, cytoplasmic glucose utilization can also occur in cancer through the PPP.

Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected Astrocytoma Cells Impair the Function of HCMV-specific Cytotoxic T Cells.

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is associated with a poor prognosis and may affect the pathogenesis of GBM. In this study, we investigated the role of HCMV-infected astrocytoma cells in impairing the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific to the HCMV protein.

Methods: CTLs specific to HCMV immediate early (IE)-1 were expanded from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors by stimulating CD8+ T lymphocytes with U373MG cells (ATCC HTB-17: male) expressing HCMV IE-1.

Identification of differentially expressed and methylated genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis based on network.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multi-systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving peripheral joints, and the pathogenesis is not clear. Studies showed that DNA methylation and expression might also be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. This study integrated three expression profile datasets (GSE55235, GSE12021, and GSE55457) and one methylation profile dataset GSE111942 to elucidate the potential essential candidate genes and pathways in RA.

Degenerative joint disease in the temporomandibular joint with fibrous ankylosis in a rhesus macaque ().

Background: Ankylosis in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is known to have various etiologies in veterinary medicine. We observed a case of fibrous ankylosis of the TMJ in a newly imported rhesus monkey ().

Case Presentation: Moderate to severe attrition was found in the middle labial portion of the left maxillary canine.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among Sudanese patients diagnosed with colon polyps and colon cancer using immunohistochemistry technique.

Objectives: Infection with the bacteria Helicobacter pylori has been classified as class one carcinogen associated with increasing susceptibility of gastritis and gastric carcinoma. This study is aiming at investigating the prevalence of H. pylori among colon polyps and colon cancer patients.

Frequency distribution of IL-17A G197A (rs2275913) and IL-17F A7488G (rs763780) polymorphisms among healthy Sudanese population.

Objectives: IL-17A G197A and IL-17F A7488G polymorphisms has been identified to be associated with the susceptibility to many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the frequency distribution of IL-17A G197A and IL-17F A7488G polymorphisms among healthy Sudanese population. A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based molecular study conducted in different sites throughout Sudan.

Status of Editing and Publishing of Scholarly Journals by Academic Societies of Science and Technology in Korea.

Background: The present study analyzed publishing data of scholarly journals which were published in 2018 by academic societies of science and technology in Korea to observe journal editing and publishing status.

Methods: A total of 346 regional journals (59 natural science, 118 engineering, 44 agriculture, fisheries, and oceanography, and 125 medical and pharmacy) and 141 international journals (32 natural science, 43 engineering, 12 agriculture, fisheries, and oceanography, 54 medical and pharmacy) were included in this analysis, which applied the journal review by the Korea Federation of Science and Technology. Websites of the journals and the submitted publication data in 2019 were reviewed.

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside attenuates endothelial cell dysfunction by modulating miR-204-5p/SIRT1-mediated inflammation and apoptosis.

Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a major symptom associated with the initiation of atherosclerosis (AS). Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) has the potentials to attenuate AS symptoms. In the current study, the mechanism driving the effects of C3G on AS rabbits and injured ECs were explored by focusing on the changes in miR-204-5p/SIRT1 axis.

Decreased Expression of Heat Shock Protein 47 Is Associated with T-2 Toxin and Low Selenium-Induced Matrix Degradation in Cartilages of Kashin-Beck Disease.

Recent evidence suggests a role of type II collagen in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) degeneration. We aimed to assess the abnormal expression of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) which is associated with a decrease in type II collagen and an increase in cartilage degradation in KBD. Hand phalange cartilages were collected from KBD and healthy children.

Immunohistochemical expression of interleukin-17 and hormonal receptors in benign and malignant breast lesions.

Objectives: IL17 is a critical pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in inflammation, multidrug resistance and growth persistence pathways in cancer. This study is aiming at studying the expression of IL17 and hormonal receptors expression in benign and malignant breast lesions using immunohistochemical staining methods.

Results: A total of 137 cases of breast lesions were studied, 97 (70.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes suppress proliferation of T cells by inducing cell cycle arrest through p27kip1/Cdk2 signaling.

Mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to suppress T cells. Especially, MSC-cultured media have shown suppressive functions against various immune cells including the T cells. However, the underlying immunosuppressive mechanisms of the MSC-cultured medium are not yet fully understood.

Evaluation of canine teeth crown reduction technique in macaques.

Background: The reduction of canine teeth in adult males in whom permanent canine teeth eruption occurs should be considered due to the safety of humans or other monkeys. The objective of this study was to evaluate the complications of canine teeth reduction in macaques. Case presentation: Canine teeth reductions were performed in 8 rhesus and 2 cynomolgus macaques.

Surveillance-based evidence: elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem in the Peoples' Republic of China.

Background: A steady progress on schistosomiasis control in the Peoples' Republic of China (P.R. China) was achieved and broadened into the twelve-year medium and long term national plan (MLNP) which marled the implementation of an integrated control strategy across all endemic areas in P.

Human rabies in China: evidence-based suggestions for improved case detection and data gathering.

Background: China still suffers heavily from rabies, although reported human cases continue to decrease year over year. There are far fewer laboratory-confirmed human cases than clinically diagnosed cases, which is a big problem that needs to be addressed. In this report, we summarize analyses of all specimens from human cases tested in our laboratory over the past 15 years, in order to promote laboratory diagnosis of rabies.

[Survival analysis of laboratory - bred smooth - shelled snails in Yunnan Province].

Objective: To investigate the survival period of Yunnan Province-derived smooth-shelled snails bred in laboratory.

Methods: snails were sampled from Heqing and Yongsheng counties where schistosomiasis is endemic, and uninfected adult snails were collected and bred in laboratory. The survival period of snails sampled from these two counties was compared.

[Molecular identification of spp. and the parasitized trematode cercariae in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunnan Province].

Objective: To characterize a species of the genus and parasitized trematodes in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunnan Province using a molecular analysis, so as to understand their taxonomic positions.

Methods: spp. and snails were collected from Xiangyun County, Yunnan Province, and cercaria parasitizing snails were observed using crushing followed by microscopy.

Effects of methylation of deiodinase 3 gene on gene expression and severity of Kashin-Beck disease.

Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a complex endemic osteoarthropathy, which mainly occurs in the northeast to southwest China. Iodothyronine deiodinases 3 (DIO3) is one of the selenoproteins, which is closely related to bone metabolism and unclear to KBD. This study aims to investigate the role and associated mechanisms of methylation and expression of DIO3 with disease severity in patients with KBD.

Socioeconomic impacts of elimination of onchocerciasis in Abu-Hamed focus, northern Sudan: lessons after elimination.

Objectives: Onchocerciasis is one of the most devastating neglected tropical diseases and it is mostly prevalent in Africa. The disease has important heavy social and economic burdens on the infected populations including low productivity, unemployment, social isolation, and stigma. A cross-sectional study was implemented using a well-established questionnaire to investigate the socio-economic impacts of Onchocerciasis elimination in Abu-Hamed, River Nile State, Sudan in 2015; 512 participants in ten affected communities were interviewed.

Allogeneic ADSCs Induce the Production of Alloreactive Memory-CD8 T Cells through HLA-ABC Antigens.

We investigated the immunogenicity of allogeneic human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) through the production of alloreactive-CD8 T and -memory CD8 T cells, based on their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression. In surface antigen analysis, ADSCs do not express co-stimulatory molecules, but expresses HLA-ABC, which is further increased by exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as IFN-γ alone. For immunogenicity analysis, allogeneic ADSCs cultured in xenofree medium (XF-ADSCs) were incubated with the recipient immune cells for allogeneic-antigen stimulation.

Association of HLA-DR-DQ alleles, haplotypes, and diplotypes with type 1 diabetes in Saudis.

Aims: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that affects many children worldwide. Genetic factors and environmental triggers play crucial interacting roles in the aetiology. This study aimed to assess the contribution of HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 alleles, haplotypes, and genotypes to the risk of T1D among Saudis.

Molecular and evolutionary analysis of dengue virus serotype 2 isolates from Korean travelers in 2015.

In Korea, dengue infection has been frequently reported in travelers to tropical and subtropical countries. Global warming increases the probability of autochthonous dengue outbreaks in Korea. In this report, the molecular and evolutionary properties of four dengue virus (DENV) type 2 isolates from Korean overseas travelers were examined.

Quantification of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity by spectrophotometry: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale requires treatment with primaquine or tafenoquine to clear dormant liver stages. Either drug can induce haemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, necessitating screening.

Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine against Glycoprotein G of Nipah Using Immunoinformatics Approaches.

Background: Nipah belongs to the genus and the . It is an endemic most commonly found at South Asia and has first emerged in Malaysia in 1998. Bats are found to be the main reservoir for this virus, causing disease in both humans and animals.

Decorin knockdown affects the gene expression profile of adhesion, growth and extracellular matrix metabolism in C-28/I2 chondrocytes.

Decorin is a member of small leucine-rich proteoglycan family, which is involved in multiple biological functions mainly as a structural and signaling molecule, and disturbances in its own metabolism plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthropathy. In this study, we aim to further explore the biological function of decorin and their role in human chondrocyte cell line, C28/I2. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA was applied to down-regulate decorin expression in C28/I2 chondrocytes.