Three-Dimensional Acoustic Turbulence: Weak Versus Strong.

Direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional acoustic turbulence has been performed for both weak and strong regimes. Within the weak turbulence, we demonstrate the existence of the Zakharov-Sagdeev spectrum ∝k^{-3/2} not only for weak dispersion but in the nondispersion (ND) case as well. Such spectra in the k space are accompanied by jets in the form of narrow cones.

AFM Nanoindentation of Stiff Inhomogeneous Layer on Polymeric Substrate.

Analysis of indentation data of heterogeneous material, in particular, layer on an elastic substrate requires information about the contact area that is essential for calculating mechanical properties. The actual shape of the AFM-tip is not described by simple body of revolution. In this work, the indentation of a stiff layer on a hyperelastic substrate by a truncated conical tip is studied using finite element methods.

Wilberforce-like Larmor Magnetic Moment and Spin Precession.

In a Wilberforce pendulum, two mechanical oscillators are coupled: one pertains to the longitudinal (tension) motion and the other to the rotational (twisting) motion. It is shown that the longitudinal magnetic moment of circular currents, and similarly the magnetic moment of a spin-chain, can exhibit a Wilberforce-like vibration. The longitudinal oscillation is related to the Langevin diamagnetism, while the twisting motion is superimposed on the magnetic moment and spin precession.

Formation of directed wide-aperture flows of runaway electrons in air-filled magnetized diodes.

This paper presents the results of research, development, and testing of magnetically insulated air diodes with replaceable graphite and stainless-steel tubular and coaxial cathodes of various configurations capable of generating directed bunches of runaway electrons. At the anode, the bunches have cross sections shaped as circles or rings with an outer diameter of 1-2 cm. The durations of the bunches, which carry currents of a few to tens of amperes, range from tens of picoseconds to 100 ps, and their charges range from tenths of a nanocoulomb to a few nanocoulombs.

A 100 GW, 100 ps solid-state pulsed power system based on semiconductor opening switch generator and magnetic compression lines.

Based on the SOS + MCL approach (SOS-generator with output Semiconductor Opening Switch; MCL-Magnetic Compression Line), a high-power solid-state picosecond system has been developed. The SOS generator forms an initial pulse with a power of 8.5 GW (0.

UV and pulsed electron beam radiation for effective bisphenol A degradation.

The paper presents the results of studying the efficiency of the bisphenol A transformation in water exposed to ultraviolet radiation and a high-energy-pulse-electron beam (e-beam). It has been shown that in both cases, degradation of dissolved bisphenol A occurs, accompanied by an increase in the absorption coefficient in the wavelength region of more than 300 nm. After exposure, products were recorded that fluoresced in the region of more than λ = 400 nm.

The Conversion and Degradation of Sulphaguanidine under UV and Electron Beam Irradiation Using Fluorescence.

The work presents a spectral-luminescent study of the sulfaguanidine transformation in water under a pulsed e-beam and UV irradiation of an UVb-04 bactericidal mercury lamp (from 180 to 275 nm), KrCl (222 nm), XeBr (282 nm) and XeCl (308 nm) excilamps. Fluorescent decay curves have been used in our analysis of the sulfaguanidine decomposition. The conversion of antibiotic under e-beam irradiation for up to 1 min was more than 80%, compared with UV radiation: UVb-04-26%, XeBr - 20%.

Editorial for the Special Issue on Advanced Thin-Films: Design, Fabrication and Applications.

The application scope of basic functional materials can be expanded through the creation of thin films due to the emergence of new unique properties of film materials that differ from their bulk analogues [...

Proton Irradiation on Halide Perovskites: Numerical Calculations.

The results of numerical SRIM and SCAPS calculations for the ionization, displacement and heating of hybrid perovskites under the influence of protons (E = 0.15, 3.0 and 18 MeV) are presented and show that the lowest transfer energy is demonstrated by the MAPbI, FAPbBr and FAPbI compounds, which represent the greatest potential for use as solar cells in space devices.

Effect of Substrates on the Physicochemical Properties of LiLaZrO Films Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition.

Thin film technology of lithium-ion solid electrolytes should be developed for the creation of all-solid-state power sources. Solid electrolytes of the LiLaZrO (LLZ) family are one of the promising membranes for all-solid-state batteries. LLZ films were obtained by electrophoretic deposition on Ti, Ni and steel substrates.

Effect of the Degree of LiPO Vapor Dissociation on the Ionic Conductivity of LiPON Thin Films.

Thin films of solid-state lithium-ion electrolytes show promise for use in small-sized autonomous power sources for micro- and nanoelectronic elements. The high rate of vacuum-plasma synthesis (~0.5 μm/h) of lithium phosphor-oxynitride (LiPON) films with an ionic conductivity of ~2·10 S/cm is achieved through anodic evaporation of LiPO in a low-pressure arc.

Remote Positioning of Spherical Alginate Ferrogels in a Fluid Flow by a Magnetic Field: Experimental and Computer Simulation.

This work belongs to the development of mechanical force-responsive drug delivery systems based on remote stimulation by an external magnetic field at the first stage, assisting the positioning of a ferrogel-based targeted delivery platform in a fluid flow. Magnetically active biopolymer beads were considered a prototype implant for the needs of replacement therapy and regenerative medicine. Spherical calcium alginate ferrogels (FGs)~2.

Hydrogels Based on Polyacrylamide and Calcium Alginate: Thermodynamic Compatibility of Interpenetrating Networks, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties.

The synthesis and physicochemical properties of hydrogels with interpenetrated physical and chemical networks were considered in relation to their prospective application as biomimetic materials in biomedicine and bioengineering. The study was focused on combined hydrogels based on natural polysaccharide-calcium alginate (CaAlg) and a synthetic polymer-polyacrylamide (PAAm). The series of hydrogels with varying proportions among alginate and polyacrylamide have been synthesized, and their water uptake has been characterized depending on their composition.

Nature of Luminescence and Pharmacological Activity of Sulfaguanidine.

Sulfonamides are one of the oldest groups of veterinary chemotherapeutic agents. Physico-chemical properties, the concentration and the nature of the environment are the factors responsible for the distribution of sulfonamides in the living organism. Although these drug compounds have been in use for more than half a century, knowledge about their behavior is still limited.

Performance Enhancement of CeSmO-Supported SOFC by Electrophoretic Formation of Modifying BaCeSmO and CeSmPrO Layers.

The strategy to increase the performance of the single solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a supporting membrane of CeSmO (SDC) electrolyte has been implemented in this study by introducing a thin anode barrier layer of the BaCeSmO + 1 wt% CuO (BCS-CuO) electrolyte and, additionally, a modifying layer of a CeSmPrO (PSDC) electrolyte. The method of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is used to form thin electrolyte layers on a dense supporting membrane. The electrical conductivity of the SDC substrate surface is achieved by the synthesis of a conductive polypyrrole sublayer.

Electrophoretic Deposition and Characterization of Thin-Film Membranes LiLaZrO.

In the presented study, films from tetragonal LiLaZrO were obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) for the first time. To obtain a continuous and homogeneous coating on Ni and Ti substrates, iodine was added to the LiLaZrO suspension. The EPD regime was developed to carry out the stable process of deposition.

Dual-Energy Processing of X-ray Images of Beryl in Muscovite Obtained Using Pulsed X-ray Sources.

This paper presents the development of a method for dual-energy processing of X-ray images using pulsed X-ray sources for the contrast detection of beryl in muscovite mica in 2D X-ray and CT images. These substances have similar chemical properties and are difficult to differentiate when one is against the background of the other using methods based on X-ray absorption. In the experiments, we used three pulsed X-ray sources with different maximum voltages.

Plasma Enhanced High-Rate Deposition of Advanced Film Materials by Metal Reactive Evaporation in Organosilicon Vapors.

Dense homogeneous nanocomposite TiSiCN coatings with a thickness of up to 15 microns and a hardness of up to 42 GPa were obtained by the method of reactive titanium evaporation in a hollow cathode arc discharge in an Ar + CH + N-gas mixture with the addition of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). An analysis of the plasma composition showed that this method allowed for a wide range of changes in the activation degree of all components of the gas mixture, providing a high (up to 20 mA/cm) ion current density. It is possible to widely change the chemical composition, microstructure, deposition rate, and properties of coatings obtained by this method, by changing the pressure, composition, and activation degree of the vapor-gas mixture.

Electronic Structure and Minimal Models for Flat and Corrugated CuO Monolayers: An Ab Initio Study.

CuO atomic thin monolayer (mlCuO) was synthesized recently. Interest in the mlCuO is based on its close relation to CuO2 layers in typical high temperature cuprate superconductors. Here, we present the calculation of the band structure, the density of states and the Fermi surface of the flat mlCuO as well as the corrugated mlCuO within the density functional theory (DFT) in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA).

High-Entropy Materials in SOFC Technology: Theoretical Foundations for Their Creation, Features of Synthesis, and Recent Achievements.

In this review, recent achievements in the application of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and high-entropy oxides (HEOs) in the technology of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are discussed for the first time. The mechanisms of the stabilization of a high-entropy state in such materials, as well as the effect of structural and charge factors on the stability of the resulting homogeneous solid solution are performed. An introduction to the synthesis methods for HEAs and HEOs is given.

Solvent effect on the Spectra of Methylene Green and Methylene Blue.

This investigation focuses on dyes that differ only in the nitro substituent. The NO group leads to a strong hardening of the fluorescence at 298 K. In methylene green (MG) the excitation energy migrates to the system of triplet states.

Dense Electrode Layers-Supported Microtubular Oxygen Pump.

An oxygen pump is an electrochemical device that extracts oxygen from the air and has the potential to be used in medicine. The development and test results of a microtubular solid oxide oxygen pump with CeGdO (GDC) electrolyte are presented. The supporting components of the oxygen pump are symmetrical dense electrode layers made of the LaSrCoFeO (LSCF)-GDC composite.

Biological Impact of γ-FeO Magnetic Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Target Evaporation: Focus on Magnetic Biosensor Applications.

The biological activity of γ-FeO magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), obtained by the laser target evaporation technique, was studied, with a focus on their possible use in biosensor applications. The biological effect of the MNPs was investigated in vitro on the primary cultures of human dermal fibroblasts. The effects of the MNPs contained in culture medium or MNPs already uptaken by cells were evaluated for the cases of the fibroblast's proliferation and secretion of cytokines and collagen.

Exciton Luminescence and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline Cubic YO Films Prepared by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering.

This paper presents a comprehensive study of the energy structure, optical characteristics, and spectral-kinetic parameters of elementary excitations in a high-purity nanocrystalline cubic YO film synthesized by reactive magnetron sputtering. The optical transparency gaps for direct and indirect interband transitions were determined and discussed. The dispersion of the refractive index was established based on the analysis of interference effects.