Co-Atomic Interface Minimizing Charge Transfer Barrier in Polytypic Perovskites for CO Photoreduction.

Heterojunctions, known for their decent separation of photo-generated electrons and holes, are promising for photocatalytic CO reduction. However, a significant obstacle in traditional post-assembled heterojunctions is the high interfacial barrier for charge transfer caused by atomic lattice mismatch at multiphase interfaces. Here, as research prototypes, the study creates a lattice-matched co-atomic interface within CsPbBr-CsPbBr polytypic nanocrystals (113-125 PNs) through the proposed in situ hybrid strategy to elucidate the underlying charge transfer mechanism within this unique interface.

Covalent Grafting of Graphene Quantum Dots onto Stepped TiO-Mediated Electronic Modulation for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

The interaction between electrocatalytic active centers and their support is essential to the electrocatalytic performance, which could regulate the electronic structure of the metal centers but requires precise design. Herein, we report on covalent grafting of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) on stepped TiO as a support to anchoring cobalt phosphide nanoparticles (CoP/GQD/S-TiO) for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The covalent ester bonds between GQDs and TiO endow enlarged anchoring sites to achieve highly dispersed electroactive CoP nanoparticles but, more importantly, provide an efficient electron-transfer pathway from TiO to GQDs which could regulate the electronic structure of CoP.

Isolation and structure of broad SIV-neutralizing antibodies reveal a proximal helical MPER epitope recognized by a rhesus multi-donor class.

The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the HIV-1 envelope is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), and vaccine-elicited MPER-directed antibodies have recently been reported from a human clinical trial. In this study, we sought to identify MPER-directed nAbs in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques. We isolated four lineages of SIV MPER-directed nAbs from two SIV-infected macaques.

Accurate Classification of Human CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD19+ B Cells Isolated from Splenocytes by Cross-Polarized Diffraction Image Pairs.

Diffraction imaging of cells allows rapid phenotyping by the response of intracellular molecules to coherent illumination. However, its ability to distinguish numerous types of human leukocytes remains to be investigated. Here, we show that accurate classification of three lymphocyte subtypes can be achieved with features extracted from cross-polarized diffraction image (p-DI) pairs.

Multi-fold fermionic and bosonic states in topologically non-trivial TiPd.

The topological properties of the A15-type compound TiPd reveal a complex landscape of multi-fold fermionic and bosonic states, as uncovered through calculations within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The electronic band structure shows multi-fold degenerate crossings at the high-symmetry point R near the Fermi level, which evolves into 4-fold and 8-fold degenerate fermionic states upon the introduction of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Likewise, the phononic band structure features multi-fold degenerate bosonic crossings at the same R point.

How amino acids intercalate in CaFe layered double hydroxides: A combined RIXS and NEXAFS study.

Two-dimensional layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are ideal candidates for a large number of (bio)catalytic applications due to their flexible composition and easy to tailor properties. Functionality can be achieved by intercalation of amino acids (as the basic units of peptides and proteins). To gain insight on the functionality, we apply resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to CaFe LDH in its pristine form as well as intercalated with the amino acids proline and cysteine to probe the electronic structure and its changes upon intercalation.

Implementation of simultaneous ultraviolet/visible and x-ray absorption spectroscopy with microfluidics.

X-ray spectroscopies are uniquely poised to describe the geometric and electronic structure of metalloenzyme active sites under a wide variety of sample conditions. UV/Vis (ultraviolet/visible) spectroscopy is a similarly well-established technique that can identify and quantify catalytic intermediates. The work described here reports the first simultaneous collection of full in situ UV/Vis and high-energy resolution fluorescence detected x-ray absorption spectra.

Nanoscale Titanium Oxide Memristive Structures for Neuromorphic Applications: Atomic Force Anodization Techniques, Modeling, Chemical Composition, and Resistive Switching Properties.

This paper presents the results of a study on the formation of nanostructures of electrochemical titanium oxide for neuromorphic applications. Three anodization synthesis techniques were considered to allow the formation of structures with different sizes and productivity: nanodot, lateral, and imprint. The mathematical model allowed us to calculate the processes of oxygen ion transfer to the reaction zone; the growth of the nanostructure due to the oxidation of the titanium film; and the formation of TiO, TiO, and TiO oxides in the volume of the growing nanostructure and the redistribution of oxygen vacancies and conduction channel.

Electrocatalytic and Photocatalytic N Fixation Using Carbon Catalysts.

Carbon catalysts have shown promise as an alternative to the currently available energy-intensive approaches for nitrogen fixation (NF) to urea, NH, or related nitrogenous compounds. The primary challenges for NF are the natural inertia of nitrogenous molecules and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Recently, carbon-based materials have made significant progress due to their tunable electronic structure and ease of defect formation.

Nonlinear Optics in Two-Dimensional Magnetic Materials: Advancements and Opportunities.

Nonlinear optics, a critical branch of modern optics, presents unique potential in the study of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials. These materials, characterized by their ultra-thin geometry, long-range magnetic order, and diverse electronic properties, serve as an exceptional platform for exploring nonlinear optical effects. Under strong light fields, 2D magnetic materials exhibit significant nonlinear optical responses, enabling advancements in novel optoelectronic devices.

The Impact of Carbon on Electronic Structure of N-Doped ZnO Films: Scanning Photoelectron Microscopy Study and DFT Calculations.

A Scanning Photoelectron Microscopy (SPEM) experiment has been applied to ZnO:N films deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) under O-rich conditions and post-growth annealed in oxygen at 800 °C. spatial resolution (130 nm) allows for probing the electronic structure of single column of growth. The samples were cleaved under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions to open atomically clean cross-sectional areas for SPEM experiment.

Enabling High-Voltage and Long Lifespan Sodium Batteries via Single-Crystal Layer-Structured Oxide Cathode Material.

Manganese-based layer-structured transition metal oxides are considered promising cathode materials for future sodium batteries owing to their high energy density potential and industrial feasibility. The grain-related anisotropy and electrode/electrolyte side reactions, however, constrain their energy density and cycling lifespan, particularly at high voltages. Large-sized single-crystal O3-typed Na[NiMnCuTi]O was thus designed and successfully synthesized toward high-voltage and long-lifespan sodium batteries.

The Role of Long-Range Interactions Between High-Entropy Single-Atoms in Catalyzing Sulfur Conversion Reactions.

Sulfur conversion reactions are the foundation of lithium-sulfur batteries but usually possess sluggish kinetics during practical battery operation. Herein, a high-entropy single-atom catalyst (HESAC) is synthesized for this process. In contrast to conventional dual-atom catalysts that form metal-metal bonds, the center metal atoms in HESAC are not bonded but exhibit long-range interactions at a sub-nanometer distance (<9 Å).

Spin Canting Promoted Manipulation of Exchange Bias in a Perpendicular Coupled FeGaTe/CrSBr Magnetic van der Waals Heterostructure.

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials have emerged as a promising platform for studying exchange bias (EB) phenomena due to their atomically flat surfaces and highly versatile stacking configurations. Although complex spin configurations between 2D vdW interfaces introduce challenges in understanding their underlying mechanisms, they can offer more possibilities in realizing effective manipulations. In this study, we present a spin-orthogonal arranged 2D FeGaTe (FGaT)/CrSBr vdW heterostructure, realizing the EB effect with the bias field as large as 1730 Oe at 2 K.

Activation and memory of the heatshock response is mediated by Prion-like domains of sensory HSFs in Arabidopsis.

Plants are able to sense and remember heat stress. An initial priming heat stress enables plants to acclimate so that they are able to survive a subsequent higher temperature. The heatshock transcription factors (HSFs) play a crucial role in this process, but the mechanisms by which plants sense heat stress are not well understood.

Trends in conductive MOFs for sensing: A review.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous, ordered arrays formed by coordination bonds between organic ligands and metal ions or clusters. The highly tunable properties of the MOF structure and performance make it possible to meet the needs of many applications. Conductive MOFs are essential in the domain of sensing due to their electrical conductivity, porosity, and catalytic properties, offering an effective platform for detection.

Direct View of Gate-Tunable Miniband Dispersion in Graphene Superlattices Near the Magic Twist Angle.

Superlattices from twisted graphene mono- and bilayer systems give rise to on-demand many-body states such as Mott insulators and unconventional superconductors. These phenomena are ascribed to a combination of flat bands and strong Coulomb interactions. However, a comprehensive understanding is lacking because the low-energy band structure strongly changes when an electric field is applied to vary the electron filling.

Towards a Provider Builder Maturity Model to Empower Clinicians to Actively Participate in Electronic Health Record Design.

Background: Engagement of clinicians who understand clinical workflows and technology constraints can accelerate the development and implementation of better electronic health record (EHR) designs that improve quality and reduce burnout. Provider builder programs can accelerate clinical informatics education for a broader coalition of clinical specialties.

Objective: In this State of the Art / Best Practice paper, we aim to (1) propose a provider builder maturity model informed by the experience of three institutions using a single EHR vendor (Epic Systems©) and (2) describe the program elements and relationships necessary to advance along this model to yield organizational benefits.

Improving the antimicrobial potential of the peptide CIDEM-501 through acylation: A computational approach.

Acylation is a common method used to modify antimicrobial peptides to enhance their effectiveness. It increases the interactions between the peptide and the bacterial cell membranes. However, acylation can also reduce the selectivity of the peptides by making them more active on eukaryotic membranes, which can lead to unintended toxicity.

Elucidating the structure and function of a membrane-active plant protein domain using in silico mutagenesis.

The Solanum tuberosum (common potato) plant specific insert (StPSI) is an antimicrobial protein domain that exhibits membrane-disrupting and membrane-fusing activity upon dimerization at acidic pH, activity proposed to involve electrostatic attraction and membrane anchoring mediated by specific positively-charged and conserved tryptophan residues, respectively. This study is the first to employ an in silico mutagenesis approach to clarify the structure-function relationship of a plant specific insert (PSI), where ten rationally-mutated StPSI variants were investigated using all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics. The tryptophan (W) residue at position 18 (W18) of wild-type StPSI was predicted to confer structural flexibility to the dimer and mediate a partial separation of the assembled monomers upon bilayer contact, while residues including W77 and the lysine (K) residue at position 83 (K83) were predicted to stabilize secondary structure and influence association with the model membrane.

Genomic insights into fibrinogen-related proteins and expression analysis in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.

Fibrinogen-related domain (FReD) containing proteins are an evolutionarily conserved immune gene family characterized by the C-terminal fibrinogen (FBG) and diverse N-terminal domains. To understand the complexity of this family in crustaceans, we performed genome screening and identified 43 full-length FReDs encoding genes in Litopenaeus vannamei. Structural classification analysis revealed these putative FReDs could be divided into six types, including two reported types (LvFReDI and II) and four new types (LvFReDIII-VI).

Biomarker Detection and Therapy of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease using upconversion based approach: A Comprehensive Review.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are debilitating disorders characterized by the progressive and selective loss of function or structure in the brain and spinal cord. Both chronic and acute forms of these diseases are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, as they involve the degeneration of neurons in various brain regions. Misfolding and aggregation of amyloid proteins into oligomer and β-sheet rich fibrils share as common hallmark and lead to neurotoxicity.

Evaluating student understanding of pharmacodynamics core concepts.

Pharmacodynamics is an essential subdiscipline of pharmacology that underpins safe and effective prescribing and therapeutic decision-making, as well as drug discovery and development. The exponential increase in the number of therapeutic drugs has prompted members of the pharmacology educator community to question existing pharmacology curricula focused on individual drugs and move toward a curriculum focused on conceptual understanding. A first step towards conceptual understanding is to establish what students currently know about pharmacodynamic core concepts.

Advancing neurological disorders therapies: Organic nanoparticles as a key to blood-brain barrier penetration.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) by preventing the entry of harmful pathogens from the bloodstream. However, this barrier also presents a significant obstacle when it comes to delivering drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology have paved the way for the creation of a wide range of nanoparticles (NPs) that can serve as carriers for diagnosis and therapy.

GAS41 promotes ITGA4-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and glioma tumorigenesis.

Glioma Amplified Sequence 41 (GAS41) is a chromatin-associated protein that belongs to the YEATS domain family of proteins and is frequently amplified in various tumors. However, its biological function and carcinogenic mechanism in gliomas are not fully understood. In this study, we revealed that GAS41 was upregulated in human glioma tissues and cell lines, and higher expression of GAS41 was significantly associated with poor clinical prognosis.