Global Greening Major Contributed by Climate Change With More Than Two Times Rate Against the History Period During the 21th Century.

Future variations of global vegetation are of paramount importance for the socio-ecological systems. However, up to now, it is still difficult to develop an approach to project the global vegetation considering the spatial heterogeneities from vegetation, climate factors, and models. Therefore, this study first proposes a novel model framework named GGMAOC (grid-by-grid; multi-algorithms; optimal combination) to construct an optimal model using six algorithms (i.

Evolutionary implications of a deep-time perspective on insect pollination.

Plant pollination by insects represents one of the most transformative and iconic ecological relationships in the natural world. Despite tens of thousands of papers, as well as numerous books, on pollination biology published over the past 200 years, most studies focused on the fossil record of pollinating insects have only been published in the last few decades, and this field is still undergoing major developments. Current palaeontological evidence indicates that pollinating insects were diverse and participated in the reproduction of different gymnosperm lineages long before their association with flowering plants (angiosperms).

Effects of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride on bacterial community composition and diversity in peanut soil.

The application of pesticides may have significant impacts on soil environment and communities. In order to understand the deep relationship between the application of chlormequat chloride (CC) and the bacterial community in peanut soil, high-resolution characterization was performed using peanut soil samples (12 points; 0-20 cm rhizosphere soil) from untreated and sprayed with different concentrations of CC. Experimental data showed that with the increase of concentration, operational taxonomic units (OTUs) richness showed a decreasing tendency.

The relationship between growth, anatomical structure, and quality in different parts and stages of edible bamboo shoots of Dendrocalamus latiflorus.

Background: Dendrocalamus latiflorus is widely distributed in southern China and has high ornamental and edible value. The growth dynamics and the associations between growth and the distribution of nutrients or chemical components across various parts and stages of shoot development remain inadequately understood. In this study, tender shoots of D.

Development of convergent adaptations reveal highly conserved early ontogenetic skull shape in fishes with amphibious vision.

The development of skeletal elements in fish is strongly influenced by the functional demands and environmental constraints they face during different life stages but mostly occurs during their larval development. One example of late modifications within the skeletal system is the adaptation of the skull and eye morphology that allows for amphibious vision in the four-eyed fishes Anableps spp. Another species that is equally capable of simultaneous aquatic and aerial vision, Rhinomugil corsula, has been widely neglected in this field of research, although it presents great opportunities for comparative analyses on the evolution of this ability.

Natural history traits influence winners and losers for herpetological communities in disturbed tropical habitats.

Habitat alteration can lead to a few 'winning' species outcompeting many 'losing' species, an effect commonly termed as 'Winner-Loser-Replacements' or WLRs. This can lead to homogenisation of species assemblages at phylogenetic and functional levels. Most previous studies analyse responses of species abundance without considering natural history traits associated with those species.

Description of Cytobacillus Mangrovibacter sp. nov., and Cytobacillus Spartinae sp. nov., Isolated from Mangrove Sediment.

Two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, and motile strains FJAT-53684 and FJAT-54145 were isolated from the mangrove sediment. They optimally grew at pH 8.0 and could tolerate NaCl up to 5% (w/v).

The pan-genome of Spodoptera frugiperda provides new insights into genome evolution and horizontal gene transfer.

Spodoptera frugiperda is a common and severely damaging agricultural pest. In-depth analysis of its population genomics and transcriptomics is crucial for providing references for pest control efforts. This study, focused on the extensive variation in the genome size of S.

Higher temperature sensitivity of forest soil methane oxidation in colder climates.

Forest soils, serving as an important sink for atmospheric methane (CH), modulate the global CH budget. However, the direction and magnitude of the forest soil CH sink under warming remain uncertain, partly because the temperature response of microbial CH oxidation varies substantially across geographical scales. Here, we reveal the spatial variation in the response of forest soil microbial CH oxidation to warming, along with the driving factors, across 84 sites spanning a broad latitudinal gradient in eastern China.

Muscle transcriptome profiles in elite male ultra-endurance athletes acclimated to a high-carbohydrate versus low-carbohydrate diet.

Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets enhance lipid metabolism and decrease reliance on glucose oxidation in athletes, but the associated gene expression patterns remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether coordinated molecular pathways in skeletal muscle may be revealed by differential expression of genes driven by dietary profile, exercise, and/or their interaction. We investigated the skeletal muscle transcriptome in elite ultra-endurance athletes habitually (~ 20 months) consuming a high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HC, n = 10, 33 ± 6y, VO2max = 63.

Role of low-level alternating current and impedance for enhancing microalgae biomass and lipid production.

Microalgae hold significant potential for producing value-added bioproducts in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and biofuel industries, with a global market value estimated at US$ 11.8 billion in 2023. Innovations in culturing systems, such as electric stimulation, aim to enhance growth performance, as it can improve cellular processes, including nutrient uptake and lipid accumulation.

The Salient Aroma Hypothesis: host plant specialization is linked with plant volatile availability in Lepidoptera.

Host plant use in Lepidoptera has been a primary focus in studies of ecological specialization, and multiple factors are likely to be involved in shaping the evolution of diet breadth. Here, we first describe the Salient Aroma Hypothesis, suggesting that the availability of chemical information, particularly host-associated aromas, plays a critical role in shaping dietary specialization. According to the Salient Aroma Hypothesis, herbivores active during periods when chemical information is abundant, particularly during the daytime hours when plant aromas are hypothesized to be more prevalent, are more likely to evolve specialized diets.

Integrative phylogenomics sheds light on the diversity and evolution of fluorescence in coral-dwelling gall crabs.

Fluorescence is a notable adaptation in marine environments, helping to counteract the loss of longer wavelengths as light diminishes with depth. Studied to some extent in cnidarians and reef fish, its presence and functions in crustaceans are less understood. Recently, fluorescence was discovered in gall crabs (Cryptochiridae).

Development and patterning of a highly versatile visual system in spiders.

Visual systems provide a key interface between organisms and their surroundings, and have evolved in many forms to perform diverse functions across the animal kingdom. Spiders exhibit a range of visual abilities and ecologies, the diversity of which is underpinned by a highly versatile, modular visual system architecture. This typically includes eight eyes of two developmentally distinct types, but the number, size, location and function of the eyes can vary dramatically between lineages.

Evolution of resistance and disease tolerance mechanisms to oral bacterial infection in .

Pathogens exert strong selection on hosts that evolve and deploy different defensive strategies, namely minimizing pathogen exposure (avoidance), directly promoting pathogen elimination (resistance) and/or managing the deleterious effects of illness (disease tolerance). However, how the host response partitions across these processes has not been directly tested in a single host-pathogen system, let alone in the context of known adaptive trajectories resulting from experimental evolution. Here, we compare a population adapted to oral infection with its natural pathogen (BactOral), to its control population to find no evidence for behavioural changes but measurable differences in both resistance and disease tolerance.

Using phylogenetic data for island biogeography analyses: The DAISIEprep package.

New methodologies to infer past evolutionary, ecological and biogeographical processes from molecular phylogenies are rapidly being developed. However, these often employ unfamiliar data structures that may pose a barrier to their use. DAISIE (Dynamic Assembly of Islands through Speciation, Immigration and Extinction) is an island biogeography model that can estimate rates of colonisation, speciation and extinction from molecular phylogenetic data across insular assemblages.

Fertilization and intercropping reduce Pb accumulation in plants by influencing rhizosphere soil phosphorus forms in soil-plant systems.

Fertilization and planting practices in crop systems have become important ways to reduce the uptake of heavy metals in polluted soils. However, the relative effectiveness of different management modes and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we conducted experiments to assess how fertilization and planting modes affect the bioavailability of lead (Pb) in soil and its accumulation in plants.

Fractionation, chemometric analysis, and sophisticated risk assessment indices to appraise sediment contamination of a tropical mangrove forests, the Red Sea.

This paper adds a new perspective to Ras Mohamed Protectorate mangrove sediment quality studies in terms of bioavailability, mobility, human and eco-environmental risk of various potential toxic elements (PTEs). Fe > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cd was the order in which the PTE levels declined. Residual fraction controlled the geochemical speciation of all elements.

Relaxin-like gonad-stimulating peptide promotes gamete maturation and spawning in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.

Apostichopus japonicus is a crucial aquaculture species in Asia, and seedling production is fundamental to its cultivation. Nevertheless, the reproductive behavior of this species remains difficult to regulate artificially. Although the spawning mode of sea cucumbers is well documented, the endocrine mechanisms that regulate the synchronized processes of oocyte maturation and spawning behavior remain poorly understood.

Assessing the contribution of Tidal Flats to climate change and carbon neutrality through modeling approaches.

Tidal coastal ecosystems show promising potential as natural carbon sinks in mitigating climate change. Under the combined effect of carbon deposition, capturing, converting, and storing atmospheric CO into coastal sediments over a long period, tidal flats are of great significance to the ecology. In addition to preventing coastal erosion, the organic carbon buried in tidal flats should play an important role in mitigating climate change and achieving the carbon neutrality target.

Surface moieties drive the superior protection of curcumin-derived carbon quantum dots against retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Despite the recognized neuroprotective benefits of curcumin, its clinical utility is constrained by poor bioavailability and high cytotoxicity at effective doses. This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of curcumin-derived carbon quantum dots (Cur-CQDs) for retinal protection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Cur-CQDs were synthesized mild pyrolysis at varying temperatures and assessed for efficacy in rat retinal ganglion cells and a model of retinal IR injury.

Different traits dominate evolution at early and late stages of adaptive radiation.

Adaptive radiation (AR), a process of rapid speciation and ecomorphological diversification, played an important role in generating past and contemporary global biodiversity. An unsolved question is what maintains high rates of speciation during AR, a phenomenon we call "speciation paradox". One possible explanation for resolving this paradox is a sequential trait evolution, i.

Geographic patterns of functional and phylogenetic niche breadth in Holarctic fleas (Siphonaptera).

We studied geographic patterns of functional and phylogenetic niche breadth of 194 flea species. Niche breadth was measured as the functional and phylogenetic diversity and uniqueness of the assemblages of small mammal hosts exploited by these fleas.We asked (a) whether the relationships between niche breadth and geographic range size conform to the 'niche breadth hypothesis', predicting positive correlations, and (b) whether variation of niche breadth along the latitudinal position of geographic range conforms to the 'niche breadth-latitude hypothesis', predicting narrower niche breadth at lower latitudes.

A maternal transcriptome bias in early Arabidopsis embryogenesis.

After fertilization in animals, maternal mRNAs and proteins regulate development until the onset of zygotic transcription. In plants, the extent of maternal regulation of early embryo development has been less clear: two hybrid combinations of rice zygotes had a strong maternal transcript bias, while Arabidopsis Col/Cvi and Col/Ler hybrid embryos displayed symmetric and asymmetric parental genome activation, respectively. Here we explore parent-of-origin transcriptome behavior in the Arabidopsis Col/Tsu hybrid, which was previously shown to display maternal effects for embryo defective mutants indistinguishable from those of the reference ecotype Col.

FIRST REPORT OF TUMORS IN GARDEN DORMICE ().

The garden dormouse is listed as "near threatened" on the IUCN Red List of threatened species. Research on this species concentrates primarily on their hibernating strategies and physiology. However, little is known about infectious entities in this species, even less about neoplastic diseases.