Topical amitriptyline in burning mouth syndrome: A retrospective real-world evidence study.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of topical amitriptyline as a potential route of administration for the management of burning mouth syndrome.

Background: Burning mouth syndrome is a complex, idiopathic, and debilitating orofacial pain disorder that impairs quality of life, with a prevalence of up to 18% in menopausal women. Available drugs to alleviate its burning sensation have inconsistent and limited efficacy.

Expression of survivin in oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus.

Background: Up to one third (3-33%) oral squamous cell carcinomas develop from potentially malignant lesions. Most common potentially malignant lesions (PML) are leukoplakia and lichen planus. It is very important to diagnose PML at early stage to prevent malignant transformation of lesion.

Patterns of heritability across the human diphyodont dental complex: Crown morphology of Australian twins and families.

Objectives: This study generates a series of narrow-sense heritability estimates for crown morphology of the deciduous and permanent dentition with two overarching aims. The first is to test the hypothesis that deciduous teeth provide a more faithful reflection of genetic information than their permanent successors. The second is to use quantitative genetic methods to evaluate assumptions underlying common data collection and analysis practices in biodistance research.

Associations between sensitization to perennial/seasonal allergens and childhood asthma.

Background: Childhood asthma is an important public health problem worldwide. Risk factors for asthma development include allergic sensitization and exposure to animals.

Objective: To identify which (perennial or seasonal) inhalant allergens are associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in children.

Cytokine profiling in exhaled breath condensate after exercise challenge in asthmatic children with post-exercise symptoms.

Introduction: Markers of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) correlate with lung function impairment, airway remodeling and different aspects of the disease such as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Aim of the study was to determine the cytokine profile in EBC of children with asthma after an exercise treadmill challenge in order to obtain clinically useful information about mechanisms of EIB; also, to assess correlations between cytokine concentrations in EBC and clinical characteristics of the patients.

Material And Methods: The study population consisted of 25 randomly selected children, aged 8 to 19 years, with asthma and EIB symptoms despite the use of control medications.

Spirometry-Adjusted Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide Allows Asthma Diagnosis in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.

Background: Recently, it has been proved that fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) results are in disagreement with other measurements of asthma control. The objective of this work is to present and validate new lung function/lung inflammation ratios.

Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study in which we evaluated data from medical documentation of 1,529 pediatric and adolescent subjects and a small number (2% of the studied population) of young adults, who presented symptoms suggestive of asthma (age range 4-24 y).

Total specific airway resistance vs spirometry in asthma evaluation in children in a large real-life population.

Background: Total specific airway resistance (sRtot) has been introduced as an alternative technique to assess lung function with a particular application to younger children with asthma.

Objective: To establish a diagnostic value of the body plethysmographic parameter (sRtot) in asthma diagnosis in young children.

Methods: This was a prospective, noninterventional study.

Salivary gland tumors: a diagnostic dilemma!

Salivary gland tumors generate considerable interest because of their heterogeneous and variable histology, grade of malignancy, and clinical behavior. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is considered the first diagnostic modality for salivary neoplasms due to its ready availability and ease of performance. However it cannot always be relied upon in isolation, and should be used in conjunction with other investigations like incisional biopsy.

Do children with stable asthma benefit from addition of montelukast to inhaled corticosteroids: randomized, placebo controlled trial.

Background: To determine the effects of montelukast added to maintenance inhaled steroids (ICS) therapy during the school year in children with stable asthma on the ICS use, frequency of exacerbations, lung function, asthma symptoms, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB).

Methods: Seventy six asthmatic children aged 6-14 years, allergic to house dust mites were randomized to a double-blinded trial comparing montelukast therapy to a matching placebo. We studied following end-points: the reduction in the ICS dose, the frequency of exacerbations, lung function, asthma control test score, and the change from baseline in FEV1 during a standardized exercise treadmill challenge.

Interrelationship of intelligence quotient with caries and gingivitis.

Background: Intelligence is the property of mind that encompasses many related abilities, such as the capacities to reason, plan, solve the problem, think, comprehend ideas, use languages and to learn. Intellectual level of a person influence the abilities to learn from experience, adapt to new situations, understand and handle abstract concepts, and use knowledge to manipulate one's environment. This abstract thinking helps the child to maintain his/her oral hygiene in a better way.

Predictive value of fractional nitric oxide in asthma diagnosis-subgroup analyses.

Background: There are no studies investigating the benefit of using FeNO measurements in correlation with sensitization to perennial and seasonal allergens in children with asthma.

Objective: To define the group of children with respiratory symptoms in whose FeNO measurement has predictive value for asthma. We assessed the effect of age, allergy profile, atopy, lung function and the presence of allergic rhinitis on interpretation of FeNO levels for clinical applications.

The interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide values in children with asthma depends on the degree of bronchoconstriction and the levels of asthma severity.

Background: The clinical implications of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (F(ENO)) measurements in childhood asthma are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the level of exhaled nitric oxide and pre-bronchodilator FEV1 and the change in FEV1 after bronchodilator in children with asthma.

Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study.

The performance of bonded magnets used in the treatment of anterior open bite.

This investigation examined the magnetic flux and repulsive force of neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) magnets based on Nd2Fe14B with acrylic coatings in different orientations. The flux was measured with a Hall probe and the force measured by electronic scales with the magnets mounted on a laboratory jack. Results show that there were no magnetic losses after embedding the magnets in acrylic bite-blocks, although there were significant flux losses when the magnet blocks were directly heated.

The physical properties and behavior of magnets used in the treatment of anterior open bite.

This investigation examined the magnetic flux and repulsive force of neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) magnets used in repulsion in the treatment of anterior open bite. Three different grades of magnets each of five different dimensions were used. Magnetic flux was measured by a Hall probe and the repulsive force by an Instron mechanical testing machine.

Influence of storage conditions of extracted teeth on dentine removal by a standardised method of filing.

Extracted teeth are often stored in a variety of solutions for different lengths of time prior to use in studies on the efficacy of root canal preparation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of duration (12 h, 1, 4 and 15 weeks) and type of storage medium (Saline, Formal-saline, Sodium Hypochlorite and Dry conditions) on dentine removal by standardised filing. Apparatus was constructed to standardise variables inherent in filing.

Partial glossectomy for the treatment of anterior open bite. A case report.

A 24-year-old Afro-Caribbean with a pronounced anterior open bite and bimaxillary protrusion was successfully treated to a stable result with a partial glossectomy and fixed appliance therapy. Although transient sialorrhea and paraesthesia were experienced post-operatively, speech and function showed some improvement 2 years after treatment.

The ex vivo effect of ligation technique on the static frictional resistance of stainless steel brackets and archwires.

This ex vivo investigation compared the effect of various orthodontic ligation techniques on the static frictional resistance of stainless steel brackets and archwires under both dry and wet conditions. The techniques studied were: elastomeric modules tied conventionally and in a 'figure of 8' pattern, stainless steel ligatures, and Teflon-coated ligatures. The first part of the investigation involved the construction of calibration curves for each of the materials, so an estimate of the normal force exerted by the ligatures could be ascertained.

Ultrastructural finding of vascular degeneration in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP).

The masseter and temporalis muscles were investigated ultrastructurally in 2 patients having fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Results showed atrophy and necrosis of muscle fibres. Both cases contained cartilage which was calcified in the second case and was associated with degenerating chondrocytes.

Mechanisms of stimulus transmission across dentin--a review.

Several investigators have demonstrated that intradental A-type (A beta and A delta) nerve fibers are responsible for the sensitivity of dentin and that the endings of the responding fibers are located in the pulp-dentin area of the tooth. The exact mode of transmission of stimuli (e.g.

Presenting complaints and findings in a group of patients attending a hypodontia clinic.

A survey is presented of the complaints and findings in a group of 451 patients referred to a multidisciplinary clinic for the management of hypodontia. The most common complaints were missing teeth, spacing in the dental arches, and poor appearance. The majority of patients were referred by their dental practitioners, and more than half were over 12 years old when first seen.

Preliminary in vitro investigation of the effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser radiation on enamel and dentine.

Data available on the effects of pulsed near IR laser energy on dental hard tissue are limited. This study investigates the changes in dental hard tissue when exposed to short duration, pulsed IR wavelength laser light emitted from a Neodymium Yttrium Aluminium Garnet laser (Nd:YAG laser, wavelength 1.06 microns).

A study to compare the effects of simulated torquing forces on pre-adjusted orthodontic brackets.

The transmission of torquing forces between three types of preadjusted bracket was investigated. 0.022-inch Roth prescription 'A'-Company (stainless steel), Silkon (reinforced polycarbonate), and Allure III (polycrystalline ceramic) brackets were used.

Repair of glass ionomer cements--methods for conditioning the surface of the cement to achieve bonding.

Two chemically different glass ionomer cements (Ketac Fil and ChemFil II Caps) and three different methods of conditioning the surface for repair were evaluated. Specimens of each material were prepared, aged and sectioned. The cut surfaces were treated with either phosphoric acid, polyacrylic acid or a combination of phosphoric acid followed by polyacrylic acid.

Krypton fluoride excimer laser ablation of tooth tissues: precision tissue machining.

A variety of lasers using different wavelengths have been used to remove dental hard tissue. The infrared lasers produce their effects photothermally whereas ultraviolet excimer lasers remove tissue in a controlled and precise manner by photoablation. This study investigates the use of 248 nm laser radiation in the precision removal of both enamel and dentine using diffraction limited ultraviolet optics.

Zinc phosphate cements: an evaluation of some factors influencing the lactic acid jet test erosion.

The lactic acid jet test was used to measure erosion rates of eight commercial zinc phosphate cements at 23 and 37 degrees C after 24 h and 2 months. Rates exceeded the ISO 9917 published limit of 0.1 mm/h when tested according to this specification (23 degrees C, 24 h), suggesting the limit should be increased.