Impact of transgenic insect-resistant maize HGK60 with Cry1Ah gene on community components and biodiversity of arthropods in the fields.

In recent years, transgenic technology has developed rapidly, but the risk of the environmental release of transgenic organisms is still a key issue. Research on the impact on biodiversity is an effective way to objectively evaluate the risk. By taking transgenic maize HGK60 with insect-resistant gene Cry1Ah and common maize Zheng 58 as control, a 2-year experiment of arthropod community biodiversity in fields of them were studied using three methods.

A functionally divergent SOC1 homolog improves soybean yield and latitudinal adaptation.

Soybean (Glycine max) grows in a wide range of latitudes, but it is extremely sensitive to photoperiod, which reduces its yield and ability to adapt to different environments. Therefore, understanding of the genetic basis of soybean adaptation is of great significance for breeding and improvement. Here, we characterized Tof18 (SOC1a) that conditions early flowering and growth habit under both short-day and long-day conditions.

Comparison of genetically modified insect-resistant maize and non-transgenic maize revealed changes in soil metabolomes but not in rhizosphere bacterial community.

The deliberate introduction of the beneficial gene in crop plants through transgenic technology can provide enormous agricultural and economic benefits. However, the impact of commercialization of these crops on the ecosystem particularly on belowground soil biodiversity is still uncertain. Here, we examined and compared the effects of a non-transgenic maize cultivar and an insect-resistant transgenic maize cultivar genetically engineered with gene from , on the rhizosphere bacterial community using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and soil metabolome profile using UPLC/MS analysis at six different growth stages.

Population genomic analysis reveals domestication of cultivated rye from weedy rye.

Rye (Secale cereale) is an important crop with multiple uses and a valuable genetic resource for wheat breeding. However, due to its complex genome and outcrossing nature, the origin of cultivated rye remains elusive. The geneticist N.

QTL mapping and candidate gene mining of flag leaf size traits in Japonica rice based on linkage mapping and genome-wide association study.

Background: As one of the most important factors of the japonica rice plant, leaf shape affects the photosynthesis and carbohydrate accumulation directly. Mining and using new leaf shape related genes/QTLs can further enrich the theory of molecular breeding and accelerate the breeding process of japonica rice.

Methods: In the present study, 2 RILs and a natural population with 295 japonica rice varieties were used to map QTLs for flag leaf length (FL), flag leaf width (FW) and flag leaf area (FLA) by linkage analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS) throughout 2 years.

BnaC7.ROT3, the causal gene of cqSL-C7, mediates silique length by affecting cell elongation in Brassica napus.

Siliques are a major carbohydrate source of energy for later seed development in rapeseed (Brassica napus). Thus, silique length has received great attention from breeders. We previously detected a novel quantitative trait locus cqSL-C7 that controls silique length in B.

Using Combined Methods of Genetic Mapping and Nanopore-Based Sequencing Technology to Analyze the Insertion Positions of -EPSPS and Transgenes in Maize.

The insertion position of the exogenous fragment sequence in a genetically modified organism (GMO) is important for the safety assessment and labeling of GMOs. SK12-5 is a newly developed transgenic maize line transformed with two trait genes [i.e.

Transcriptome and Metabolome Integrated Analysis of Two Ecotypes of Reveals Candidate Genes Involved in Chlorogenic Acid Accumulation.

plants with different geographical origins contain enormous genetic variability, which causes different composition and content of flavonoids. In this research, integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome were performed in two ecotypes of . There were 5428 different expressed transcripts and 236 differentially accumulated metabolites, phenylpropane and flavonoid biosynthesis were most predominantly enriched.

Advances in Pretreatment of Straw Biomass for Sugar Production.

Straw biomass is an inexpensive, sustainable, and abundant renewable feedstock for the production of valuable chemicals and biofuels, which can surmount the main drawbacks such as greenhouse gas emission and environmental pollution, aroused from the consumption of fossil fuels. It is rich in organic content but is not sufficient for extensive applications because of its natural recalcitrance. Therefore, suitable pretreatment is a prerequisite for the efficient production of fermentable sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis.

A 24,482-bp deletion is associated with increased seed weight in Brassica napus L.

A major QTL for seed weight was fine-mapped in rapeseed, and a 24,482-bp deletion likely mediates the effect through multiple pathways. Exploration of the genes controlling seed weight is critical to the improvement of crop yield and elucidation of the mechanisms underlying seed formation in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).

Genetic dissection of heterosis of indica-japonica by introgression line, recombinant inbred line and their testcross populations.

The successful implementation of heterosis in rice has significantly enhanced rice productivity, but the genetic basis of heterosis in rice remains unclear. To understand the genetic basis of heterosis in rice, main-effect and epistatic quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with heterosis for grain yield-related traits in the four related rice mapping populations derived from Xiushui09 (XS09) (japonica) and IR2061 (indica), were dissected using single nucleotide polymorphism bin maps and replicated phenotyping experiments under two locations. Most mid-parent heterosis of testcross Fs (TCFs) of XS09 background introgression lines (XSILs) with Peiai64S were significantly higher than those of TCFs of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with PA64S at two locations, suggesting that the effects of heterosis was influenced by the proportion of introgression of IR2061's genome into XS09 background.

A plasma membrane transporter coordinates phosphate reallocation and grain filling in cereals.

Phosphate (Pi) is essential to plant growth and crop yield. However, it remains unknown how Pi homeostasis is maintained during cereal grain filling. Here, we identified a rice grain-filling-controlling PHO1-type Pi transporter, OsPHO1;2, through map-based cloning.

Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence of barley exposed to simulated acid rain.

Acid rain is considered one of the most serious plant abiotic stresses. Photosynthesis is the basis of crop growth and development. The effect of acid rain on barley photosynthesis remains unclear.

Interaction between Brassica napus polygalacturonase inhibition proteins and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum polygalacturonase: implications for rapeseed resistance to fungal infection.

BnPGIPs interacted with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum PGs to improve rapeseed SSR resistance at different levels; the BnPGIP-overexpression lines did not affect plant morphology or seed quality traits. Plant polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) play a crucial role in plant defence against phytopathogenic fungi by inhibiting fungal polygalacturonase (PG) activity. We overexpressed BnPGIP2, BnPGIP5, and BnPGIP10 genes in an inbred line 7492 of rapeseed (Brassica napus).

[Impacts of transgenic insect-resistant maize HGK60 with gene on biodiversity of arthropods and weeds in the field].

Transgenic technology has developed rapidly in recent years. The environmental risk of the release of transgenic organisms is still a key issue. Research on the impacts on biodiversity is an effective way to objectively evaluate the risk.

Accurate Detection and Evaluation of the Gene-Editing Frequency in Plants Using Droplet Digital PCR.

Gene-editing techniques are becoming powerful tools for modifying target genes in organisms. Although several methods have been reported that detect mutations at targeted loci induced by the CRISPR/Cas system in different organisms, they are semiquantitative and have difficulty in the detection of mutants in processed food samples containing low initial concentrations of DNA and may not accurately quantify editing frequency, especially at very low frequencies in a complex polyploid plant genome. In this study, we developed a duplexed dPCR-based method for the detection and evaluation of gene-editing frequencies in plants.

Identify QTLs and candidate genes underlying source-, sink-, and grain yield-related traits in rice by integrated analysis of bi-parental and natural populations.

The source-sink relationship determines the ultimate grain yield of rice. In this study, we used a set of reciprocal introgression lines (ILs) derived from Xuishui09 × IR2061 to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that were associated with sink-, source-, and grain yield-related traits. A total of 95 QTLs influencing eight measured traits were identified using 6181 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism markers.

High temperature inhibits the accumulation of storage materials by inducing alternative splicing of OsbZIP58 during filling stage in rice.

High temperature (HT) has an adverse effect on rice grain filling by inhibiting the accumulation of storage materials. However, the regulatory mechanism of this inhibition remains unknown. Here, we report that Opaque2 like transcription factor OsbZIP58 is a key factor regulating storage material accumulation under HT.

Genetic dissection of thousand-seed weight and fine mapping of cqSW.A03-2 via linkage and association analysis in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).

KEY MESSAGE: cqSW.A03-2, one of the six identified quantitative trait loci associated with thousand-seed weight in rapeseed, is mapped to a 61.6-kb region on chromosome A03 and corresponds to the candidate gene BnaA03G37960D.

Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Ethanolic Extract and Its Fractions from Sweet Potato ( L.) Leaves.

Sweet potato ( L.) leaf is a natural source of phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant activity and potential utility as an antioxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the polyphenol composition and antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts and their various solvent-partitioned fractions (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fraction) from sweet potato leaves and petioles.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Olive Germplasm ( L.) With Genotyping-by-Sequencing Technology.

Olive ( L.) is a very important edible oil crop and has been cultivated for about 4,000 years in the Mediterranean area. Due to its nutritional and economic importance, researches on germplasm characterization received extensive attention.