Nonlinear beam tapering and two-dimensional ring solitons.

We examine a possibility to exploit the nonlinear lens effect-the initial stage of self-focusing to localize initially broad field distribution into the small central area where wave collapse is arrested-the nonlinear beam tapering. We describe two-dimensional localized solitary waves (ring solitons) in a physical system that presents a linear medium in the central core, surrounded by the cladding with the focusing Kerr nonlinearity. The standard variational analysis demonstrates that such solitons correspond to the minimum of the Hamiltonian.

Alternative transcription start sites contribute to acute-stress-induced transcriptome response in human skeletal muscle.

Background: More than half of human protein-coding genes have an alternative transcription start site (TSS). We aimed to investigate the contribution of alternative TSSs to the acute-stress-induced transcriptome response in human tissue (skeletal muscle) using the cap analysis of gene expression approach. TSSs were examined at baseline and during recovery after acute stress (a cycling exercise).

[Computer modeling of the area of carotid endarterectomy with patches of various forms].

Objective: To describe geometric models of carotid artery bifurcation and computer modeling of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with patches of various configurations.

Material And Methods: The method was demonstrated on a reconstructed model of intact vessel based on preoperative CT of the affected vessel in a certain patient. Blood flow is modeled by computational fluid dynamics using Doppler ultrasound data.

Cellular effects of terahertz waves.

Significance: An increasing interest in the area of biological effects at exposure of tissues and cells to the terahertz (THz) radiation is driven by a rapid progress in THz biophotonics, observed during the past decades. Despite the attractiveness of THz technology for medical diagnosis and therapy, there is still quite limited knowledge about safe limits of THz exposure. Different modes of THz exposure of tissues and cells, including continuous-wave versus pulsed radiation, various powers, and number and duration of exposure cycles, ought to be systematically studied.

Inverse design of mode-locked fiber laser by particle swarm optimization algorithm.

A wide variety of laser applications, that often require radiation with specific characteristics, and relative flexibility of laser configurations offer a prospect of designing systems with the parameters on demand. The inverse laser design problem is to find the system architecture that provides for the generation of the desired laser output. However, typically, such inverse problems for nonlinear systems are sensitive to the computation of the gradients of a target (fitness) function making direct back propagation approach challenging.

Long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of anterior uncoforaminotomy for unilateral single-level cervical radiculopathy: retrospective cohort study.

Background Context: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is a common procedure for degenerative cervical radiculopathy. In 1996, Dr. H.

Transcriptomic Signatures and Upstream Regulation in Human Skeletal Muscle Adapted to Disuse and Aerobic Exercise.

Inactivity is associated with the development of numerous disorders. Regular aerobic exercise is broadly used as a key intervention to prevent and treat these pathological conditions. In our meta-analysis we aimed to identify and compare (i) the transcriptomic signatures related to disuse, regular and acute aerobic exercise in human skeletal muscle and (ii) the biological effects and transcription factors associated with these transcriptomic changes.

Time-Adaptive Statistical Test for Random Number Generators.

The problem of constructing effective statistical tests for random number generators (RNG) is considered. Currently, there are hundreds of RNG statistical tests that are often combined into so-called batteries, each containing from a dozen to more than one hundred tests. When a battery test is used, it is applied to a sequence generated by the RNG, and the calculation time is determined by the length of the sequence and the number of tests.

Signaling Pathways Potentially Responsible for Foam Cell Formation: Cholesterol Accumulation or Inflammatory Response-What is First?

Accumulation of lipid-laden (foam) cells in the arterial wall is known to be the earliest step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. There is almost no doubt that atherogenic modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are the main sources of accumulating lipids in foam cells. Atherogenic modified LDL are taken up by arterial cells, such as macrophages, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells in an unregulated manner bypassing the LDL receptor.

Regulation of Proteins in Human Skeletal Muscle: The Role of Transcription.

Regular low intensity aerobic exercise (aerobic training) provides effective protection against various metabolic disorders. Here, the roles played by transient transcriptome responses to acute exercise and by changes in baseline gene expression during up-regulation of protein content in human skeletal muscle were investigated after 2 months of aerobic training. Seven untrained males were involved in a 2 month aerobic cycling training program.

Role of Phagocytosis in the Pro-Inflammatory Response in LDL-Induced Foam Cell Formation; a Transcriptome Analysis.

Excessive accumulation of lipid inclusions in the arterial wall cells (foam cell formation) caused by modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the earliest and most noticeable manifestation of atherosclerosis. The mechanisms of foam cell formation are not fully understood and can involve altered lipid uptake, impaired lipid metabolism, or both. Recently, we have identified the top 10 master regulators that were involved in the accumulation of cholesterol in cultured macrophages induced by the incubation with modified LDL.

BioUML: an integrated environment for systems biology and collaborative analysis of biomedical data.

BioUML (homepage: http://www.biouml.org, main public server: https://ict.

Two forms of substrate for the bioluminescent reaction in three species of basidiomycetes.

The luminescent response of the enzymatic system of on the cold and hot extracts from cell-free culture liquids of sp. and was examined. The greatest influence on the light emission produced by the luminescent system of was provided by the temperature at which the probes were prepared for assay.

Nonlinear Fourier Transform for Analysis of Coherent Structures in Dissipative Systems.

Using the cubic Ginzburg-Landau equation as an example, we demonstrate how the inverse scattering transform can be applied to characterize coherent structures in dissipative nonlinear systems. Using this approach one can reduce the number of the effective degrees of freedom in the system when the dynamic is dominated by the coherent structures, even if they are embedded in the dispersive waves and demonstrate unstable behavior.

Walking pathways with positive feedback loops reveal DNA methylation biomarkers of colorectal cancer.

Background: The search for molecular biomarkers of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important but still quite challenging and unsolved task. Detection of CpG methylation in human DNA obtained from blood or stool has been proposed as a promising approach to a noninvasive early diagnosis of CRC. Thousands of abnormally methylated CpG positions in CRC genomes are often located in non-coding parts of genes.

Using the Data-Compression Method for Studying Hunting Behavior in Small Mammals.

Using the data-compression method we revealed a similarity between hunting behaviors of the common shrew, which is insectivorous, and several rodent species with different types of diet. Seven rodent species studied displayed succinct, highly predictable hunting stereotypes, in which it was easy for the data compressor to find regularities. The generalist Norway rat, with its changeable manipulation of prey and less predictable transitions between stereotype elements, significantly differs from other species.

Hydrodynamic 2D Turbulence and Spatial Beam Condensation in Multimode Optical Fibers.

We show that Kerr beam self-cleaning results from parametric mode mixing instabilities that generate a number of nonlinearly interacting modes with randomized phases-optical wave turbulence, followed by a direct and inverse cascade towards high mode numbers and condensation into the fundamental mode, respectively. This optical self-organization effect is an analogue to wave condensation that is well known in hydrodynamic 2D turbulence.

[Factors of endoscopic third ventriculostomy efficacy in infants with obstructive hydrocephalus under one year of age].

Unlabelled: Endoscopic surgery for obstructive hydrocephalus in children is an alternative to shunts. Currently, the efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in infants up to one year of age is increasingly discussed among neurosurgeons. To increase the efficacy of ETV, many surgeons raise the question: what factors may affect the efficacy of this procedure in the younger age group?

Objective: To study the factors affecting the efficacy of ETV.

Dynamics of Interactions between Cerebral Networks Derived from fMRI Data and Motor Rehabilitation during Stokes.

The connections between large neuronal networks were analyzed in 12 patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes and hemiparesis included in the course of the interactive brain stimulation in the area of the primary motor cortex by the analysis of independent components of fMRI. The results obtained in 3 patients are presented. Desynchronization of the visual networks with each other and with the motor networks as well as positive dynamics in Rankin scale and box and blocks test were observed in the patients.

Dynamics of fMRI and EEG Parameters in a Stroke Patient Assessed during a Neurofeedback Course Focused on Brodmann Area 4 (M1).

A course of interactive stimulation of primary motor cortex (Brodmann area 4) in the brain of a stroke patient resulted in recovery of locomotion volume in the paretic extremities and in improvement of general health accompanied with diverse changes in cerebral activity. During the training course, the magnitude of response in the visual fields of Brodmann areas 17 and 18 decreased; in parallel, the motor areas were supplemented with other ones such as area 24 (the ventral surface of anterior cingulate gyrus responsible for self-regulation of human brain activity and implicated into synthesis of tactile and special information) in company with Brodmann areas 40, 41, 43, 44, and 45. EEG data showed that neurofeedback sessions persistently increased the θ rhythm power in Brodmann areas 7, 39, 40, and 47, while the corresponding powers progressively decreased during a real motion.

Prospects of Synchronous fMRI-EEG Recording as the Basis for Neurofeedback (Exemplified on Patient with Stroke Sequelae).

Synchronous fMRI-EEG mapping of cerebral activity in stroke patients made it possible to implement neurofeedback, a novel and promising therapeutic technology. This method integrates a real-time monitoring of cerebral activity by EEG and fMRI signals and training of the patients to control this activity simultaneously or alternatively via neurofeedback. The targets of such cerebral stimulation are cortical regions controlling arbitrary movements (Brodmann area 4), whereas its aim is optimization of activity in these regions in order to achieve better rehabilitation of stroke patients.

GTRD: a database on gene transcription regulation-2019 update.

The current version of the Gene Transcription Regulation Database (GTRD; http://gtrd.biouml.org) contains information about: (i) transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) and transcription coactivators identified by ChIP-seq experiments for Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Danio rerio, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Arabidopsis thaliana; (ii) regions of open chromatin and TFBSs (DNase footprints) identified by DNase-seq; (iii) unmappable regions where TFBSs cannot be identified due to repeats; (iv) potential TFBSs for both human and mouse using position weight matrices from the HOCOMOCO database.

Genome-wide map of human and mouse transcription factor binding sites aggregated from ChIP-Seq data.

Objectives: Mammalian genomics studies, especially those focusing on transcriptional regulation, require information on genomic locations of regulatory regions, particularly, transcription factor (TF) binding sites. There are plenty of published ChIP-Seq data on in vivo binding of transcription factors in different cell types and conditions. However, handling of thousands of separate data sets is often impractical and it is desirable to have a single global map of genomic regions potentially bound by a particular TF in any of studied cell types and conditions.

Detection of Hispidin by a Luminescent System from Basidiomycete Armillaria borealis.

In in vitro experiments, the possibility of using a luminescent system extracted from the luminous fungus Armillaria borealis has been shown to detect and determine the concentration of hispidin. A linear dependence of the luminescent response on the content of hispidin in solutions in the concentration range of 5.4 × 10-1.