Brain natriuretic peptide is a potent vasodilator in aged human microcirculation and shows a blunted response in heart failure patients.

Background: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is normally present in low levels in the circulation, but it is elevated in parallel with the degree of congestion in heart failure subjects (CHF). BNP has natriuretic effects and is a potent vasodilator. It is suggested that BNP could be a therapeutic alternative in CHF.

Increased endothelin 1 type B receptors in nasal lesions of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Background: Endothelin 1 (ET-1) is a locally produced vasoactive peptide with proinflammatory capabilities. Systemic levels of ET-1 seem elevated in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of the endothelin system in patients with GPA using nasal mucosal biopsies.

Increased tissue endothelin-1 and endothelin-B receptor expression in temporal arteries from patients with giant cell arteritis.

Purpose: Endothelin (ET)-1 has been implicated in the atherosclerotic process and during inflammation. Similarity in the development process of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and atherosclerosis exists. Several ET receptor antagonists have been developed, principally to target cardiovascular disease states.