Development and validation of a gonadotropin dose selection model for optimized ovarian stimulation in IVF/ICSI: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: The ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation varies widely among women, and could impact the probability of live birth as well as treatment risks. Many studies have evaluated the impact of different gonadotropin starting doses, mainly based on predictive variables like ovarian reserve tests (ORT) including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH). A Cochrane systematic review revealed that individualizing the gonadotropin starting dose does not affect efficacy in terms of ongoing pregnancy/live birth rates, but may reduce treatment risks such as the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).

Pro-survival roles for p21(Cip1/Waf1) in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Quiescence is reversible proliferative arrest. Multiple mechanisms regulate quiescence that are not fully understood. High expression of the CDK inhibitor p21 correlates with a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and, in non-transformed cells, p21 promotes quiescence after replication stress.

Trends of hip arthroscopy in Italy show an increase over the years: A nationwide study from 2001 to 2016.

Purpose: Hip arthroscopy has gained popularity among orthopaedic procedures over the last decade. The present study aims to evaluate the trends of hip arthroscopy procedures in Italy analysing data recorded by the Italian Ministry of Health, reporting demographics, length of hospitalisation (LOS), diagnosis and the economic impact of the procedure.

Methods: The National Hospital Discharge records reported by the Italian Ministry of Health were used, analysing the data regarding hip arthroscopy procedures performed in Italy between 2001 and 2016.

Intratumoural expression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase is an independent prognostic factor in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with adjuvant gemcitabine.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a poor prognosis, and biomarkers to guide treatment decisions in PDAC are generally lacking. Intratumoural expression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a potential prognostic parameter in patients with PDAC undergoing surgical resection and postoperative chemotherapy. In the present study, DPD was analysed by immunohistochemistry of a tissue microarray platform including a real-world cohort of 495 patients with PDAC who had undergone resection with curative intent at any of three tertiary centres, including Northern, Western and Southeastern regions of Sweden, between 1993 and 2019.

Platelet characteristics in extremely preterm infants after fatty acid supplementation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Two risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely preterm infants are thrombocytopenia and low levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To date, these risk factors have not been linked.

Method: Infants born < 28 weeks gestational age (GA) from 2016 to 2019 were randomized to postnatal enteral AA/DHA supplementation or standard care (controls).

Evaluation of primary HPV-based cervical screening among older women: Long-term follow-up of a randomized healthcare policy trial in Sweden.

Background: Evidence on invasive cervical cancer prevention among older women is limited, especially with the introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening and longer interval. We conducted a long-term follow-up of the first phase of a randomized healthcare policy trial in cervical screening, targeting women aged 56 to 61 years old, to investigate the effectiveness of primary HPV-based screening in preventing invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and the safety of extending screening interval.

Methods And Findings: The randomized healthcare policy trial of primary HPV-based cervical screening targeted women residing in Stockholm-Gotland region during 2012 to 2016, aged 30 to 64 years.

Pregnancy is associated with a simultaneous but independent increase in circulating CD177pos and immature low-density granulocytes.

The neutrophil marker CD177 (NB1, HNA-2a) is expressed by 0-100% of circulating neutrophils in any given donor, dividing neutrophils into two distinct subpopulations (CD177pos and CD177neg). High proportions of CD177pos blood neutrophils have been linked to both systemic infections and a range of inflammatory pathologies, but whether this is a cause or a consequence of disease is not known. Many conditions displaying elevated CD177pos neutrophil proportions are also accompanied by the presence of circulating low-density granulocytes (LDGs).

Lack of association between revision ACL reconstruction and preoperative, intraoperative and post-operative factors at primary ACL reconstruction in children and adolescents.

Purpose: To evaluate factors associated with revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) within 5 years of primary ACLR in children and adolescents.

Methods: Children and adolescents (age <20 years at surgery) who underwent primary hamstring tendon ACLR at the Capio Artro Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden, between January 2005 and December 2018 were identified. Revision ACLR within 5 years of primary ACLR was captured in the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry.

Increased risk of autism in extremely preterm children with a history of retinopathy of prematurity.

Aim: To investigate the association between retinopathy of prematurity and autism spectrum disorder in extremely preterm children.

Methods: Data in children born extremely preterm at <28 weeks' gestational age in the Region Västra Götaland, 2013-2017, were analysed for association between retinopathy of prematurity and neurodevelopmental disorders. We focussed on autism spectrum disorder and excluded children with perinatal brain injuries or genetic disorders.

The role of vitamin D in treated and refractory ulcerative colitis patients: a case-control study.

Background: Ulcerative colitis is a form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) marked by ongoing inflammation of the mucosal lining that extends from the rectum to the upper part of the colon. Vitamin D regulates immune responses in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Integration of personalised ultrasensitive ctDNA monitoring of patients with metastatic breast cancer to reduce imaging requirements.

Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging biomarker for monitoring cancers. The personalised disease monitoring in metastatic breast cancer (PDM-MBC) study is an ongoing study instigated to evaluate ctDNA as a biomarker to individualise imaging requirements in patients with MBC. Patients receiving first-line endocrine therapy (aromatase inhibitor + cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor) had plasma samples collected pre-treatment, weeks 2 and 4, and concurrently with imaging until progressive disease (PD).

Adherence to the Swedish paediatric guidelines for urinary tract infections.

Aim: To audit adherence to the Swedish paediatric guidelines for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants. Secondary objectives were to compare findings on imaging performed according to the guidelines with imaging without guideline support and to identify predictors of non-adherence.

Methods: A prospective multicentre study of infants <1 year treated at paediatric hospitals for their first UTI.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy as metastasis-directed therapy in oligometastatic prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to definitively treat oligometastases in prostate cancer has drawn large clinical and research interests within radiation oncology. However, the evidence is considered in its early stages and there is currently no systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in this field. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SBRT as metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) in oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) compared to no MDT reported in RCTs.

Magnetic Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early Breast Cancer Patients: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of Tracer Uptake.

Background: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) are emerging as a viable alternative to technetium and blue dye. Our study was designed to evaluate the correlation between SPIO dose, injection site, and timing with sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection and iron content in retrieved SLNs.

Methods: This study combined individual patient data from three Dutch and five Swedish studies.

Recommendations for Transitioning Young People with Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders and Autoinflammatory Diseases to Adult Care.

Purpose: Significant improvements in the prognosis for young patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (PID) and Autoinflammatory Disorders (AID), which together make up the majority of Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI), have resulted in the need for optimisation of transition and transfer of care to adult services. Effective transition is crucial to improve health outcomes and treatment compliance among patients. Evaluations of existing transition programmes in European health centres identified the absence of disease-specific transition guidelines for PID and AID, as a challenge to the transition process.

Surgical Correction of Unicoronal Synostosis: Fronto-orbital Distraction versus Calvarial Switch.

Background: There is a need for a new, less invasive surgical option for unicoronal synostosis (UCS). The aim of this study was to compare the resulting morphology and symmetry in patients with UCS following fronto-orbital distraction (FOD) or calvarial switch (CS).

Methods: 79 patients with isolated UCS operated between 2005 and 2021 were analyzed.

The Role of Medium Polarity in the Efficiency of Albumin Binding with Hydrophobic Ligands: Experimental Studies and a Molecular Dynamics Investigation.

This study evaluates how the polarity of the medium affects the binding efficiency of hydrophobic ligands with human serum albumin (HSA). The polarity of the aqueous medium was changed by adding 1,4-dioxane in concentrations of 0%, 10%, and 20% /, resulting in solvent mixtures with decreasing dielectric constants (ε = 80, 72, and 63). The addition of 1,4-dioxane did not affect the integrity of the protein, as confirmed by Far-UV-CD, Rayleigh scattering, and time-resolved fluorescence experiments.

Patients with Darier disease have an increased risk of keratinocyte carcinoma: a Swedish registry-based nationwide cohort study.

Background: Darier disease is a genodermatosis which manifests as hyperkeratotic papules and superficial erosions mainly in seborrheic skin areas. This retrospective registry-based cohort study aimed to estimate the association between Darier disease and skin cancer.

Results: Patients diagnosed with Darier disease were identified from the patient registry of Sahlgrenska University Hospital (Gothenburg, Sweden) in 2016-2020.

Cardiac biomarkers for detection of coronary artery disease in the community.

To investigate whether coronary artery disease (CAD) burden is associated with plasma levels of the myocardial biomarkers Troponin I (TropI) and NT-proBNP in a large population-based sample using a cross-sectional design. Coronary computerized tomography (CT) angiography was performed in 25,859 subjects without a history of atherosclerotic disease from SCAPIS study (age 50-65, 52% women). TropI and NT-proBNP were measured in plasma.

How much resources are reasonable to spend on radiological protection?

In short terms, a society's available resources are finite and must be prioritised. The more resources that are spent on radiological protection, the lesser resources are available for other needs. The ALARA principle states that exposure of ionising radiation should be kept as low as reasonably achievable, taking into account economic and societal factors.

The relationship between anticholinergic burden and frailty in the year preceding a diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies.

Introduction: Little is known regarding the relationship between anticholinergic medications and frailty in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Methods: Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB) and Claims-based Frailty Index scores were calculated for 12 months prior to the dementia diagnosis using electronic medical record and claims data. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between ACB and odds of frailty.

Single-modality endocrine therapy versus radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in women aged 70 years and older with luminal A-like early breast cancer (EUROPA): a preplanned interim analysis of a phase 3, non-inferiority, randomised trial.

Background: Optimal therapy following breast-conserving surgery in older adults with low-risk, early-stage breast cancer remains uncertain. The EUROPA trial aims to compare the effects of radiotherapy and endocrine therapy as single-modality treatments on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence (IBTR) outcomes in this population.

Methods: This non-inferiority, phase 3, randomised study was conducted at 18 academic hospitals across Italy (17 centres) and Slovenia (one centre).