Comparative analysis of adenosine 1 receptor expression and function in hippocampal and hypothalamic neurons.

Background: Adenosine, an ATP degradation product, is a sleep pressure factor. The adenosine 1 receptor (A1R) reports sleep need. Histaminergic neurons (HN) of the tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) fire exclusively during wakefulness and promote arousal.

Clot signature in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke and concomitant active cancer.

Background And Purpose: Patients with active cancer face an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Also, stroke may be an initial indicator of cancer. In patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke treated with thrombectomy, analysis of the clot composition may contribute new insights into the pathological connections between these two conditions.

Changes in iPSC-Astrocyte morphology reflect Alzheimer's disease patient clinical markers.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide powerful cellular models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and offer many advantages over non-human models, including the potential to reflect variation in individual-specific pathophysiology and clinical symptoms. Previous studies have demonstrated that iPSC-neurons from individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) reflect clinical markers, including β-amyloid (Aβ) levels and synaptic vulnerability. However, despite neuronal loss being a key hallmark of AD pathology, many risk genes are predominantly expressed in glia, highlighting them as potential therapeutic targets.

Assessment of Ophthalmology Residency Training in Switzerland: A Trainee-Based Survey.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the current status of ophthalmology residency training in Switzerland and provide insights for enhancing training programs.

Materials And Methods: The survey covered demographic data such as gender, age, workplace, and year of residency, as well as working conditions, current practical and diagnostic skills, interest in scientific work, and future plans. It consisted of 16 multiple choice questions (MCQ), 5 multiple select questions (MSQ), 8 free-text, 6 Net Promoter Score (NPS), and 4 Likert scale questions.

Short-term intraocular pressure changes after intravitreal aflibercept 2 mg, aflibercept 8 mg and faricimab: a prospective, comparative study.

Background/aims: Intravitreal injection (IVT) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents is the standard of care for several retinal diseases but can cause intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations. This study investigates short-term postinjection IOP changes following aflibercept 8 mg and faricimab, compared with aflibercept 2 mg.

Methods: This observational, prospective study included 90 patients with age-related macular degeneration or diabetic macular oedema, divided into three groups, receiving aflibercept 2 mg, aflibercept 8 mg or faricimab.

Video head impulse gain is impaired in myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2.

Background And Purpose: This study was undertaken to examine vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) characteristics in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) using video head impulse testing (vHIT).

Methods: VOR gain, refixation saccade prevalence, first saccade amplitude, onset latency, peak velocity, and duration were compared in DM1, DM2, age-matched normal controls, and patients with peripheral and central vestibulopathies.

Results: Fifty percent of DM1 and 37.

Intravitreal faricimab for treatment naïve patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a real-world prospective study.

Background: Intravitreal faricimab, a bispecific antibody targeting both angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), was recently introduced for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular oedema and cystoid macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy, safety and durability of intravitreal faricimab in a real-world cohort of treatment-naïve patients with nAMD.

Methods: Single-centre, prospective cohort study of 21 eyes from 19 treatment-naïve nAMD patients who were treated with intravitreal faricimab from October 2022 to April 2024.

One-Year Real-World Outcomes of Intravitreal Faricimab for Previously Treated Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Introduction: This study assessed the efficacy, durability, and safety of faricimab in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), previously treated with aflibercept or ranibizumab with unsatisfactory results.

Methods: This was a single-center, prospective cohort study of all consecutive patients with nAMD switched to intravitreally administered faricimab from traditional anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatments between September 2022 and April 2023 because of unsatisfactory response (maximal fluid-free interval ≤ 8 weeks). Faricimab was administered with a loading dose of four 4-weekly injections, followed by a treat-and-extend regimen.

Microsurgical Resection of Trigeminal Schwannoma Through Transorbital Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

We present the case of an asymptomatic 34-year-old woman who was found to have an incidental left trigeminal schwannoma.1,2 Owing to the rapid increase in size on imaging, an atypical finding for this type of lesion,3 as well as the risk of cranial nerve involvement and need for tissue diagnosis, the patient underwent a microsurgical left transorbital approach with lateral orbitotomy to resect the lesion.4,5 Piecemeal resection was performed, and the internal contents of the cavernous sinus were preserved.

OUTER RETINAL COLUMNAR ABNORMALITIES: A Novel Optical Coherence Tomography Sign of CRB1 Maculopathy?

Purpose: To report a novel optical coherence tomography sign in the context of CRB1 -related maculopathy termed outer retinal columnar abnormalities (ORCA).

Methods: Retrospective, multicenter, observational case series of 14 eyes of eight patients with molecularly confirmed CRB1 -related maculopathy and ORCA. Multimodal imaging scans and medical records of patients with CRB1 -related maculopathy were reviewed.

CLinical EValuation of WEB 17 device in intracranial aneuRysms (CLEVER): 1-year effectiveness results for ruptured and unruptured aneurysms.

Background: The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is designed to treat wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms. The WEB 17 is the latest iteration and can be delivered through a 0.017″ microcatheter.

Teratogenesis, Perinatal, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After In Utero Exposure to Antiseizure Medication: Practice Guideline From the AAN, AES, and SMFM.

This practice guideline provides updated evidence-based conclusions and recommendations regarding the effects of antiseizure medications (ASMs) and folic acid supplementation on the prevalence of major congenital malformations (MCMs), adverse perinatal outcomes, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born to people with epilepsy of childbearing potential (PWECP). A multidisciplinary panel conducted a systematic review and developed practice recommendations following the process outlined in the 2017 edition of the American Academy of Neurology Clinical Practice Guideline Process Manual. The systematic review includes studies through August 2022.

The role of cochlear and vestibular afferents in long-latency cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.

Objective: To examine the origin of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) late waves (n34-p44) elicited with air-conducted click stimuli.

Design: Using a retrospective design, cVEMPs from normal volunteers were compared to those obtained from patients with vestibular and auditory pathologies.

Study Sample: (1) Normal volunteers (n = 56); (2) severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with normal vestibular function (n = 21); (3) peripheral vestibular impairment with preserved hearing (n = 16); (4) total vestibulocochlear deficit (n = 23).

An attentional and working memory theory of hallucination vulnerability in frontotemporal dementia.

The rate and prevalence of hallucinations in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia is well established. The mechanisms for underlying vulnerability however are the least well described in FTD compared with other neuropsychiatric conditions, despite the presence of these features significantly complicating the diagnostic process. As such, this present study aimed to provide a detailed characterization of the neural, cognitive and behavioural profile associated with a predisposition to hallucinatory experiences in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia.

Accuracy of Repetitive Ocular Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials to Diagnose Myasthenia Gravis in Patients With Ptosis or Diplopia.

Background And Objectives: We developed repetitive ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (roVEMP) as an electrophysiologic test that allows us to elicit the characteristic decrement of extraocular muscles in patients with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG). Case-control studies demonstrated that roVEMP reliably differentiates patients with OMG from healthy controls. We now aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of roVEMP for OMG diagnosis in patients with ptosis and/or diplopia.

Sleep quality during and after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) lockdowns in the UK: Results from the SleepQuest study.

Sleep is fundamental to health. The aim of this study was to analyse and determine factors predicting sleep quality during and after national lockdowns due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) in the UK. A longitudinal online survey-based study (SleepQuest) involving UK adults was administered in Spring 2020, Winter 2020, and Winter 2022 including questionnaires probing sleep quality, depression, anxiety, beliefs about sleep, demographics, COVID-19 status, and exercise.

Machine learning models help differentiate between causes of recurrent spontaneous vertigo.

Background: Vestibular migraine (VM) and Menière's disease (MD) are two common causes of recurrent spontaneous vertigo. Using history, video-nystagmography and audiovestibular tests, we developed machine learning models to separate these two disorders.

Methods: We recruited patients with VM or MD from a neurology outpatient facility.

Investigating the Role of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and N-Terminal-proBNP in Thrombosis and Acute Ischemic Stroke Etiology.

The need for biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) to understand the mechanisms implicated in pathological clot formation is critical. The levels of the brain natriuretic peptides known as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP have been shown to be increased in patients suffering from heart failure and other heart conditions. We measured their expression in AIS clots of cardioembolic (CE) and large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) etiology, evaluating their location inside the clots, aiming to uncover their possible role in thrombosis.