Systematic Review of Exercise Studies in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: Exploring the Quality of Interventions According to the Principles of Exercise Training.

Introduction: The objective of this systematic review is to explore the application and reporting of (i) the principles of exercise training in exercise trials, (ii) the components of exercise prescription, and (iii) the adherence towards the prescribed programmes in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).

Methods: The MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PubMed and Embase electronic databases were searched from 1 January 2000 to 16 October 2020. RCTs comprising at least 3 weeks of aerobic and/or resistance exercise intervention in pwMS that reported at least one physiological outcome and were published in peer-reviewed journals were eligible for inclusion.

Acute aerobic exercise to recover from mental exhaustion - a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Prolonged periods of intense cognitive activity lead to a state of mental exhaustion. While widespread strategies to recover from mental exhaustion (i.e.

Acute and Delayed Effects of Time-Matched Very Short "All Out" Efforts in Concentric vs. Eccentric Cycling.

Background: To the authors' knowledge, there have been no studies comparing the acute responses to "all out" efforts in concentric (isoinertial) vs. eccentric (isovelocity) cycling.

Methods: After two familiarization sessions, 12 physically active men underwent the experimental protocols consisting of a 2-min warm-up and 8 maximal efforts of 5 s, separated by 55 s of active recovery at 80 rpm, in concentric vs.

Maintaining proteostasis under mechanical stress.

Cell survival, tissue integrity and organismal health depend on the ability to maintain functional protein networks even under conditions that threaten protein integrity. Protection against such stress conditions involves the adaptation of folding and degradation machineries, which help to preserve the protein network by facilitating the refolding or disposal of damaged proteins. In multicellular organisms, cells are permanently exposed to stress resulting from mechanical forces.

Sleep problems and their interaction with physical activity and fatigue in hematological cancer patients during onset of high dose chemotherapy.

Purpose: Sleep problems reported by hematological cancer patients are usually linked to higher levels of cancer-related fatigue. Although the awareness of sleep problems in solid cancer patients is rising, there has been less attention to the issue in hematological cancer patients. The present study assesses the differences in sleep by comparing physical activity and fatigue levels among hematological cancer patients during the onset of chemotherapy.

Exercise and sports after COVID-19-Guidance from a clinical perspective.

SARS-CoV-2 infection has emerged as not only a pulmonary but also potentially multi-organ disease, which may cause long-term structural damage of different organ systems including the lung, heart, vasculature, brain, liver, kidney, or intestine. As a result, the current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic will eventually yield substantially increased numbers of chronically diseased patients worldwide, particularly suffering from pulmonary fibrosis, post-myocarditis, chronic heart failure, or chronic kidney disease. Exercise recommendations for rehabilitation are complex in these patients and should follow current guidelines including standards for pre-exercise medical examinations and individually tailored exercise prescription.

Dietary interventions to improve body composition in men treated with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a solution for the growing problem?

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has adverse effects on body composition, including muscle wasting and body fat accumulation, which may be attenuated by nutrition therapy. This systematic review summarises available evidence on the effects of dietary interventions on lean mass, fat mass and body mass index (BMI) in men treated with ADT for prostate cancer.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.

Contribution to the ongoing discussion on fluoride toxicity.

Since the addition of fluoride to drinking water in the 1940s, there have been frequent and sometimes heated discussions regarding its benefits and risks. In a recently published review, we addressed the question if current exposure levels in Europe represent a risk to human health. This review was discussed in an editorial asking why we did not calculate benchmark doses (BMD) of fluoride neurotoxicity for humans.

The effect of exercise on regulatory T cells: A systematic review of human and animal studies with future perspectives and methodological recommendations.

Many of the exercise-related health-promoting effects are attributed to beneficial immunomodulation. The restoration of immune homeostasis is context-dependent, meaning either to increase anti-inflammatory signaling to counteract disease progression of non-communicable (auto)inflammatory diseases or to enhance (local) activity of proinflammatory immune cells to slow down or inhibit cancer progression. Regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) represent the main regulatory component of the adaptive immune system that fine-tunes inflammatory responses, keeps them in check and prevents long-lasting autoimmunity.

High-Protein, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement Decreases Fasting Insulin and Inflammation Markers-A 12-Month Subanalysis of the ACOORH Trial.

Lifestyle interventions, including meal replacement, are effective in the prevention and treatment of type-2-diabetes and obesity. Since insulin is the key weight regulator, we hypothesised that the addition of meal replacement to a lifestyle intervention reduces insulin levels more effectively than lifestyle intervention alone. In the international multicentre randomised controlled ACOORH (Almased Concept against Overweight and Obesity and Related Health Risk) trial, overweight or obese persons who meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome ( = 463) were randomised into two groups.

Maximal isometric strength indices are associated with the oxygen cost of walking and running in recreationally active men and women.

This study assessed the associations of maximal isometric strength and movement economy in 126 recreationally active men and women. Oxygen consumption was assessed through a graded treadmill test with 4-minute increments (4-12 km∙h). Maximal isometric leg extensor, leg flexor and handgrip strength were assessed by isometric dynamometry.

Do baseline cognitive status, participant specific characteristics and EDSS impact changes of cognitive performance following aerobic exercise intervention in multiple sclerosis?

Purpose: Cognitive impairment is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). Physical exercise represents a promising non-pharmacological therapy option, however, potential predictors for successful cognitive improvements mediated by exercise remain to be elucidated in order to optimize targeted exercise training regimens. One of the most promising exercise training regime in this context is high-intensity interval training (HIIT).

Exercise Diminishes Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain and Reroutes the Kynurenine Pathway in Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: To examine acute (single-bout) and training effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs standard exercise therapy (moderate continuous training [MCT]) on plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) and kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan degradation metabolites in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).

Methods: Sixty-nine pwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale score 3.0-6.

Cognitive Impairment Impacts Exercise Effects on Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis.

Exercise training reveals high potential to beneficially impact cognitive performance in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Research indicates that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has potentially higher effects on physical fitness and cognition compared to moderate continuous exercise. This study (i) compares the effects of a 3-week HIIT and moderate continuous exercise training on cognitive performance and cardiorespiratory fitness of pwMS in an overall analysis and (ii) investigates potential effects based on baseline cognitive status in a subgroup analysis.

Acute Exercise-Induced Set Shifting Benefits in Healthy Adults and Its Moderators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Positive effects of acute exercise on cognitive performances in general inspired research that investigated the effects of acute exercise on specific cognitive subdomains. Many existing studies examined beneficial effects of acute exercise on subsequent set shifting performance in healthy adults. Set shifting, a subdomain of executive function, is the ability to switch between different cognitive sets.

High-intensity interval training and energy management education, compared with moderate continuous training and progressive muscle relaxation, for improving health-related quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis: study protocol of a randomized controlled superiority trial with six months' follow-up.

Background: Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) often have reduced aerobic capacity and report fatigue as the most disabling symptom impacting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach is recommended for successful management of symptoms, although there is little supporting evidence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a multimodal therapy approach, including endurance training and patient education, during a three-week inpatient rehabilitation stay, on HRQoL in PwMS at six months follow-up.

Oral Contraceptives Do Not Affect Physiological Responses to Strength Exercise.

Umlauff, L, Weil, P, Zimmer, P, Hackney, AC, Bloch, W, and Schumann, M. Oral contraceptives do not affect physiological responses to strength exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 894-901, 2021-This study investigated the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on acute changes in steroid hormone concentrations and tryptophan (TRP) metabolites in response to strength exercise.

Feasibility and suitability of a graded exercise test in patients with aggressive hemato-oncological disease.

Purpose: Physical activity promises to reduce disease-related symptoms and therapy-related side effects in patients suffering from aggressive lymphoma (L) or acute leukemia (AL). For an efficient training program, determination of patients' physical capacity with a purposive exercise test is crucial. Here, we evaluated the feasibility and suitability of a graded exercise test (GXT) frequently applied in patients suffering from solid tumors by assessing whether patients achieved criteria for maximal exercise testing according to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM).

Effects of a Protein-Rich, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement on Changes in Dietary Intake and Body Weight Following a Weight-Management Intervention-The ACOORH Trial.

Although meal replacement can lead to weight reduction, there is uncertainty whether this dietary approach implemented into a lifestyle programme can improve long-term dietary intake. In this subanalysis of the (ACOORH) study ( = 463), participants with metabolic risk factors were randomly assigned to either a meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention group (INT) or a lifestyle intervention control group (CON). This subanalysis relies only on data of participants ( = 119) who returned correctly completed dietary records at baseline, and after 12 and 52 weeks.

Recommendations for determining the validity of consumer wearable heart rate devices: expert statement and checklist of the INTERLIVE Network.

Assessing vital signs such as heart rate (HR) by wearable devices in a lifestyle-related environment provides widespread opportunities for public health related research and applications. Commonly, consumer wearable devices assessing HR are based on photoplethysmography (PPG), where HR is determined by absorption and reflection of emitted light by the blood. However, methodological differences and shortcomings in the validation process hamper the comparability of the validity of various wearable devices assessing HR.

Recommendations for determining the validity of consumer wearable and smartphone step count: expert statement and checklist of the INTERLIVE network.

Consumer wearable and smartphone devices provide an accessible means to objectively measure physical activity (PA) through step counts. With the increasing proliferation of this technology, consumers, practitioners and researchers are interested in leveraging these devices as a means to track and facilitate PA behavioural change. However, while the acceptance of these devices is increasing, the validity of many consumer devices have not been rigorously and transparently evaluated.

Exercise training in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: study protocol of the Cologne ExAfib Trial.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with a number of comorbidities such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. While physical activity is already implemented in current international guidelines for the prevention and treatment of AF, the precise role of different types of exercise in the management of AF remains to be elucidated. The primary aim of the Cologne ExAfib Trial is to assess the feasibility and safety of different exercise modes in patients diagnosed with paroxysmal AF.

Meal replacement by formula diet reduces weight more than a lifestyle intervention alone in patients with overweight or obesity and accompanied cardiovascular risk factors-the ACOORH trial.

Background: As formula diets have demonstrated to be effective in reducing weight, we hypothesised that in patients with overweight or obesity and accompanied cardiovascular risk factors, combining a liquid formula diet with a lifestyle intervention is superior in reducing weight and improving cardiovascular risk factors than lifestyle intervention alone.

Methods: In this multicenter RCT 463 participants with overweight or obesity (BMI: 27-35 kg/m²; at least one additional co-morbidity of the metabolic syndrome) were randomised (1:2) into either a control group with lifestyle intervention only (CON, n = 155) or a lifestyle intervention group including a liquid meal replacement (INT, n = 308). Both groups used telemonitoring devices (scales and pedometers), received information on healthy diet and were instructed to increase physical activity.