Controversy on health-based guidance values for bisphenol A-the need of criteria for studies that serve as a basis for risk assessment.

Since 2006, the responsible regulatory bodies have proposed five health-based guidance values (HBGV) for bisphenol A (BPA) that differ by a factor of 250,000. This range of HBGVs covers a considerable part of the range from highly toxic to relatively non-toxic substances. As such heterogeneity of regulatory opinions is a challenge not only for scientific risk assessment but also for all stakeholders, the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) analyzed the reasons for the current discrepancy and used this example to suggest improvements for the process of HBGV recommendations.

The Influence of a Polyphenol-Rich Red Berry Fruit Juice on Recovery Process and Leg Strength Capacity after Six Days of Intensive Endurance Exercise in Recreational Endurance Athletes.

Background: Various nutritional strategies are increasingly used in sports to reduce oxidative stress and promote recovery. Chokeberry is rich in polyphenols and can reduce oxidative stress. Consequently, chokeberry juices and mixed juices with chokeberry content are increasingly used in sports.

Identification of differentially expressed ER stress-related genes and their association with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex and progressive illness that has a multifaceted origin, significant fatality rates, and profound effects on health. The pathogenesis of PAH is poorly defined due to the insufficient understanding of the combined impact of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and immune infiltration, both of which play vital roles in PAH development. This study aims to identify potential ER stress-related biomarkers in PAH and investigate their involvement in immune infiltration.

Exosome is a Fancy Mobile Sower of Ferroptosis.

Exosomes, nano-sized small extracellular vesicles, have been shown to serve as mediators between intercellular communications by transferring bioactive molecules, such as non-coding RNA, proteins, and lipids from secretory to recipient cells, modulating a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Recent studies have gradually demonstrated that altered exosome charges may represent a key mechanism driving the pathological process of ferroptosis. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms and signal pathways relevant to ferroptosis and then discusses the roles of exosome in ferroptosis.

Protective Mechanisms of SGLTi in Ischemic Heart Disease.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a common clinical cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Sodium glucose cotransporter protein inhibitor (SGLTi) is a novel hypoglycemic drug. To date, both clinical trials and animal experiments have shown that SGLTi play a protective role in IHD, including myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

The relationship between low prolactin and type 2 diabetes.

Prolactin (PRL) is secreted throughout life in men and women. At elevated levels, its physiological role in pregnancy and lactation, and pathological effects, are well known. However clinical implications of low circulating PRL are not well established.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles damage the prefrontal lobe in mouse: Behavioral impacts and key mechanisms.

Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have dualistic properties due to their advantage and toxicity. However, the impact and mechanisms of ZnO NPs on the prefrontal lobe have limited research. This study investigates the behavioral changes following exposure to ZnO NPs (34 mg/kg, 30 days), integrating multiple behaviors and bioinformatics analysis to identify critical factors and regulatory mechanisms.

FUDNC1-dependent mitophagy ameliorate motor neuron death in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, yet effective treatment is lacking. Moreover, the underlying pathomechanisms of ALS remain unclear, with impaired mitophagy function being increasingly recognized as a contributing factor. FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 (FUNDC1) is an autophagy receptor localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and a mitochondrial membrane protein that mediates mitophagy and therefore considered as important factor in neurodegenerative diseases.

Sleep deprivation reduces the baroreflex sensitivity through elevated angiotensin (Ang) II subtype 1 receptor expression in the nucleus tractus solitarii.

Introduction: Sleep insufficiency has been linked to an increased risk of high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. Emerging studies have demonstrated that impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is involved in the adverse cardiovascular effects caused by sleep deprivation, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, the present study aims to clarify the role of abnormal renin-angiotensin system in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in impaired BRS induced by sleep deprivation.

Prognostic Value of Cardiovascular Biomarkers in the Population.

Importance: Identification of individuals at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease within the population is important to inform primary prevention strategies.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of routinely available cardiovascular biomarkers when added to established risk factors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Individual-level analysis including data on cardiovascular biomarkers from 28 general population-based cohorts from 12 countries and 4 continents with assessments by participant age.

The molecular mechanisms of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 and its relevance to kidney disease.

Pin1 is a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase subfamily and is widely expressed in various cell types and tissues. Alterations in Pin1 expression levels play pivotal roles in both physiological processes and multiple pathological conditions, especially in the onset and progression of kidney diseases. Herein, we present an overview of the role of Pin1 in the regulation of fibrosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy.

Drug-induced AF: Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms and Management Strategies.

AF is a prevalent condition that is associated with various modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors. Drug-induced AF, despite being commonly under-recognised, can be relatively easy to manage. Numerous cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular agents, including catecholaminergic agents, adenosine, anti-tumour agents and others, have been reported to induce AF.

Association of Blood Copper With the Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis: An Observational Study.

Background: Copper exposure is reported to be associated with increased risk of stroke. However, the association of copper exposure with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis remains unclear.

Methods And Results: This observational study included consecutive participants from Xinqiao Hospital between May 2020 and August 2021.

The role of iron overload and ferroptosis in arrhythmia pathogenesis.

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death triggered by intracellular iron overload, which leads to the accumulation of lipid peroxides in various cells. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, including tumors, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The intricate mechanism underlying ferroptosis involves an imbalance between the oxidation and antioxidant systems, disturbances in iron metabolism, membrane lipid peroxidation, and dysregulation of amino acid metabolism.

The Influence of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Appetite and Appetite Regulation in Patients with Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aims to analyze the effects of acute and chronic exercise on appetite and appetite regulation in patients with abnormal glycemic control. PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for eligible studies. The included studies had to report assessments of appetite (primary outcome).

The latest emerging drugs for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Introduction: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus involving multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms. In addition to hypoglycemic agents commonly used in diabetes, metabolism-related drugs, natural plant extracts, melatonin, exosomes, and rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are cardioprotective in DCM. However, there is a lack of systematic summarization of drugs for DCM.

Impacts of gene variants on drug effects-the foundation of genotype-guided pharmacologic therapy for long QT syndrome and short QT syndrome.

The clinical significance of optimal pharmacotherapy for inherited arrhythmias such as short QT syndrome (SQTS) and long QT syndrome (LQTS) has been increasingly recognised. The advancement of gene technology has opened up new possibilities for identifying genetic variations and investigating the pathophysiological roles and mechanisms of genetic arrhythmias. Numerous variants in various genes have been proven to be causative in genetic arrhythmias.

Adverse reactions after intravascular iodinated contrast media administration and their management.

Endovascular interventions and diagnostic examinations using iodinated contrast media (ICM) are standard of care in current vascular medicine. Although ICM use is generally considered safe, it may be associated with adverse reactions, vary from minor disturbances to rare, but severe life-threatening complications. This position paper of European Society of Vascular Medicine integrates current knowledge and summarizes the key information related to the use of intravascular ICM, serving as recommendation on prevention and management of acute, late, and very late adverse reactions.