Death competence profiles and influencing factors among novice oncology nurses: a latent profile analysis.

Background: Preparing novice oncology nurses to competently care for dying cancer patients is challenging, particularly in cultures where death and dying are taboo subjects. This study aims to explore the various profiles of death competence among novice oncology nurses through latent profile analysis, identifies distinguishing characteristics, and examines influential factors within these subgroups.

Methods: A multisite cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2022, involving 506 novice oncology nurses from six tertiary cancer hospitals and centers across mainland China.

Current status and influencing factors of nutrition management in patients with digestive tract cancer from the integrated perspective of medical care staff, patients, and family caregivers: a qualitative study.

Background: The research aimed to collect experience and viewpoints related to the nutrition management of patients with digestive tract cancers from medical care staff, patients, and family caregivers and provide reasonable and effective references for the mode of nutrition management of these patients.

Methods: Using a phenomenological qualitative research method, six physicians, six nurses, three nutritionists, six patients, and six family caregivers from a tertiary A cancer hospital in Jiangsu Province were chosen by purposive sampling methods from February to June 2023. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed by the content analysis method.

Targeting regulated cell death (RCD) with naturally derived sesquiterpene lactones in cancer therapy.

Regulated cell death (RCD) is a type of cell death modulated by specific signal transduction pathways. Currently, known RCD types include apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis, and NETosis. Mutations in cancer cells may prevent the RCD pathway; therefore, targeting RCD in tumors has become a promising therapeutic approach.

In-depth mass-spectrometry reveals phospho-RAB12 as a blood biomarker of G2019S LRRK2-driven Parkinson's disease.

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibition is a promising disease-modifying therapy for LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease (L2PD) and idiopathic PD (iPD). However, pharmaco-dynamic readouts and progression biomarkers for clinical trials aiming for disease modification are insufficient since no endogenous marker reflecting enhanced kinase activity of the most common LRRK2 G2019S mutation has been reported yet in L2PD patients. Employing phospho-/proteomic analyses we assessed the impact that LRRK2 activating mutations had in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a LRRK2 clinical cohort from Spain (n=174).

Methylation-modulated PFTK1 regulates gefitinib resistance via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in EGFR mutant non-small-cell lung cancer cells.

Inevitable gefitinib resistance is the biggest bottleneck in current treatment and the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we observe that PFTK1 (also named CDK14) is significantly enhanced in NSCLC with gefitinib resistance. And the upregulation of PFTK1 is negatively associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients who receive gefitinib treatment.

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) - Pathologia, quo vadis? - A global survey.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the tumor microenvironment have become increasingly important in cancer research, and immunotherapy has achieved major breakthroughs in improving patient outcomes. Despite the significant role of the pathologist in identifying, subtyping and reporting TILs, the implementation and assessment of TILs in pathology routine remains vague. To assess the actual use of TILs in routine clinical practice, a formal standardized questionnaire was disseminated on two social media platforms ("X" and LinkedIn) and by email in June 2024.

Distinct clinical features of urothelial carcinoma with low-expressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status.

Background: Some urothelial carcinoma patients are ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy, necessitating exploration of other effective therapeutic strategies. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression, gene amplification or mutations exist in urothelial carcinoma. Our study is to investigate the correlation of three-tier assessment of HER2 expression with clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of urothelial carcinoma.

Prognostic signature detects homologous recombination deficient in glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a frequent malignant tumor in neurosurgery characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and genetic instability. DNA double-strand breaks generated by homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) are a well-known contributor to genomic instability, which can encourage tumor development. It is unknown, however, whether the molecular characteristics linked with HRD have a predictive role in GBM.

Pushing the boundaries of radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations: highlights from the 7 immunorad conference.

Over the last decade, the annual Immunorad Conference, held under the joint auspicies of Gustave Roussy (Villejuif, France) and the Weill Cornell Medical College (New-York, USA) has aimed at exploring the latest advancements in the fields of tumor immunology and radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations for the treatment of cancer. Gathering medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, physicians and researchers with esteemed expertise in these fields, the Immunorad Conference bridges the gap between preclinical outcomes and clinical opportunities. Thus, it paves a promising way toward optimizing radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations and, from a broader perspective, improving therapeutic strategies for patients with cancer.

Epoxy metabolites of linoleic acid promote the development of breast cancer via orchestrating PLEC/NFκB1/CXCL9-mediated tumor growth and metastasis.

Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor in women and requires a comprehensive understanding of its pathogenesis for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) metabolism-driven inflammation is a causative factor in cancer development. However, the function of PUFAs' metabolism in BC remains largely unknown.

Single-cell transcriptomic and spatial analysis reveal the immunosuppressive microenvironment in relapsed/refractory angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a kind of aggressive T-cell lymphoma with significant enrichment of non-malignant tumor microenvironment (TME) cells. However, the complexity of TME in AITL progression is poorly understood. We performed single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-seq) and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) analysis to compare the cellular composition and spatial architecture between relapsed/refractory AITL (RR-AITL) and newly diagnosed AITL (ND-AITL).

Homologous recombination deficiency in ovarian cancer: Global expert consensus on testing and a comparison of companion diagnostics.

Background: Poly (ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are a treatment option for patients with advanced high-grade serous or endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (OC). Recent guidelines have clarified how homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) may influence treatment decision-making in this setting. As a result, numerous companion diagnostic assays (CDx) have been developed to identify HRD.

Stratified Medicine Paediatrics: Cell free DNA and serial tumour sequencing identifies subtype specific cancer evolution and epigenetic states.

We profiled a large heterogenous cohort of matched diagnostic-relapse tumour tissue and paired plasma-derived cell free DNA (cfDNA) from patients with relapsed and progressive solid tumours of childhood. Tissue and cfDNA sequencing results were concordant, with a wider spectrum of mutant alleles and higher degree of intra-tumour heterogeneity captured by the latter, if sufficient circulating tumour-derived DNA (ctDNA) was present. Serial tumour sequencing identified putative drivers of relapse, with alterations in epigenetic drivers being a common feature.

Patient-reported outcomes of rezvilutamide versus bicalutamide in combination with androgen deprivation therapy in high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients (CHART): a randomized, phase 3 study.

The randomized phase 3 CHART trial (NCT03520478) revealed that rezvilutamide (REZ) plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in high-volume, metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) significantly enhanced radiographic progression-free and overall survival than bicalutamide (BIC)-ADT. Accordingly, we examined patient-reported outcomes (PROs) results, which were exploratory endpoints in the CHART trial. The patients were randomly allocated to receive REZ-ADT or BIC-ADT in a 1:1 ratio.

Perspectives of the medical oncologist regarding adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: An international expert survey and case vignette study.

Introduction: Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The decision to initiate chemotherapy involves both patient and physician factors, decision-specific criteria, and contextual considerations. This study aimed to assess medical oncologists' views on adjuvant chemotherapy following pancreatic resection for PDAC.

Cancer Biology and the Perioperative Period: Opportunities for Disease Evolution and Challenges for Perioperative Care.

Efforts to deconvolve the complex interactions of cancer cells with other components of the tumor micro- and macro-environment have exposed a common tendency for cancers to subvert systems physiology and exploit endogenous programs involved in homeostatic control of metabolism, immunity, regeneration, and repair. Many such programs are engaged in the healing response to surgery which, together with other abrupt biochemical changes in the perioperative period, provide an opportunity for the macroevolution of residual disease. This review relates contemporary perspectives of cancer as a systemic disease with the overlapping biology of host responses to surgery and events within the perioperative period.

Circulating tumor DNA dynamics and clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer patients undergoing front-line chemotherapy.

Purpose: we tested whether ctDNA changes may be used to assess early response and clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients undergoing front-line systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT).

Experimental Design: 862 plasma samples were collected 4-weekly from baseline (BL) until disease progression in mCRC patients receiving front line SACT. ctDNA normalization was defined as ≥99% clearance after 1 month of therapy (Mo1) in the 3 variants with the highest allele frequency in BL ctDNA.

Biomedical applications of the engineered AIEgen-lipid nanostructureand.

Since the concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was first coined by Tang and co-workers, AIE-active luminogens (AIEgens) have drawn widespread attention among chemists and biologists due to their unique advantages such as high fluorescence efficiency, large Stokes shift, good photostability, low background noise, and high biological visualization capabilities in the aggregated state, surpassing conventional fluorophores. A growing number of AIEgens have been engineered to possess multifunctional properties, including near-infrared emission, two-photon absorption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and photothermal conversion, making them suitable for deep-tissue imaging and phototherapy. AIEgens show great potential in biomedical applicationsand.

Analysis of linear accelerator-based fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in brain metastases: efficacy, safety, and dose tolerances.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of linear accelerator-based fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (LINAC-FSRT) in patients with brain metastases (BM).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 214 patients treated with LINAC-FSRT, categorized based on biologically effective dose (BED10, / = 10) into two groups (≤55 Gy, >55 Gy). Stratified analyses were conducted based on targeted therapy to compare survival outcomes.

Cholesterol: The driving force behind the remodeling of tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer.

Essential membrane components and metabolites with a wide range of biological roles are both produced by cholesterol metabolism. Cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic stimuli alter cholesterol metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which in turn encourages colorectal carcinogenesis. Metabolites produced from cholesterol play intricate roles in promoting the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and stifling immunological responses.

Upper Urinary Tract Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Using a 1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Linear Accelerator: Workflow and Physics Considerations.

Advancements in radiotherapy technology now enable the delivery of ablative doses to targets in the upper urinary tract, including primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC), and secondary involvement by other histologies. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided linear accelerators (MR-Linacs) have shown promise to further improve the precision and adaptability of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). This single-institution retrospective study analyzed 34 patients (31 with upper urinary tract non-metastatic primaries [RCC or UTUC] and 3 with metastases of non-genitourinary histology) who received SBRT from August 2020 through September 2024 using a 1.

Size-Coded Hydrogel Microbeads for Extraction-Free Serum Multi-miRNAs Quantifications with Machine-Learning-Aided Lung Cancer Subtypes Classification.

Classifying lung cancer subtypes, which are characterized by multi-microRNAs (miRNAs) upregulation, is important for therapy and prognosis evaluation. Liquid biopsy is a promising approach, but the pretreatment of RNA extraction is labor-intensive and impairs accuracy. Here we develop size-coded hydrogel microbeads for extraction-free quantification of miR-21, miR-205, and miR-375 directly from serum.

N6-methyladenosine-modified SRD5A3, identified by IGF2BP3, sustains cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer.

Resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy limits the clinical benefit to some bladder cancer patients, and understanding the epigenetic regulation mechanism of cisplatin (CDDP) resistance in bladder cancer from the perspective of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification may optimize CDDP-based treatments. The study identified SRD5A3 as an oncogene for bladder cancer and stabilized by a m6A reader, IGF2BP3, to sustain CDDP resistance. Our results revealed that the expression of SRD5A3 was elevated in human bladder cancer tissues and cell lines, and this elevation was more evident in CDDP-resistant T24 and 5637 cells.