Endocannabinoid interference blocks post-global cerebral ischemia depression through prefrontal cortico-amygdala projections.

Up to 45% of patients surviving from transient global cerebral ischemia (GCI) after cardiac arrest develop post-global cerebral ischemia depression (PGCID), but how to treat PGCID is clinically unknown. Here we find that cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CBR) antagonists, CBR knockout and endocannabinoid (eCB) synthesis inhibition block acute stress-induced PGCID. Application of acute stress to GCI mice increases CBR activity from ventromedial prefrontal cortical (vmPFC) terminals synapsing with the basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons, indicating the involvement of increased vmPFC-BLA synaptic eCB signaling in PGCID induction.

Functional MRI-based biomarkers of insomnia with objective short sleep duration phenotype.

Background: Insomnia disorder with objective short sleep duration (ISS) phenotype is a more serious biological subtype than insomnia with objective normal sleep duration (INS) phenotype, and the neuroimaging data is helpful to understand the pathophysiology of the ISS phenotype. This study was to compare the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) between the ISS phenotype and the INS phenotype.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 55 patients with insomnia disorder were recruited, and 22 of them were defined as the ISS phenotype by the objective cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) technique.

Insomnia disorder characterized by probabilistic metastable substates using blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) phase signals.

Purpose: From a clinical point of view, how to force a transition from insomnia brain state to healthy brain state by external driven stimulation is of great interest. This needs to define brain state of insomnia disorder as metastable substates. The current study was to identify recurrent substates of insomnia disorder in terms of probability of occurrence, lifetime, and alternation profiles by using leading eigenvector dynamics analysis (LEiDA) method.

Insomnia disorder with objective short sleep duration (ISS) phenotype and cognitive performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Insomnia disorder with objective short sleep duration (ISS) has been considered as a biologically severe subtype. The aim of this meta-analysis was to reveal the association of the ISS phenotype and cognitive performance.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for studies that observed an association of cognitive performance and insomnia with objective short sleep duration (ISS) phenotype.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia with objective short sleep duration phenotype: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has been recommended as the first-line therapy for this condition. However, insomnia disorder with objective short sleep duration (ISS) phenotype is a distinct subtype from insomnia with normal sleep duration (INS) phenotype, and it may have a differential therapeutic response. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.

Insomnia disorder diagnosed by resting-state fMRI-based SVM classifier.

Background: The main classification systems of sleep disorders are based on the subjective self-reported criteria. Objective measures are essential to characterize the nocturnal sleep disturbance, identify daytime impairment, and determine the course of these symptoms. The aim of this study was to establish a resting-state fMRI-based support vector machine (SVM) classifier to diagnose insomnia disorder.

Role of Type I Interferon Signaling and Microglia in the Abnormal Long-term Potentiation and Object Place Recognition Deficits of Male Mice With a Mutation of the Tuberous Sclerosis 2 Gene.

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex is a genetic disorder associated with high rates of intellectual disability and autism. Mice with a heterozygous null mutation of the gene () show deficits in hippocampal-dependent tasks and abnormal long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1 region. Although previous studies focused on the role of neuronal deficits in the memory phenotypes of rodent models of tuberous sclerosis complex, the results presented here demonstrate a role for microglia in these deficits.

Dynamic features of placebo effects addressing persistent insomnia disorder: A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials.

It has been accepted knowledge that placebo effects have been significant in insomnia clinical trials. However, the dynamic features of placebo effects have not been clarified. Our aim was therefore to conduct a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials to characterize the dynamic features of placebo effects addressing persistent insomnia disorder.

High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Could Improve Impaired Working Memory Induced by Sleep Deprivation.

Objective: To investigate whether and how the working memory impairment induced by sleep deprivation (SD) could be recovered by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), as well as to clarify the corresponding brain activity changes.

Methods: Seventeen healthy adults received one session of 5.0 Hz rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) following 24 hours of SD.

Effect-size seed-based d mapping of resting-state fMRI for persistent insomnia disorder.

Background: Recently, several functional neuroimaging studies have been conducted in patients with persistent insomnia disorder, but these studies have yielded diverse findings. We aimed to identify convergence in function across the heterogeneity of patients, modalities, and methods for insomnia disorder by performing a quantitative coordinate-based meta-analysis.

Materials And Methods: We performed a quantitative, voxel-wise meta-analysis of resting-state fMRI studies using seed-based d mapping to find convergence of functional alterations in persistent insomnia disorder.

Efficacy and Placebo Response of Multimodal Treatments for Primary Insomnia: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and complementary therapy have been used for primary insomnia. However, the efficacy and placebo response are not exactly clear because of limited clinical data. We therefore conducted a systematic review to examine the efficacy and placebo response of multimodal treatments.

Biphasic feature of placebo response in primary insomnia: pooled analysis of data from randomized controlled clinical trials of orexin receptor antagonists.

Objectives: The placebo response to orexin receptor antagonists in primary insomnia is little-known. Our aim was, therefore, to conduct a systematic review of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials to characterize placebo response.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search for randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of orexin receptor antagonists addressing primary insomnia.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) fails to increase serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

Objectives: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal plasticity and in the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely used in neuropsychiatric disease. It is presumed that BDNF mediates the therapeutic benefits of rTMS, but previous results are contradictory.

Night or darkness, which intensifies the feeling of fear?

Nighttime fear is a phenomenon in which people feel more afraid of threats at night. Despite the vast amount of psychological research on nighttime fear, previous researchers have not accurately distinguished between "night" and "darkness", both of which play important roles in nighttime fear. We collected physiological (skin conductance response and heart rate) and psychological (self-report) data simultaneously to investigate the effects of "night" and "darkness" on fearful feelings and whether these effects were moderated by the mode of stimulus delivery (i.

N170 changes reflect competition between faces and identifiable characters during early visual processing.

According to the neuronal recycling hypothesis, brain circuits can gain new functions through cultural learning, which are distinct from their evolutionarily established functions, creating competition between processes such as facial and identifiable character processing. In the present study, event-related potential (ERP) recording was used to examine electrophysiological correlates of identification levels of Chinese characters as well as the competition between facial and Chinese character processing after the characters were learnt. Twenty volunteers performed a lateralized face detection task, and N170 responses were recorded when the participants viewed only Chinese characters (identifiable or unidentifiable in Xiaozhuan font), or Chinese characters and faces concurrently.

Shadow of Buddhism and Shintoism in neurosurgical practice in Japan.

Background: In Japan, almost all culture and civilization were introduced from abroad; in the past from China and now from U.S. and European countries, owing to her geographical features circumscribed by oceans and separated from the continents.