Utilization of the genus for genetic improvement of wheat.

The genus species are found predominantly in the Mediterranean region. They possess an array of agronomically essential traits, such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, high protein content, and better grain quality, and are thus a valuable genetic resources for wheat improvement. In recent decades, there has been significant progress in the development of wheat- genetic stocks, leading to the successful transfer of beneficial genes from into cultivated wheat.

A kinase fusion protein from Aegilops longissima confers resistance to wheat powdery mildew.

Many disease resistance genes have been introgressed into wheat from its wild relatives. However, reduced recombination within the introgressed segments hinders the cloning of the introgressed genes. Here, we have cloned the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm13, which is introgressed into wheat from Aegilops longissima, using a method that combines physical mapping with radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations and transcriptome sequencing analysis of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced loss-of-function mutants.

A major QTL simultaneously increases the number of spikelets per spike and thousand-kernel weight in a wheat line.

A novel and stably expressed QTL QSNS.sicau-SSY-7A for spikelet number per spike in wheat without negative effects on thousand-kernel weight was identified and validated in different genetic backgrounds. Spikelet number per spike (SNS) is an important determinant of yield in wheat.

Identification and validation of a locus for wheat maximum root length independent of parental reproductive environment.

Maximum root length (MRL) plays an important role in the uptake of nutrients and resisting abiotic stresses. Understanding the genetic mechanism of root development is of great significance for genetic improvement of wheat. Previous studies have confirmed that parental reproductive environment (PRE) has a significant impact on growth and development of the next generation in the whole life cycle of a given plant.

A major quantitative trait locus for wheat total root length associated with precipitation distribution.

Optimizing root system architecture (RSA) allows crops to better capture water and nutrients and adapt to harsh environment. Parental reproductive environment (PRE) has been reported to significantly affect growth and development throughout the life cycle of the next generation. In this study, 10 RSA-related traits were evaluated in seedling stage from five independent hydroponic tests using seeds harvested from five different PREs.

Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of the Wheat- T3DL·3V#3S Translocation Line with Resistance against Stripe Rust.

The annual species possesses several potentially valuable genes for the improvement of common wheat. Previously, we identified a new stripe rust-resistant line, the Chinese Spring (CS)- 3V#3 (3D) substitution line (named CD-3), and mapped its potential rust resistance gene (designated as ) on the 3V#3 chromosome originating from . The objective of the present study was to further narrow down the locus to a physical region and develop wheat-3V#3 introgression lines with strong stripe rust resistance.

Characterization of the Durum Wheat- 4D(4B) Disomic Substitution Line YL-443 With Superior Characteristics of High Yielding and Stripe Rust Resistance.

Durum wheat is one of the important food and cash crops. The main goals in current breeding programs are improving its low yield potential, kernel characteristics, and lack of resistance or tolerance to some biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a nascent synthesized hexaploid wheat Lanmai/AT23 is used as the female parent in crosses with its AB genome donor Lanmai.

Preferential Subgenome Elimination and Chromosomal Structural Changes Occurring in Newly Formed Tetraploid Wheat- Amphiploid (AABBDDNN).

Artificial allopolyploids derived from the genera and have been used as genetic resources for wheat improvement and are a classic example of evolution via allopolyploidization. In this study, we investigated chromosomes and subgenome transmission behavior in the newly formed allopolyploid of wheat group via multicolor Fluorescence hybridization (mc-FISH), using pSc119.2, pTa535, and (GAA) as probe combinations, to enabled us to precisely identify individual chromosomes in 381 S and S generations plants derived from reciprocal crosses between (DDNN) and (AABB).

Whole-Genome Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci and Race Specificity Related to Resistance Reduction in Winter Wheat Cultivar Eltan.

Winter wheat cultivar Eltan has been one of the most widely grown cultivars in the U.S. Pacific Northwest.

Molecular markers and cytogenetics to characterize a wheat-Dasypyrum villosum 3V (3D) substitution line conferring resistance to stripe rust.

Dasypyrum villosum has been used as a valuable gene resource for disease resistances, yield increase and quality improvement in wheat. A novel wheat-D. villosum alien introgression line CD-3 was generated through hybridization between the common wheat Chinese Spring (CS) and a CS- D.

Combination of all-stage and high-temperature adult-plant resistance QTL confers high-level, durable resistance to stripe rust in winter wheat cultivar Madsen.

Wheat cultivar Madsen has a new gene on the short arm of chromosome 1A and two QTL for all-stage resistance and three QTL for high-temperature adult-plant resistance that in combination confer high-level, durable resistance to stripe rust. Wheat cultivar Madsen has maintained a high-level resistance to stripe rust over 30 years. To map quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying the high-level, durable resistance, 156 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from cross Avocet S × Madsen were phenotyped with selected races of Puccinia striiformis f.

Isolation of two new retrotransposon sequences and development of molecular and cytological markers for Dasypyrum villosum (L.).

Dasypyrum villosum is a valuable genetic resource for wheat improvement. With the aim to efficiently monitor the D. villosum chromatin introduced into common wheat, two novel retrotransposon sequences were isolated by RAPD, and were successfully converted to D.

Identification of Novel Chromosomal Aberrations Induced by (60)Co-γ-Irradiation in Wheat-Dasypyrum villosum Lines.

Mutations induced by radiation are widely used for developing new varieties of plants. To better understand the frequency and pattern of irradiation-induced chromosomal rearrangements, we irradiated the dry seeds of Chinese Spring (CS)-Dasypyrum villosum nullisomic-tetrasomic (6A/6D) addition (6V) line (2n = 44), WD14, with (60)Co-γ-rays at dosages of 100, 200, and 300 Gy. The M₀ and M₁ generations were analyzed using Feulgen staining and non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) by using oligonucleotide probes.