Ghrelin protects against contact dermatitis and psoriasiform skin inflammation by antagonizing TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Contact dermatitis and psoriasis are skin disorders caused by immune dysregulation, yet much remains unknown about their underlying mechanisms. Ghrelin, a recently discovered novel peptide and potential endogenous anti-inflammatory factor expressed in the epidermis, is involved in skin repair and disease. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and therapeutic effect of ghrelin in both contact dermatitis and psoriasis mouse models induced by oxazolone (OXA) and imiquimod (IMQ), respectively, and in TNF-α-stimulated RAW264.

GDF11 antagonizes TNF-α-induced inflammation and protects against the development of inflammatory arthritis in mice.

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a key member of the TGF-β superfamily, plays critical roles in various medical conditions. Recently, GDF11 was found to suppress the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway and protect against inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the role of GDF11 in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Ghrelin protects against osteoarthritis through interplay with Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative disease characterized by degeneration in the joints and subsequent destruction of cartilage and bone, yet much remains to be elucidated regarding its molecular mechanism. Ghrelin is a recently discovered neuropeptide with anti-inflammatory actions, but it is unknown whether ghrelin is involved in OA. Human primary chondrocyte and cartilage samples were collected from patients with OA, and the expression pattern of ghrelin was assessed.

Low molecular weight xanthan gum for treating osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases and characterized by degradation of articular cartilage. We have previously reported xanthan gum (XG) injection preparation with high molecular weights (Mw) in ranging from 3×10Da to 5×10Da (HM-XG) could enhance the viscosity of synovial fluid, protect joint cartilage in rabbit, and the therapeutical effect has no significance difference with an existing clinical medication (sodium hyaluronate, SH) at the same injection frequency (once weekly for 5 weeks). Herein, we prepared a XG injection preparation with a low Mw (LM-XG) in ranging from 1×10Da to 1.

Improvement of Natamycin Production by Cholesterol Oxidase Overexpression in Streptomyces gilvosporeus.

Natamycin is a widely used antifungal antibiotic. For natamycin biosynthesis, the gene pimE encodes cholesterol oxidase, which acts as a signalling protein. To confirm the positive effect of the gene pimE on natamycin biosynthesis, an additional copy of the gene pimE was inserted into the genome of Streptomyces gilvosporeus 712 under the control of the ermE* promoter (permE*) using intergeneric conjugation.

Naringin Protects Against Cartilage Destruction in Osteoarthritis Through Repression of NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Naringin was previously reported as a multifunctional agent. Recently, naringin was found to play a protective role in various inflammatory conditions. However, the role of naringin in cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis (OA) progression is still unknown.

Xanthan gum protects rabbit articular chondrocytes against sodium nitroprusside-induced apoptosis in vitro.

We have previously reported that intra-articular injection of xanthan gum (XG) could significantly ameliorate the degree of joint cartilage degradation and pain in experimental osteoarthritis (OA) model in vivo. In this present study, we evaluated the protective effect of XG against Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced rabbit articular chondrocytes apoptosis in vitro. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were incubated with various concentrations of XG for 24h prior to 0.

Toward immunosuppressive effects on liver transplantation in rat model: tacrolimus loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide) nanoparticle with longer survival time.

In this study, tacrolimus (FK506) was encapsulated into a biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide) (MPEG-PLA) block copolymer using a double emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Drug loading (DL) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) can be changed by varying the mass ratio of FK506/MPEG-PLA. Furthermore, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Malvern Zetasizer were used to investigate the properties of FK506/MPEG-PLA nanoparticles (DL=9.

Therapeutic effect of an injectable sustained-release sinomenine hydrochloride and sodium hyaluronate compound in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis.

Background: While intra-articular injection of sinomenine hydrochloride has a therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis, it has a short half-life, and is thermolabile and photolabile. The aim of this research was to evaluate the sustained-release of sinomenine hydrochloride from an injectable sinomenine hydrochloride and sodium hyaluronate compound (CSSSI) and its therapeutic effect in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis following intra-articular injection.

Methods: An injectable compound consisting of 1% sodium hyaluronate and 2.

[Comparison study on knee osteoarthritis in rabbits induced by different concentrations of papain].

Objective: To compare the knee osteoarthritis (OA) models in rabbits by different concentrations of papain and provide data for exploring pathogenesis and treatments of this disease.

Methods: Sixty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of 15 each and given injections into the right knee on days 1, 3 and 5 including intra-articular injections of 2%, 5% or 10% (w/v) papain and 0.03 mol/L L-cysteine at the dose of 0.

The protective effect of xanthan gum on interleukin-1β induced rabbit chondrocytes.

We have previously shown that intra-articular injection of xanthan gum (XG) could protect the joint cartilage and reduce osteoarthritis progression. In this study, we investigated the preliminary cytotoxicity of XG on chondrocytes, evaluated the effects of XG on the proliferation and the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced rabbit chondrocytes. Primary rabbit chondrocytes were cultured.

Oral absorption of hyaluronic acid and phospholipids complexes in rats.

Aim: To prepare a complex of hyaluronic acid (HA) and phospholipids (PL), and study the improvement effect of PL on the oral absorption of HA.

Methods: The complex of HA-PL (named Haplex) was prepared by film dispersion and sonication method, its physico-chemical properties were identified by infrared spectra and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The oral absorption of Haplex was studied.