Phytochemical, Cytoprotective Profiling, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of in Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Experimental and Simulation Study.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by severe pain, inflammation, and joint deformity. Currently, it affects 1% of the population, with a projection to exceed 23 million cases by 2030. Despite significant advancements, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the first line of treatment, are associated with a range of adverse effects.

Albumin-To-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio as a New Early Predictive Marker of Axillary Response in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Pilot Study.

The Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase ratio (AAPR) is an easily applicable and cost-effective marker investigated as an outcome predictor in solid cancers. Preliminary evidence in breast cancer suggests that a low AAPR correlates with a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in primary tumors. However, data regarding the axillary response are lacking.

Mechanistic Insights and Molecular Diagnostics of TMPRSS2-ERG: Overview of the Journey from Regulation of Signaling Landscape in Fusion Positive Prostate Cancer to Appraisal as a Diagnostic Marker.

Chromosomal rearrangements and recurrent gene fusions were previously presumed to be the primary oncogenic mechanisms of hematological malignancies. However, the discovery of gene fusions in different cancers has opened new horizons to comprehensively investigate how cell type-specific fusion oncoproteins modulate signaling cascades. Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifaceted and therapeutically challenging disease, and functional genomics have helped us develop a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying prostate carcinogenesis, castration-resistant PCa, and metastasis.

Support Vector Machine Outperforms Other Machine Learning Models in Early Diagnosis of Dengue Using Routine Clinical Data.

There is a dire need for the establishment of active dengue surveillance to continuously detect cases, circulating serotypes, and determine the disease burden of dengue fever (DF) in the country and region. Predicting dengue PCR results using machine learning (ML) models represents a significant advancement in pre-emptive healthcare measures. This study outlines the comprehensive process of data preprocessing, model selection, and the underlying mechanisms of each algorithm employed to accurately predict dengue PCR outcomes.

Anti-metastatic Effects of Bee Venom and Melittin in Breast Cancer Cells by Upregulation of BRMS1 and DRG1 Genes.

Apitherapy has started to gain tremendous recognition because of extraordinary pharmacological importance of honeybee-related ingredients and their derivatives. There has been a renewed interest in the bee venom-based therapies. Interdisciplinary researchers are studying the chemistry and translational value of venom for effective cancer treatment.

Interplay between JAK/STAT pathway and non-coding RNAs in different cancers.

Progress in the identification of core multi-protein modules within JAK/STAT pathway has enabled researchers to develop a better understanding of the linchpin role of deregulated signaling cascade in carcinogenesis and metastasis. More excitingly, complex interplay between JAK/STAT pathway and non-coding RNAs has been shown to reprogramme the outcome of signaling cascade and modulate immunological responses within tumor microenvironment. Wealth of information has comprehensively illustrated that most of this complexity regulates the re-shaping of the immunological responses.

Role of melatonin in carcinogenesis and metastasis: From mechanistic insights to intermeshed networks of noncoding RNAs.

In recent years, seminal studies have been devoted to unraveling the puzzling mysteries associated with the cancer preventive/inhibitory role of melatonin. Our current knowledge of the translational mechanisms and the detailed structural insights have highlighted the characteristically exclusive role of melatonin in the inhibition of carcinogenesis and metastatic dissemination. This mini-review outlines recent discoveries related to mechanistic role of melatonin in prevention of carcinogenesis and metastasis.

Role of TRP channels in carcinogenesis and metastasis: Pathophysiology and regulation by non-coding RNAs.

In 2021, David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian received Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their ground-breaking discoveries in the functional characterization of receptors for temperature and touch. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have captivated tremendous appreciation as promising drug targets over the past few years because of central involvement in different cancers. Based on the insights gleaned from decades of high-quality research, basic and clinical scientists have unveiled how Transient receptor potential channels regulated cancer onset and progression.

Regulation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer drug resistance by galectin-1: cellular and molecular implications.

Oxidative stress is characterized by the deregulation of the redox state in the cells, which plays a role in the initiation of various types of cancers. The activity of galectin-1 (Gal-1) depends on the cell redox state and the redox state of the microenvironment. Gal-1 expression has been related to many different tumor types, as it plays important roles in several processes involved in cancer progression, such as apoptosis, cell migration, adhesion, and immune response.

Activation of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING): Promising Strategy to Overcome Immune Resistance in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent and second-lethal cancer among men. Despite considerable efforts to explore treatments like autologous cellular immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, their success remains limited. The intricate tumor microenvironment (TME) and its interaction with the immune system pose significant challenges in PCa treatment.

Navigating the brain: the role of exosomal shuttles in precision therapeutics.

Brain diseases have become one of the leading roots of mortality and disability worldwide, contributing a significant part of the disease burden on healthcare systems. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a primary physical and biological obstacle that allows only small molecules to pass through it. Its selective permeability is a significant challenge in delivering therapeutics into the brain for treating brain dysfunction.

Role of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-mediated signaling in carcinogenesis and metastasis.

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) mediated signaling has emerged as one of the most extensively studied cascades in cancer development and progression. Overwhelmingly increasing data obtained from preclinical and clinical studies has helped us to develop a near-complete resolution of PDGF/PDGFR signaling landscape. Phenotype- and genotype-driven studies have provided proof-of-concept that therapeutic targeting of PDGF/PDGFR signaling axis is necessary to improve clinical outcome.

Inhibition of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growth by melatonin: Studies with micro-CT.

Melatonin is a versatile indolamine synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland in response to the photoperiodic information received by the retinohypothalamic signaling pathway. Melatonin has many benefits, such as organizing circadian rhythms and acting as a powerful hormone. We aimed to show the antitumor effects of melatonin in both and models through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and the Argyrophilic Nucleolar Regulatory Region (AgNOR), using the Microcomputed Tomography (Micro CT).

Mutational and expressional association of the PIK3CA gene with the risk of breast cancer in the Pakistani population.

PI3K pathway is a very important pathway that is reported to be involved in breast cancer. Mutation of PI3K and p110 alpha-catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3CA) is of high predictive and prognostic values in breast cancer. The purpose of the current study was to screen the hotspot mutations of the PIK3CA gene i.

Special Issue on Cancer Smart Nanomedicine.

In this Special Issue entitled "", we have gathered high-quality contributions related to the fascinating field of nanomedicine [...

Opportunities and challenges of fucoidan for tumors therapy.

The large-scale collections, screening and discovery of biologically active and pharmacologically significant marine-derived natural products have garnered tremendous attraction. Edible brown algae are rich in fucoidan. Importantly, fucoidan has been reported to inhibit carcinogenesis and metastasis mainly through the regulation of deregulated cell signaling pathways.

Role of Ubiquitination and Epigenetics in the Regulation of AhR Signaling in Carcinogenesis and Metastasis: "Albatross around the Neck" or "Blessing in Disguise".

The molecular mechanisms and signal transduction cascades evoked by the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) are becoming increasingly understandable. AhR is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that integrates environmental, dietary and metabolic cues for the pleiotropic regulation of a wide variety of mechanisms. AhR mediates transcriptional programming in a ligand-specific, context-specific and cell-type-specific manner.

Identification of transcriptional level variations in microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 as alternate players in the thyroid cancer tumor microenvironment.

Thyroid cancer (TC) is caused by genetic factors and or their cross talk with lifestyle and environment. An important role of miRNA involvement has been identified in different human diseases alongside the cancer. The growing cloud of miRNA discoveries narrates miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 as key elements of ready arsenal in the cancer micro-niches.

The neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 inhibits proliferation and triggers apoptosis of oral cancer cells but not for normal cells.

Increased neddylation benefits the survival of several types of cancer cells. The inhibition of neddylation has the potential to exert anticancer effects but is rarely assessed in oral cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferation potential of a neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 (pevonedistat) for oral cancer cells.

Connection between Radiation-Regulating Functions of Natural Products and miRNAs Targeting Radiomodulation and Exosome Biogenesis.

Exosomes are cell-derived membranous structures primarily involved in the delivery of the payload to the recipient cells, and they play central roles in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Radiotherapy is a common cancer treatment that occasionally generates exosomal miRNA-associated modulation to regulate the therapeutic anticancer function and side effects. Combining radiotherapy and natural products may modulate the radioprotective and radiosensitizing responses of non-cancer and cancer cells, but there is a knowledge gap regarding the connection of this combined treatment with exosomal miRNAs and their downstream targets for radiation and exosome biogenesis.

Unraveling the Complex Web of Mechanistic Regulation of Versatile NEDD4 Family by Non-Coding RNAs in Carcinogenesis and Metastasis: From Cell Culture Studies to Animal Models.

Discoveries related to an intriguing feature of ubiquitination have prompted a detailed analysis of the ubiquitination patterns in malignant cells. How the "ubiquitinome" is reshaped during multistage carcinogenesis has garnered significant attention. Seminal studies related to the structural and functional characterization of NEDD4 (Neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated-4) have consolidated our understanding at a new level of maturity.

Linkage disequilibrium block single-nucleotide polymorphisms in FTO alpha ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase gene inference with breast cancer and Type II diabetes in Pakistani female population.

Breast Cancer and Diabetes Mellitus are top ranked non-communicable life threatening diseases concerned in South Asia. The growing scientific clues witness the involvement of genetic variations which readily serve as risk factors for the disease onset. Comprehending the association of genetic predictors and risk factors in the conserved genome regions can help reveal underlying disease genetics and identify the sustained druggable targets.

Variants in FREM1 and trisomy 18 identified in a neonatal progeria patient.

Background: Neonatal progeroid disorders are rare disorders with clinical features including low body mass index, proptosis, aged and dysmorphic facial features at the time of birth, prominent veins, sparse scalp hairs, and severe growth retardation. Very few cases have been identified with an unknown genetic cause. Here, we report clinical and genetic findings of a proband with hallmark features of neonatal progeria.