Refining Established Practices for Research Question Definition to Foster Interdisciplinary Research Skills in a Digital Age: Consensus Study With Nominal Group Technique.

Background: The increased use of digital data in health research demands interdisciplinary collaborations to address its methodological complexities and challenges. This often entails merging the linear deductive approach of health research with the explorative iterative approach of data science. However, there is a lack of structured teaching courses and guidance on how to effectively and constructively bridge different disciplines and research approaches.

Patient and public involvement in academic clinical research in Switzerland - a mixed methods study.

Background: While patient and public involvement (PPI) in clinical research contributes substantially to research ethics, feasibility and quality, the uptake and implementation of PPI-based approaches in Switzerland remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the current state and acceptance of PPI in academic clinical research in Switzerland, with the goal of developing recommendations for its future implementation and development.

Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted to assess the current landscape and acceptance of PPI in academic clinical research across different stakeholder groups in Switzerland.

Ethical challenges in conducting maternal-fetal surgery trials. A systematic review.

Objective: To present the ethical challenges embedded in published maternal-fetal surgery (MFS) trials and their potential solutions.

Method: Systematic review of normative and empirical literature. We selected articles based on predefined inclusion criteria.

Navigating the Ethical Landscape of the Artificial Placenta: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aims at presenting the ethical debate on the artificial placenta (AP) by identifying, distinguishing, and organizing the different ethical arguments described in the literature. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria: discussing ethical arguments, on AP, written in English. QUAGOL methodology was used for analysis.

The role of social justice in triage revisited: a threshold conception.

Saving as many lives as possible while ensuring equity for vulnerable groups through access to triage resources has been the dominant position since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. However, the exact relationship between the principles of social justice and efficiency remains a controversial and unresolved issue. In this paper, we aim to systematically distinguish between different models of this relationship and show that conceptualizing social justice as a 'moral side-constraint' or adopting a 'balancing approach' that attempt to reconcile social justice with efficiency inevitably lead to significant moral costs that require further justification.

Academic vs. industry-sponsored trials: A global survey on differences, similarities, and future improvements.

Background: Clinical research is marked by its multifaceted nature, presenting a multitude of different approaches, designs, and objectives that can complicate the planning, initiation, and conduct of clinical trials. The role and organisation of the sponsor institution are pivotal in this context. We aimed to investigate possible challenges and needs, including their underlying factors, for academia and industry during the set-up and conduct of clinical trials.

Loss of a Parent in Disney and Pixar Films: What We Can Learn?

Early parental loss is a tragic experience for children causing complex reactions to the loss. Providing a supportive environment where they can express their feelings is crucial to help them cope with this challenging experience. This study analyses the depiction of parental death in animated films by Disney and Pixar using a multimethod design and including the QUAGOL approach.

Soliciting Diaries for "Real-Time" Insights Into the COVID-19 Pandemic: Methodological Reflections on Using Digital Technologies to Engage the Public.

Objectives: To discuss the opportunities and challenges of the qualitative solicited diary approach using digital technologies as an innovative way to access insights into people's lives and their unique stories in times of COVID-19-related social distancing in Switzerland.

Methods: This case study provides reflective arguments from a social science perspective for the selection of different (digital) diary designs to optimize data collection in the SNSF-funded project "PubliCo - an experimental online platform for COVID-19-related public perception."

Results: The findings highlight some opportunities of using (digital) diaries, such as empowering participants, gathering real-time data, and ethical and methodological challenges when it comes to gaining access to alternative narratives.

Exploring patient perspective: using narrative DIPEx interviews and the ICF model for interprofessional learning.

Introduction: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) has been widely adopted in academic health profession education and is part of bachelor curricula since its introduction by the WHO in 2001. In this context, interprofessional exchange among health professionals from a biopsychosocial perspective has become increasingly important and is now a key part of bachelor's program curricula to learn with, about, and from each other regarding students' curiosity about interprofessional collaboration (IPC). This pilot study describes initial teaching experiences within an interprofessional elective module for health professions focused on patient-centeredness.

The Dual Nature of AI in Information Dissemination: Ethical Considerations.

Infodemics pose significant dangers to public health and to the societal fabric, as the spread of misinformation can have far-reaching consequences. While artificial intelligence (AI) systems have the potential to craft compelling and valuable information campaigns with positive repercussions for public health and democracy, concerns have arisen regarding the potential use of AI systems to generate convincing disinformation. The consequences of this dual nature of AI, capable of both illuminating and obscuring the information landscape, are complex and multifaceted.

Ethical concerns in caring for persons with anorexia nervosa: content analysis of a series of documentations from ethics consultations.

Background: Caring for patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with high levels of moral distress among healthcare professionals. The main moral conflict has been posited to be between applying coercion to prevent serious complications such as premature death and accepting treatment refusals. However, empirical evidence on this topic is scarce.

Psychosocial Support for Parents, Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Variations of Sex Characteristics: Results from a Pan-European Survey.

Early psychosocial support for parents/legal guardians who have children with variations of sex characteristics (VSCs) is crucial in helping avoid potentially harmful medical procedures. Psychosocial support, including peer support, can help parents/legal guardians choose the best care path for their child, and it remains important throughout childhood. However, there is a lack of data on the provision of psychosocial support for families with a child who has VSCs.

TopicTracker - An advanced software pipeline for text mining on PubMed data: Bridging the gap between off-the-shelf tools and code based approaches.

Background: The ever-increasing volume of academic literature necessitates efficient and sophisticated tools for researchers to analyze, interpret, and uncover trends. Traditional search methods, while valuable, often fail to capture the nuance and interconnectedness of vast research domains.

Results: TopicTracker, a novel software tool, addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive solution from querying PubMed databases to creating intricate semantic network maps.

Ethical Considerations in Infodemic Management: Systematic Scoping Review.

Background: During health emergencies, effective infodemic management has become a paramount challenge. A new era marked by a rapidly changing information ecosystem, combined with the widespread dissemination of misinformation and disinformation, has magnified the complexity of the issue. For infodemic management measures to be effective, acceptable, and trustworthy, a robust framework of ethical considerations is needed.

Disruptive Technologies and Open Science: How Open Should Open Science Be? A 'Third Bioethics' Ethical Framework.

This paper investigates the ethical implications of applying open science (OS) practices on disruptive technologies, such as generative AIs. Disruptive technologies, characterized by their scalability and paradigm-shifting nature, have the potential to generate significant global impact, and carry a risk of dual use. The tension arises between the moral duty of OS to promote societal benefit by democratizing knowledge and the risks associated with open dissemination of disruptive technologies.

Practices and Barriers in Developing and Disseminating Plain-Language Resources Reporting Medical Research Information: A Scoping Review.

Background: The intent of plain-language resources (PLRs) reporting medical research information is to advance health literacy among the general public and enable them to participate in shared decision-making (SDM). Regulatory mandates coupled with academic and industry initiatives have given rise to an increasing volume of PLRs summarizing medical research information. However, there is significant variability in the quality, format, readability, and dissemination channels for PLRs.

International consensus on sleep problems in pediatric palliative care: Paving the way.

Objective: Sleep problems constitute a common and heterogeneous complaint in pediatric palliative care (PPC), where they often contribute to disease morbidity and cause additional distress to children and adolescents and their families already facing the burden of life-threatening and life-limiting conditions. Despite the significant impact of sleep problems, clinical evidence is lacking. The application of general pediatric sleep recommendations appears insufficient to address the unique challenges of the PPC dimension in terms of disease variability, duration, comorbidities, complexity of needs, and particular features of sleep problems related to hospice care.

Palliative psychiatry: research, clinical, and educational priorities.

Background: Palliative psychiatry has been proposed as a new clinical construct within mental health care and aims to improve quality of life (QoL) for individuals experiencing severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). To date, explorations of palliative psychiatry have been largely theoretical, and more work is needed to develop its approaches into tangible clinical practice.

Methods: In this paper, we synthesize existing literature with discussions held at a one-day knowledge user meeting titled "A Community of Practice for Palliative Psychiatry" to generate priorities for research, clinical practice, and education that will help advance the development of palliative psychiatry.

Scoping review of end-of-life care for persons with anorexia nervosa.

Background: End-of-life (EOL) care is the part of palliative care intended for persons nearing death. In anorexia nervosa (AN), providing EOL care instead of coercing life-sustaining measures is controversial. The existing literature has not been synthesized yet.