Lipophilic Metabolites from Five-Needle Pines, Pinus armandii and Pinus kwangtungensis, Exhibiting Antibacterial Activity.

Lipophilic extractive metabolites from needles and defoliated twigs of Pinus armandii and P. kwangtungensis were studied by GC/MS. Needles of P.

Arctic avian predators synchronise their spring migration with the northern progression of snowmelt.

Migratory species display a range of migration patterns between irruptive (facultative) to regular (obligate), as a response to different predictability of resources. In the Arctic, snow directly influences resource availability. The causes and consequences of different migration patterns of migratory species as a response to the snow conditions remains however unexplored.

Correction to: Status and trends of circumpolar peregrine falcon and gyrfalcon populations.

While collating contributions and comments from 36 researchers, the coordinating authors accidentally omitted Dr. Suzanne Carrière from the list of contributing co-authors. Dr.

Status and trends of circumpolar peregrine falcon and gyrfalcon populations.

The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) are top avian predators of Arctic ecosystems. Although existing monitoring efforts are well established for both species, collaboration of activities among Arctic scientists actively involved in research of large falcons in the Nearctic and Palearctic has been poorly coordinated. Here we provide the first overview of Arctic falcon monitoring sites, present trends for long-term occupancy and productivity, and summarize information describing abundance, distribution, phenology, and health of the two species.

Global Phylogeographic and Admixture Patterns in Grey Wolves and Genetic Legacy of An Ancient Siberian Lineage.

The evolutionary relationships between extinct and extant lineages provide important insight into species' response to environmental change. The grey wolf is among the few Holarctic large carnivores that survived the Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions, responding to that period's profound environmental changes with loss of distinct lineages and phylogeographic shifts, and undergoing domestication. We reconstructed global genome-wide phylogeographic patterns in modern wolves, including previously underrepresented Siberian wolves, and assessed their evolutionary relationships with a previously genotyped wolf from Taimyr, Siberia, dated at 35 Kya.

Zelentsoviella jugorica gen. nov, sp. nov., a new Orthocladiinae from Russian Arctic (Diptera, Chironomidae).

Zelentsoviella n. gen. is erected based on the male of Z.

Geographical distribution and hosts of the cestode Paranoplocephala omphalodes (Hermann, 1783) Lühe, 1910 in Russia and adjacent territories.

Paranoplocephala omphalodes is a widespread parasite of voles. Low morphological variability within the genus Paranoplocephala has led to erroneous identification of P. omphalodes a wide range of definitive hosts.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 868-950.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , and on leaves, , and on leaves, and on leaves, on leaves, on litter of regenerating subtropical rainforest, (incl. gen. nov.

Larval spirurids in a supralittoral amphipod in the north-east of Russia and the identification of the intermediate host of (Spirurida: Acuariidae), parasitic in a tundra vole.

The supralittoral amphipod Traskorchestia ditmari (Derzhavin, 1923) was identified as the intermediate host for Antechiniella septentrionalis Ivanova, Dokuchaev & Spiridonov, 2019, a parasite of the tundra vole Microtus oeconomus and Skrjabinocerca sp. (both Spirurida: Acuariidae) in Magadan Oblast in north-eastern Russia. Joint infection by both larval spirurids was not observed.

Cold-Hardiness of the Common Spadefoot Pelobates Fuscus (Pelobatidae, Anura, Amphibia).

Background: Pelobates fuscus is an anuran amphibian that overwinters on land deep in soil, including regions with low sub-zero temperatures. It is not yet known if such behaviour can be explained by low cold-hardiness of the species.

Objective: To measure cold-hardiness of P.

Encapsulation of the Acanthocephalan (Rudolphi, 1802) LÜHE, 1904, in the Intermediate Host .

We describe the thin and ultra-thin structures of the envelopes surrounding the cystacanth of (Rudolphi, 1802) Lühe, 1904, in its intermediate host. A total of 4,357 amphipods from 2 species were examined: (Brandt, 1851) and (Brandt, 1851). Eleven corynosome cystacanths were found in 6 specimens.

Insights into matrilineal genetic structure, differentiation and ancestry of Armenians based on complete mitogenome data.

Distinctive peculiarities of Armenians such as their millennia-long genetic isolation and strong national identity attract a keen interest while studying the demographic history of the West Asia. Here, to examine their fine-scale matrilineal genetic structure, ancestry and relationships with neighboring populations, we analyzed 536 complete mitogenomes (141 of which are novel) from 8 geographically different Armenian populations, covering the whole stretch of historical Armenia. The observed patterns highlight a remarkable degree of matrilineal genetic heterogeneity and weak population structuring of Armenians.

Documenting lemming population change in the Arctic: Can we detect trends?

Lemmings are a key component of tundra food webs and changes in their dynamics can affect the whole ecosystem. We present a comprehensive overview of lemming monitoring and research activities, and assess recent trends in lemming abundance across the circumpolar Arctic. Since 2000, lemmings have been monitored at 49 sites of which 38 are still active.

Mechanisms of soil macrofauna community sustainability in temperate rice-growing systems.

Rice growing requires highly destructive and highly invasive field management negatively affecting soil biota and its functions. We aimed to compare taxonomic and functional trait compositions of soil macrofauna at different stages of rice cropping cycles in the three temperate rice-growing regions in Russia. Samples were collected in 2016 at four different biotopes in each region: flooded rice paddies; upland crops planted one year after flooded rice; rice paddy bunds; and relatively undisturbed seminatural control grasslands.

Comment on "Global pattern of nest predation is disrupted by climate change in shorebirds".

Kubelka (Reports, 9 November 2018, p. 680) claim that climate change has disrupted patterns of nest predation in shorebirds. They report that predation rates have increased since the 1950s, especially in the Arctic.

Muskox status, recent variation, and uncertain future.

Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are an integral component of Arctic biodiversity. Given low genetic diversity, their ability to respond to future and rapid Arctic change is unknown, although paleontological history demonstrates adaptability within limits. We discuss status and limitations of current monitoring, and summarize circumpolar status and recent variations, delineating all 55 endemic or translocated populations.

The Siberian wood frog survives for months underwater without oxygen.

Few of the amphibian species that occur in the Subarctic and in mountains are adapted to low sub-zero temperatures; most of these species overwinter underwater. It is believed that the distribution of the species that overwinter underwater can be limited by the low oxygen levels in waterbodies covered with ice. We show that the colonisation of the coldest areas of Northern Asia (to 71°N) by the Siberian wood frog (Rana amurensis) was facilitated by a unique adaptation, the ability to survive extreme hypoxia - and probably anoxia - in waterbodies during overwintering.

Evolutionary Changes in the Content of Dehydrogenase System Metabolites as a Mechanism of Adaptation to Cold in Higher Vertebrates.

It has been found that the optimal body balance control under the conditions of the adaptation to cold is mostly determined by the ratio of the blood concentrations of endogenous ethanol and acetaldehyde related to the activities of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase in the order of increasing level of adaptation: higher vertebrates unadapted to cold, including human → small animals adapted to cold → large animals adapted to cold native to the North → hibernators, regardless of the species specificity and the environment.

Ten grams and 13,000 km on the wing - route choice in willow warblers migrating from Far East Russia to East Africa.

Background: High-latitude bird migration has evolved after the last glaciation, in less than 10,000-15,000 years. Migrating songbirds rely on an endogenous migratory program, encoding timing, fueling, and routes, but it is still unknown which compass mechanism they use on migration. We used geolocators to track the migration of willow warblers () from their eastern part of the range in Russia to wintering areas in sub-Saharan Africa.

Whole mitochondrial genome diversity in two Hungarian populations.

Complete mitochondrial genomics is an effective tool for studying the demographic history of human populations, but there is still a deficit of mitogenomic data in European populations. In this paper, we present results of study of variability of 80 complete mitochondrial genomes in two Hungarian populations from eastern part of Hungary (Szeged and Debrecen areas). The genetic diversity of Hungarian mitogenomes is remarkably high, reaching 99.