First detection and diversity of astroviruses in wild migratory birds of Sakhalin Island, North Pacific.

Researchers have identified Avastrovirus as a significant genus of bird viruses, linked to various avian diseases such as enteritis, growth retardation, nephritis and hepatitis. These infections can cause substantial economic losses in agrocultureand have a widespread impact on global food production. Although there have been numerous studies on these viruses, most of them-mainly focuses on poultry.

Review of archaic nymphomyiids (Diptera, Nymphomyiidae) of the Russian Far East and bordering territories, with describing of new taxa and DNA barcoding of known species.

Nymphomyiidae from the Russian Far East and bordering territories are revised, including data on taxonomy, redescriptions, and results of DNA barcoding. Nymphomyia orientalis sp. nov.

A comparative morphology of trichobothrial bases in araneoid spiders and its significance for the phylogeny and system of the superfamily Araneoidea (Arachnida, Araneae).

Bothrial morphology was studied by SEM in 137 araneoid genera representing all 22 currently recognized extant families and all 42 conventional subfamilies of the Araneoidea. The ancestral type in the superfamily Araneoidea is a 'hooded' bothrium with a single well-developed transverse ridge, dividing its proximal and distal plates ('-type'); the advanced type is a solid dome-like bothrium without vestiges of the ridge ('-type'); there are several intermediate types reflecting various pathways and stages of the ridge reduction (united here as '-type'). The parallel trends in bothrial evolution, recognized as continuous series from the ancestral type up to the advanced one through some intermediate stages, are distinguished in each of the seven main phylogenetic lineages of the superfamily: 'tetragnathoids', 'araneoids', 'cyatholipoids', and 'theridioids' possess a complete set of the three types, while 'malkariods', 'symphytognathoids'.

Genetic aspects of lactase deficiency in indigenous populations of Siberia.

The ability to metabolize lactose in adulthood is associated with the persistence of lactase enzyme activity. In European populations, lactase persistence is determined mainly by the presence of the rs4988235-T variant in the MCM6 gene, which increases the expression of the LCT gene, encoding lactase. The highest rates of lactase persistence are characteristic of Europeans, and the lowest rates are found in East Asian populations.

Earthworm (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) intraspecific genetic variation and polyploidy.

Earthworms are known for their intricate systematics and a diverse range of reproduction modes, including outcrossing, self-fertilization, parthenogenesis, and some other modes, which can occasionally coexist in a single species. Moreover, they exhibit considerable intraspecific karyotype diversity, with ploidy levels varying from di- to decaploid, as well as high genetic variation. In some cases, a single species may exhibit significant morphological variation, contain several races of different ploidy, and harbor multiple genetic lineages that display significant divergence in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.

Viviparity is associated with larger female size and higher sexual size dimorphism in a reproductively bimodal lizard.

Squamate reptiles are central for studying phenotypic correlates of evolutionary transitions from oviparity to viviparity because these transitions are numerous, with many of them being recent. Several models of life-history theory predict that viviparity is associated with increased female size, and thus more female-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Yet, the corresponding empirical evidence is overall weak and inconsistent.

Genetic Features of Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Arctic Peoples.

Prolonged adaptation of ancestors of indigenous peoples of the Far North of Asia and America to extreme natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic has resulted in changes in genes controlling various metabolic processes. However, most genetic variability observed in the Eskimo and Paleoasians (the Chukchi and Koryaks) is related to adaptation to the traditional Arctic diet, which is rich in lipids and proteins but extremely poor in plant carbohydrates. The results of population genetic studies have demonstrated that specific polymorphic variants in genes related to lipid metabolism (, , , and ) and carbohydrate metabolism (, , and ) are prevalent in the Eskimo and Paleoasian peoples.

Three-dimensional genome architecture persists in a 52,000-year-old woolly mammoth skin sample.

Analyses of ancient DNA typically involve sequencing the surviving short oligonucleotides and aligning to genome assemblies from related, modern species. Here, we report that skin from a female woolly mammoth (†Mammuthus primigenius) that died 52,000 years ago retained its ancient genome architecture. We use PaleoHi-C to map chromatin contacts and assemble its genome, yielding 28 chromosome-length scaffolds.

Semibalanus balanoides (L.) and Balanus crenatus Bruguière (Balanidae) Are Intermediate Hosts of Fimbriarioides intermedia (Fuhrmann, 1913) and Two Species of the Genus Microsomacanthus (Cestoda: Hymenolepidae), Parasites of Sea Ducks from the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic and Northern Pacific.

Metacestode infestation of Semibalanus balanoides (L., 1767) and Balanus crenatus Bruguiеre, 1789, collected in the Barents and White Seas and in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk in 2020 and 2021, respectively, was studied. A total of 313 S.

Organization of the Nuclei in the Tegument of Some Palaeacanthocephala and Archiacanthocephala.

The giant tegument nuclei of the acanthocephalans of the classes Archiacanthocephala and Palaeacanthocephala are fragmented at the final stage of cystacanthus formation in the intermediate host, but remain connected with each other during later life. It can be assumed that the fragments of each giant tegument nucleus are united with each other to form an independent network that ensures the vital activity of the tegument, the volume of which increases many times during the period of intensive growth of the parasite in the definitive host.

Cestode diversity in shrews from islands in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk.

A comparative analysis of taxonomic diversity on shrew cestodes among four islands in the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk (Sakhalin, Kunashir, Hokkaido, and Moneron) was performed. Cestode species shared among the islands were identified and their host specificity was investigated. On Sakhalin Island, 33 species of the families Hymenolepididae, Dilepididae and Mesocestoididae were recorded in four shrew species (, , and ).

[Genetics of sucrose metabolism disorders in different population groups].

The study of the genetic determinants of the disaccharidase activity opens up new prospects for improving diagnostics and choosing medical tactics in gastroenterology. of the study was to systematize the data on the role of the sucrase-isomaltase gene (SI) in regulating sucrose metabolism and the contribution of SI mutations to the prevalence of sucrose malabsorption disorders (sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, SID) and certain forms of enterological pathology in different population groups. .

Why do avian responses to change in Arctic green-up vary?

Global climate change has altered the timing of seasonal events (i.e., phenology) for a diverse range of biota.

The Impact of Long-Term Hypoxia on the Antioxidant Defense System in the Siberian Frog Rana amurensis.

The Siberian frog Rana amurensis has a uniquely high tolerance to hypoxia among amphibians, as it is able to withstand several months underwater with almost no oxygen (0.2 mg/liter) vs. several days for other studied species.

A new monotypic genus of cobweb spiders from the Russian Far East (Araneae, Theridiidae).

A new theridiid spider, , is described from the Kuril Islands (Kunashir). The new genus belongs to the ' clade (clade 24)' of Agnarsson (2004). A pair of raised, fused setal sockets on the cheliceral promargin adjacent to the fang base was found to be another synapomorphy of all the 'distal theridiids' (the 'elongated central claw clade (clade 33)': argyrodins, ' clade' and theridiins).

Genetic history of the Koryaks and Evens of the Magadan region based on Y chromosome polymorphism data.

In order to clarify the history of gene pool formation of the indigenous populations of the Northern Priokhotye (the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk), Y-chromosome polymorphisms were studied in the Koryaks and Evens living in the Magadan region. The results of the study showed that the male gene pool of the Koryaks is represented by haplogroups C-B90-B91, N-B202, and Q-B143, which are also widespread in other peoples of Northeastern Siberia, mainly of Paleo-Asiatic origin. High frequency of haplogroup C-B80, typical of other Tungus-Manchurian peoples, is characteristic of the Evens of the Magadan region.

Insufficient Cold Resistance as a Possible Reason for the Absence of Darkling Beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) in Pleistocene Sediments of Siberia.

The level of diversity and abundance of darkling beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) is the main difference between the late Pleistocene and modern insect faunas of arid regions. In the Pleistocene assemblages they are extremely rare, whereas in the modern ones they predominate. It is assumed that the reason for their rarity in fossil entomological complexes is their lack of cold resistance.

A Machine-Learning-Based Approach to Prediction of Biogeographic Ancestry within Europe.

Data obtained with the use of massive parallel sequencing (MPS) can be valuable in population genetics studies. In particular, such data harbor the potential for distinguishing samples from different populations, especially from those coming from adjacent populations of common origin. Machine learning (ML) techniques seem to be especially well suited for analyzing large datasets obtained using MPS.

Tegument Ultrastructure and Morphology of the Capsule Surrounding the Tetrathyridia of the Genus Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863 in the Liver of the Root Vole.

The ultrastructure of the tegument of encapsulated tetrathyridia of the genus Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863 (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Mesocestoididae) from the liver of root voles Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776) and the structure of the three-layered capsule surrounding them were studied for the first time. Several types of extracellular structures were noted on the surface of the tetrathyridia tegument: vesicles, fine granular material, and vacuoles. In addition, the phenomenon of shedding microtriches, which have expanded parts, was found.

[A Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genome Mutation Spectra in Human Populations].

Nucleotide sequence variability of whole mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) was analyzed and mutation spectra were reconstructed (by L-chain of mtDNA) in four regional groups of indigenous populations representing Northeastern and Southern Siberia, Western Asia, and the Americas. The pyrimidine transitions were found to be predominant in all groups; of these, the T→C substitutions were most frequent. The second most common in all regional groups (except Northeastern Siberia) are A→G substitutions.

n. sp. from shrews on Sakhalin Island, Russia, with an amended diagnosis of Neoskrjabinolepis Spassky, 1947 (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae), a key, and a review on geographical distribution of the species.

A taxonomic review was performed on cestodes of the genus Spassky, 1947 that parasitize different species of shrews in different regions of the northern Palearctic and in the Nearctic (Alaska, USA). Information on Palearctic cestodes published in various articles is summarized. An overview of the geographical distribution of the species is also presented.