UAV-Based Hyperspectral Monitoring Using Push-Broom and Snapshot Sensors: A Multisite Assessment for Precision Viticulture Applications.

Hyperspectral aerial imagery is becoming increasingly available due to both technology evolution and a somewhat affordable price tag. However, selecting a proper UAV + hyperspectral sensor combo to use in specific contexts is still challenging and lacks proper documental support. While selecting an UAV is more straightforward as it mostly relates with sensor compatibility, autonomy, reliability and cost, a hyperspectral sensor has much more to be considered.

Plant-scale biogas production prediction based on multiple hybrid machine learning technique.

The parameters from full-scale biogas plants are highly nonlinear and imbalanced, resulting in low prediction accuracy when using traditional machine learning algorithms. In this study, a hybrid extreme learning machine (ELM) model was proposed to improve prediction accuracy by solving imbalanced data. The results showed that the best ELM model had a good prediction for validation data (R = 0.

Global meta-analysis of soil hydraulic properties on the same soils with differing land use.

Global land use change has resulted in more pasture and cropland, largely at the expense of woodlands, over the last 300 years. How this change affects soil hydraulic function with regard to feedbacks to the hydrological cycle is unclear for earth system modelling (ESM). Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) used to predict soil hydraulic conductivity (K) take no account of land use.

Farmer surveys in Europe suggest that specialized, intensive farms were more likely to perceive negative impacts from COVID-19.

Unlabelled: It has been shown that the COVID-19 pandemic affected some agricultural systems more than others, and even within geographic regions, not all farms were affected to the same extent. To build resilience of agricultural systems to future shocks, it is key to understand which farms were affected and why. In this study, we examined farmers' perceived robustness to COVID-19, a key resilience capacity.

Effects of Post-Harvest Elicitor Treatments with Ultrasound, UV- and Photosynthetic Active Radiation on Polyphenols, Glucosinolates and Antioxidant Activity in a Waste Fraction of White Cabbage ( var. ).

Biosynthesis of phytochemicals in leaves of can be initiated by abiotic factors. The aim of the study was to investigate elicitor treatments to add value to waste of cabbage. A leaf waste fraction from industrial trimming of head cabbage was exposed to UV radiation (250-400 nm, 59 and 99 kJ∙m, respectively), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm, 497 kJ∙m), and ultrasound in water bath (35 kHz, at 15, 30 and 61 kJ∙l water), in order to improve nutraceutical concentration.

Long term effect of biochar on soil plant water relation and fine roots: Results after 10 years of vineyard experiment.

Biochar is widely suggested to improve soil physical properties and soil-water-plant interactions. Furthermore, the application of biochar to the soil can alter the dynamics of the roots and, in turn, affect the performance of the plant. Nevertheless, the long-term evolution of these effects is unknown and of critical importance because biochar persists in soil for centuries.

Development of a Decision Support System for the Management of Mummy Berry Disease in Northwestern Washington.

Mummy berry, caused by , is the most important disease of the northern highbush blueberry ( L.) in North America and can cause up to 70% yield losses in affected fields. A key event in the mummy berry disease cycle is the primary infection phase where ascospores are released by apothecia that infect emerging floral and vegetative tissues.

Litter-derived nitrogen reduces methane uptake in tropical rainforest soils.

Litter comprises a major nutrient source when decomposed via soil microbes and functions as subtract that limits gas exchange between soil and atmosphere, thereby restricting methane (CH4) uptake in soils. However, the impact and inherent mechanism of litter and its decomposition on CH4 uptake in soils remains unknown in forest. Therefore, to declare the mechanisms of litter input and decomposition effect on the soil CH4 flux in forest, this study performed a litter-removal experiment in a tropical rainforest, and investigated the effects of litter input and decomposition on the CH4 flux among forest ecosystems through a literature review.

Flavonoid biosynthesis is differentially altered in detached and attached ripening bilberries in response to spectral light quality.

Light spectral quality is known to affect flavonoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening. However, the response of fruits to different light conditions, when ripening autonomously from the parent plant (detached), has been less explored. In this study, we analyzed the effect of light quality on detached and naturally ripening (attached) non-climacteric wild bilberry ( L.

Inhibition of the mA reader IGF2BP2 as a strategy against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignant leukemia with extremely limited treatment for relapsed patients. N6-methyladenosine (mA) reader insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) participates in the initiation and growth of cancers by communicating with various targets. Here, we found IGF2BP2 was highly expressed in T-ALL.

The Effects of LED Light Spectra and Intensities on Plant Growth.

Light is an electromagnetic radiation that occurs in a narrow range of over an extremely wide range of wavelengths, from gamma rays with wavelengths to radio waves measured in meters [...

Real-time air concentrations and turbulent fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over historic closed landfills to assess their potential environmental impact.

For the first time, emission/deposition fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and HS from a historic closed landfill site in Southern Italy were determined by Eddy Covariance (EC) using Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). This was done in two field campaigns of one week performed in July and October 2016, where fluxes of CO and CH were also measured. Many compounds not previously identified in the biogas were detected by PTR-TOF-MS, but only in July some of them produced positive fluxes exceeding the flux limit of detection.

Polyphenolics and Chemical Profiles of Domestic Norwegian Apple ( × Borkh.) Cultivars.

Using modern analytical techniques, a comprehensive study of the chemical composition of fruits from apple cultivars grown in Western Norway during 2019 and 2020 was done. Metals, sugars, organic acids, antioxidant tests, and polyphenol content have been observed. In all investigated samples, the most dominant sugars were glucose, fructose, and sucrose.

The Coordinated Action of MYB Activators and Repressors Controls Proanthocyanidin and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in .

berries are regarded as "superfoods" owing to their high concentrations of anthocyanins, flavonoid metabolites that provide pigmentation and positively affect human health. Anthocyanin localization differs between the fruit of cultivated highbush blueberry () and wild bilberry (), with the latter having deep red flesh coloration. Analysis of comparative transcriptomics across a developmental series of blueberry and bilberry fruit skin and flesh identified candidate anthocyanin regulators responsible for this distinction.

Species-Level Differences in Osmoprotectants and Antioxidants Contribute to Stress Tolerance of L., and L. Seedlings under Water Deficit and High Temperatures.

The general aim of this work was to compare the leaf-level responses of different protective components to water deficit and high temperatures in L. and L. Several biochemical components of the osmotic adjustment and antioxidant system were investigated together with changes in hormones.

Workers' Perception Heat Stress: Results from a Pilot Study Conducted in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020.

Many workers are exposed to the effects of heat and often to extreme temperatures. Heat stress has been further aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic by the use of personal protective equipment to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, workers' risk perception of heat stress is often low, with negative effects on their health and productivity.

Nutritional values of forage-legume-based silages and protein concentrates for growing pigs.

In organic pig production systems, one of the main challenges is to meet the demand for resources rich in protein. Among the resources available, temperate green plants, such as forage legumes, are potential sources of energy and protein. The aim of the study was to determine the nutritional value of silages (S) from the whole plant of lucerne (L) and red clover (R) and protein pastes (PPs) obtained from L and R leaves.

Plot size matters: Toward comparable species richness estimates across plot-based inventories.

To understand the state and trends in biodiversity beyond the scope of monitoring programs, biodiversity indicators must be comparable across inventories. Species richness (SR) is one of the most widely used biodiversity indicators. However, as SR increases with the size of the area sampled, inventories using different plot sizes are hardly comparable.

Experimental Models of SARS-COV-2 Infection in the Central Nervous System.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised serious concerns worldwide due to its great impact on human health and forced scientists racing to find effective therapies to control the infection and a vaccine for the virus. To this end, intense research efforts have focused on understanding the viral biology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for COVID-19. The ever-expanding list of cases, reporting clinical neurological complications in COVID-19 patients, strongly suggests the possibility of the virus invading the nervous system.

Assessing Grapevine Biophysical Parameters From Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Hyperspectral Imagery.

Over the last 50 years, many approaches for extracting plant key parameters from remotely sensed data have been developed, especially in the last decade with the spread of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in agriculture. Multispectral sensors are very useful for the elaboration of common vegetation indices (VIs), however, the spectral accuracy and range may not be enough. In this scenario, hyperspectral (HS) technologies are gaining particular attention thanks to the highest spectral resolution, which allows deep characterization of vegetative/soil response.

Impact of slurry removal frequency on CH emission and subsequent biogas production; a one-year case study.

Anaerobic digestion of animal slurry to produce biogas is the dominated treatment approach and a storage period is normally applied prior to digestion. Pre-storage, however, contributes to CH emissions and results in loss of biogas potential. Manure management was found to be an efficient approach to reduce not only the on-site CH emission but may also have extended influence on CH emission/losses for storage and subsequent biogas process, while the connection remains unclear.

Towards smart and sustainable development of modern berry cultivars in Europe.

Fresh berries are a popular and important component of the human diet. The demand for high-quality berries and sustainable production methods is increasing globally, challenging breeders to develop modern berry cultivars that fulfill all desired characteristics. Since 1994, research projects have characterized genetic resources, developed modern tools for high-throughput screening, and published data in publicly available repositories.

An integrated approach to estimate how much urban afforestation can contribute to move towards carbon neutrality.

Urban afforestation is considered a promising nature-climate solution that may contribute to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, since it can increase C-storage and C-sequestration, whilst providing further multiple ecosystem services for citizens. However, the quantification of the CO sequestration capacity that may be provided by an urban forest as well as the capacity to impact the city-level C-balance and offset anthropogenic emissions is a complex issue. Methodological approaches, quantity and quality of information contained in urban tree database, and the level of detail of the planned urban forest can strongly influence the estimation of C-sequestration potential offered by urban forests.