Incidence of aphid-transmitted viruses in raspberry and raspberry aphids in Norway and experiments on aphid transmission of black raspberry necrosis virus.

Raspberry ( L.) is susceptible to aphid-borne viruses. We studied the incidence of four of them - black raspberry necrosis virus (BRNV), raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV), raspberry vein chlorosis virus (RVCV), and Rubus yellow net virus (RYNV) - in raspberry plants and aphids in and around Norwegian raspberry crops for three years (2019, 2021, and 2022).

Deciphering the Impact of Lignin on Anaerobic Digestion: Focus on Inhibition Mechanisms and Methods for Alleviating Inhibition.

China has abundant lignocellulosic biomass resources. These resources are converted into biogas by anaerobic digestion (AD), which not only realizes the comprehensive utilization of waste resources but also obtains abundant biomass energy. However, the low biodegradability of lignocellulosic biomass caused by the complex structure has seriously hindered its utilization by enzymes and microorganisms, resulting in low biogas production and limited development of biogas engineering.

Long-term nitrogen deposition reduces the diversity of nitrogen-fixing plants.

Biological nitrogen fixation is a fundamental part of ecosystem functioning. Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition and climate change may, however, limit the competitive advantage of nitrogen-fixing plants, leading to reduced relative diversity of nitrogen-fixing plants. Yet, assessments of changes of nitrogen-fixing plant long-term community diversity are rare.

Mitigating Salt Stress with Biochar: Effects on Yield and Quality of Dwarf Tomato Irrigated with Brackish Water.

The increase in the frequency and magnitude of environmental stresses poses a significant risk to the stability of food supplies. In coastal areas of the Mediterranean, brackish water has long been considered a limitation on horticultural production. In this scenario, the use of biochar in agriculture could be considered a valuable tool to cope with the deleterious effects of salt stress.

Resilience of genetic diversity in forest trees over the Quaternary.

The effect of past environmental changes on the demography and genetic diversity of natural populations remains a contentious issue and has rarely been investigated across multiple, phylogenetically distant species. Here, we perform comparative population genomic analyses and demographic inferences for seven widely distributed and ecologically contrasting European forest tree species based on concerted sampling of 164 populations across their natural ranges. For all seven species, the effective population size, N, increased or remained stable over many glacial cycles and up to 15 million years in the most extreme cases.

Bio-fertilizer applications from poultry slaughterhouses in subtropical agriculture - Interactions between soil structure and nitrate dynamics.

The No-till system and organic fertilization combined can be a potential strategy to avoid nutrient leaching, as the soil structure plays a crucial role in retaining them. In this study, we evaluated the influence of different rates of a bio-fertilizer made of industrial organic waste (IOW) from a poultry slaughterhouse on the percolation and stocks of nitrate in disturbed and undisturbed soil samples collected from a subtropical no-till field in southern Brazil. In an incubation experiment, we performed a percolation experiment using lysimeters and simulated rainfall for 180 days and evaluated the remaining soil nitrate stock after the incubation period.

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Resistance to Wheat Dwarf Virus in Hexaploid Wheat ( L.).

Wheat dwarf virus (WDV, genus , family ) is one of the causal agents of wheat viral disease, which severely impacts wheat production in most wheat-growing regions in the world. Currently, there is little information about natural resistance against WDV in common wheat germplasms. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is being utilized to manufacture transgenic plants resistant to different diseases.

Exploring Italian Autochthonous L. Accessions: Pomological, Physicochemical, and Aromatic Investigations.

Autochthonous Italian pomegranate accessions are still underexplored, although they could be an important resource for fresh consumption, processing, and nutraceutical uses. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the local germplasm to identify genotypes with desirable traits. In this study, six old Italian pomegranate landraces and a commercial cultivar (Dente di Cavallo) were investigated, evaluating their fruit pomological parameters, physicochemical (TSS, pH, TA, and color) characteristics, sugar content, and aromatic profiles (HeadSpace Solid-Phase MicroExtraction (HS-SPME)) coupled with Gas Chromatographyass Spectrometry (GC-MS) of pomegranate juices.

In vivo reduction of skin inflammation using ferulic acid-loaded lipid vesicles derived from Brewer's spent grain.

Breweŕs spent grain (BSG) is the main by-product of the brewing industry, and due to its rapid decomposition, it generates serious environmental problems such as malodors and greenhouse gases emissions. On the other hand, this lignocellulosic compound contains a large number of antioxidants, being ferulic acid (FA) the most abundant. FA is a powerful antioxidant molecule that has demonstrated significant protective effects on key components of the skin, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, collagen, and elastin.

Valorization of the Invasive Blue Crabs () in the Mediterranean: Nutritional Value, Bioactive Compounds and Sustainable By-Products Utilization.

The blue crab (), originally from the western Atlantic Ocean, has recently spread to the Mediterranean and is now considered one of the one hundred most invasive species in that region. This opportunistic species, known for its adaptability to different temperatures and salinities, negatively impacts biodiversity and human activities such as fishing and tourism in the Mediterranean. However, the blue crab is gaining interest as a potential food resource due to its high nutritional value and delicate, sweet flavor.

Correlation between tree-ring series as a dendroprovenancing evaluation tool.

The use of correlation between tree-ring series as a proximity indicator in dendroprovenance analyses is often questioned. High correlations may occur between series at a great distance, but conversely, low correlations may occur between series that are close to each other. This discrepancy has prompted the exploration of alternative dendroprovenancing methods, but many of them have proven to be unreliable or impractical.

Brewer's Spent Grain-Cellulose-Coated Copper Electrode-Based Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistor for Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection toward Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus.

The demand for environmentally friendly, reliable, and cost-effective electrodes for glucose sensor technology has become a major research area in the paradigm shift toward green electronics. In this regard, cellulose has emerged as a promising flexible biopolymer solution with unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, renewability, and sustainability. Because of their large surface area and porous structure, fibrous cellulose substrates quickly adsorb and disperse analytes at detection sites.

Isolation of β-O-4-Rich Lignin From Birch in High Yields Enabled by Continuous-Flow Supercritical Water Treatment.

The continuous flow supercritical water (scHO) treatment of Birch wood (T=372-382 °C; t=0.3-0.7 s; p=260 bar) followed by alkali extraction of lignin allowed for the isolation of lignin and lignin carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) with a high number of β-O-4 moieties in the range 29-57/100 Ar (evaluated by quantitative C NMR analysis) in yields ranging between 13-19 wt % with respect to the initial wood.

Tree drought-mortality risk depends more on intrinsic species resistance than on stand species diversity.

Increasing tree diversity is considered a key management option to adapt forests to climate change. However, the effect of species diversity on a forest's ability to cope with extreme drought remains elusive. In this study, we assessed drought tolerance (xylem vulnerability to cavitation) and water stress (water potential), and combined them into a metric of drought-mortality risk (hydraulic safety margin) during extreme 2021 or 2022 summer droughts in five European tree diversity experiments encompassing different biomes.

Chitosan-based insecticide formulations for insect pest control management: A review of current trends and challenges.

Future agricultural practices necessitate green alternatives to replace hazardous insecticides while distinguishing between pests and beneficial insects. Chitosan, as a biological macromolecule derived from chitin, is biodegradable and exhibits low toxicity to non-target organisms, making it a sustainable alternative to synthetic pesticides. This review identifies chitosan-derivatives for insecticidal activity and highlights its efficacy including genotoxicity, defense mechanism, and disruption of insect's exoskeleton at different concentrations against several insect pests.

Nitric oxide recovery from hydrogen combustion streams. A clean pathway for the sustainable production of nitrogen compounds.

This work proves that nitric oxide (NO) can be successfully recovered from hydrogen flue gas streams in nitric acid, opening new pathways for NO control in combustion streams. Recovering NO from hydrogen combustion streams allows for increasing the combustion temperature in the turbine, reducing the fuel consumption per kWh, while obtaining a building block for nitric acid production. The solubility of nitric oxide is determined in amines, ethanol, and nitric acid solutions at a laboratory scale, suitable candidates for nitric oxide absorption.

Response of food waste anaerobic digestion to the dimensions of micron-biochar under 30 g VS/L organic loading rate: Focus on gas production and microbial community structure.

Biochar modification is an effective approach to enhance its ability to promote anaerobic digestion (AD). Focusing on the physical properties of biochar, the impact of different particle sizes of biochar on AD of food waste (FW) at high organic loading rate (OLR) was investigated. Four biochar with different sizes (40-200 mesh) were prepared and used in AD systems at OLR 30 g VS/L.