Use of renin-angiotensin system blockers and posttraumatic stress disorder risk in the UK Biobank: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Previous research has shown that the use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers is linked to a lower prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but longitudinal studies are scarce. We aimed to estimate the association between the use of RAS blockers and the risk of PTSD among individuals taking antihypertensive medications.

Methods: This longitudinal study included participants aged 40-69 from the UK Biobank.

Public Perception Towards Drug Abuse in South Korea: The Effects of Overconfidence and Affirmation.

Objective: The abuse of prescription drugs and over-the-counter medicines has been a major issue addressed as a serious public health problem worldwide. This study explored factors contributing to substance abuse in Korea by examining the status of substance abuse among Korean adults and evaluating their knowledge, attitudes, and intentions toward substance abuse.

Methods: Data were collected online from a sample of participants 19 years old or older from May 20 to June 1, 2020 (n=1,020).

A New Paradigm for Pandemic Preparedness.

Purpose Of Review: Preparing for pandemics requires a degree of interdisciplinary work that is challenging under the current paradigm. This review summarizes the challenges faced by the field of pandemic science and proposes how to address them.

Recent Findings: The structure of current siloed systems of research organizations hinders effective interdisciplinary pandemic research.

Nexus between summer climate variability and household food security in rural Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.

Ongoing climate changes are likely to impact household food security in rural households that depend on rainfed subsistence agriculture. This paper investigates the relationship between summer climate variability and household food security in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa. We used a household panel data set nested in the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System, together with rainfall and temperature data for the summer periods 2006-07 to 2018-19 from three weather stations that surround the study area.

Mobile sleep EEG suggests delayed brain maturation in adolescents with ADHD: A focus on oscillatory spindle frequency.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. Although data show ADHD is associated with sleep problems, approaches to analyze the association between ADHD and sleep electrophysiology are limited to a few methods with circumscribed foci.

Aims: Sleep EEG was analyzed by a mixed-radix FFT routine and power spectrum parametrization in adolescents with ADHD and adolescents not at-risk for ADHD.

Patterns and trends in household food security in rural Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.

This study examines patterns and trends in household food security in Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, from 2010 to 2019. We use data from a household panel nested in the Agincourt Health and Socio- Demographic Surveillance System. Findings indicate that there have been improvements in household food security in this rural setting over the last decade.

Hyperarousal-state of Insomnia Disorder in Wake-resting State Quantitative Electroencephalography.

Objective: : Insomnia is associated with elevated high-frequency electroencephalogram power in the waking state. Although affective symptoms (e.g.

Evaluating a multi-behavioural home-based intervention for reducing depressive symptoms in postnatal women : The food, move, sleep (FOMOS) for postnatal mental health randomised controlled trial protocol.

Background: Postnatal depression (PND) is a leading cause of illness and death among women following childbirth. Physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, poor sleep, and sub-optimal diet quality are behavioural risk factors for PND. A feasible, sustainable, and scalable intervention to improve healthy behaviours and reduce PND symptoms among women at postpartum is needed.

Clinical Advances in Treatment Strategies for Obsessive-compulsive Disorder in Adults.

In the present article, we provide a comprehensive review of the treatment strategies for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a common, chronic, and often debilitating disorder, characterized by overwhelming obsessions and compulsions. OCD typically starts in childhood or adolescence and persists throughout life, causing functional impairment across multiple domains. The article begins by describing the historical concepts of OCD from religious and guilt-based explanations to psychoanalytic perspectives, and then explores the changing understanding of OCD as a treatable condition.

Factors relating to sustainability and scalability of the 'Food, Move, Sleep (FOMOS) for Postnatal Mental Health' program: Qualitative perspectives from key stakeholders across Australia.

Issue Addressed: Supporting healthy behaviours (quality diet, physical activity, sleep) through home-based interventions is feasible to improve postnatal mental health. Involving stakeholders in developing interventions is essential for maximising accessibility, implementation and scale-up. This study aimed to identify factors affecting the sustainable implementation and scalability of the Food, Move, Sleep (FOMOS) for Postnatal Mental Health program, including strategies to enhance research-practice translation.

Frontal EEG response to alcohol craving elicited by individually tailored video cues.

Background: Most findings on the pathophysiology of alcoholism are based on studies using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG). There are few studies on cue-induced craving and on its utility as an electrophysiological index. We examined quantitative EEG (qEEG) activities in alcoholics and social drinkers exposed to video cues and compared their association with subjective alcohol craving and other related psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety and depression.

Associations between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cognitive impairment and the effect modification of inflammation.

This study aimed to evaluate the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cognitive impairment and explore the effect modification by the inflammatory status. A total of 4400 community-based participants aged 50-64 years from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center were included in this cross-sectional study. NAFLD was identified as the Fatty Liver Index 30 or higher in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption.

Sleep health and its implications in First Nation Australians: A systematic review.

Unlabelled: Understanding the state of sleep health in First Nations Australians offers timely insight into intervention and management opportunities to improve overall health and well-being. This review explored the determinants and burden of poor sleep in First Nations Australians. A systematic search was conducted to identify studies published until August 2020 in First Nations Australian adults.

Effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation with novel in-ear electrodes on anxiety and resting-state brain activity: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation technique with the potential to alleviate anxiety. We examined the effectiveness of home-based CES with novel, headphone-like, in-ear electrodes on anxiety-related symptoms and resting-state brain activity.

Methods: This study spanned 3-weeks, with randomized, double blind, and active-controlled design.

The human factors of mineworker fatigue: An overview on prevalence, mitigation, and what's next.

Background: Though mining remains a vital shiftwork industry for U.S. commerce, problems of continued prevalence of mineworker fatigue and its mitigation persist.

Alterations of cellular aging markers in obsessive- compulsive disorder: mitochondrial DNA copy number and telomere length.

Background: The present study examined whether mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length - key markers of cellular aging - were altered in male and female participants with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared to healthy controls. We also tested for associations between these alterations and OCD-related clinical features and inflammatory index.

Methods: A total of 235 patients with OCD (38.

Perturbation of astroglial Slc38 glutamine transporters by NH contributes to neurophysiologic manifestations in acute liver failure.

Ammonia is considered the main pathogenic toxin in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, the molecular mechanisms involved have been disputed. As altered glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission has been reported in HE, we investigated whether four members of the solute carrier 38 (Slc38) family of amino acid transporters-involved in the replenishment of glutamate and GABA-contribute to ammonia neurotoxicity in HE.

Identification of methylation changes associated with positive and negative growth deviance in Gambian infants using a targeted methyl sequencing approach of genomic DNA.

Low birthweight and reduced height gain during infancy (stunting) may arise at least in part from adverse early life environments that trigger epigenetic reprogramming that may favor survival. We examined differential DNA methylation patterns using targeted methyl sequencing of regions regulating gene activity in groups of rural Gambian infants: (a) low and high birthweight (DNA from cord blood ( = 16 and  = 20, respectively), from placental trophoblast tissue ( = 21 and  = 20, respectively), and DNA from peripheral blood collected from infants at 12 months of age ( = 23 and  = 17, respectively)), and, (b) the top 10% showing rapid postnatal length gain (high,  = 20) and the bottom 10% showing slow postnatal length gain (low,  = 20) based on z score change between birth and 12 months of age (LAZ) (DNA from peripheral blood collected from infants at 12 months of age). Using BiSeq analysis to identify significant methylation marks, for birthweight, four differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified in trophoblast DNA, compared to 68 DMRs in cord blood DNA, and 54 DMRs in 12-month peripheral blood DNA.

In harm's way: Non-migration decisions of people at risk of slow-onset coastal hazards in Bangladesh.

Non-migration is an adaptive strategy that has received little attention in environmental migration studies. We explore the leveraging factors of non-migration decisions of communities at risk in coastal Bangladesh, where exposure to both rapid- and slow-onset natural disasters is high. We apply the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to empirical data and assess how threat perception and coping appraisal influences migration decisions in farming communities suffering from salinization of cropland.

Sleep health in Indigenous Australian children: a systematic review.

Objective/background: The health and wellbeing of Indigenous Australian children has long been an issue of concern. However, to date there is a lack of attention to sleep health (particularly education and appropriate health service availability) in Indigenous Australians. The present review aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sleep problems in Indigenous Australians children.