Photochemical oxidation of di-n-butyl phthalate in atmospheric hydrometeors by hydroxyl radicals from nitrous acid.

The photochemical oxidation of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) by OH radicals from nitrous acid (HONO) in atmospheric hydrometeors was explored by two techniques, steady-state irradiation, and laser flash photolysis (LFP). The effects of atmospheric liquid parameters on DBP transformation were systematically evaluated, showing that DBP does not react with HONO directly and OH-initiated reactions are crucial steps for consumption and transformation of DBP. Two reaction channels are operative: OH addition and hydrogen atom abstraction.

Impact of marine and continental sources on aerosol characteristics using an on-board SPAMS over southeast sea, China.

The chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols was characterized using an on-board single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) over the Southeast China Sea. High-time-resolution observation of marine aerosols was carried out to clarify the source of aerosols and the interaction of marine and continental aerosols. Atmospheric aerosols were determined by the interaction of continental and marine sources over coastal area.

Ambient fine and coarse particles in Japan affect nasal and bronchial epithelial cells differently and elicit varying immune response.

Ambient particulate matter (PM) epidemiologically exacerbates respiratory and immune health, including allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA). Although fine and coarse particles can affect respiratory tract, the differences in their effects on the upper and lower respiratory tract and immune system, their underlying mechanism, and the components responsible for the adverse health effects have not been yet completely elucidated. In this study, ambient fine and coarse particles were collected at three different locations in Japan by cyclone technique.

[Marine Aerosol Using On-board Aerosol Mass Spectrometry].

Marine aerosols were measured in real-time by an on-board signal particle aerosol mass spectrometer(SPAMS) over the Southeast China Sea. The chemical compositions and size distribution characteristics of aerosol particles were obtained, and the sources and ion spectra were analyzed. The results showed that particle number concentration decreased with the distance apart from the coastal area.

Characteristics of soil moisture under different vegetation coverage in Horqin Sandy Land, northern China.

Vegetation restoration as an effective sand fixation measure has made great achievements in China. However, soil water conditions deteriorate with the development and maturity of sand-fixing vegetation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between soil water content (SWC) and vegetation coverage (VC) at different portion (top, middle and bottom) on ten sand dunes during the growing season (April to October) in Horqin Sandy Land, northern China.

The effects of land use change on soil infiltration capacity in China: A meta-analysis.

Land use changes are often considered to be the main factors influencing soil infiltration. But the difference of soil infiltration capacity for different land use type is less clear. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis of all 42 papers that could be found associated with the effects of land use changes on soil infiltration capacity.

Occurrence, distribution and ecological risks of organophosphate esters and synthetic musks in sediments from the Hun River.

The Hun River is an important main tributary of the Liao River system. It is located in northeast China, and provides water resources for agriculture and industry. A man made reservoir (Dahuofang Reservoir, DHF) has been constructed mid-stream in the Hun River, supplying drinking water to surrounding cities.

[Effects of continuous drought during different growth stages on maize and its quantitative relationship with yield loss].

To investigate the influences of continuous decline of soil water content during different growth stages on the growth, development and yield of maize, artificial water control experiment with a rainout shelter were conducted, and the dynamic variations of several physiological and ecological indices of maize were analyzed, including plant height, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthesis characteristics, aboveground biomass, and yield. The experimental factors considered in this field experiment were the starting time and duration of water control. Rainfall was sheltered from jointing with duration of 20 (T) and 27 days (T) and from heading with duration of 20 (T) and 27 days (T) for each starting time.

[Chilling damage comprehensive assessment methods for rice.].

Based on the grey correlation analysis method, the chilling damage inducing factors and yield structure traits of rice in different growth stages, and the yield structure traits and final yield of rice were regarded as two grey systems. By seeking the grey relations of the grey systems and using the multi level grey correlation analysis method, the comprehensive assessment model of rice chil-ling damage was constructed, and the comprehensive assessment indices of chilling damages in sepa rate stages were established. The rice chilling damages at 27 stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2015 were assessed separately.

[Effects of drought stress and subsequent rewatering on major physiological parameters of spring maize during the key growth periods].

For deeply understanding water consumption characteristics and disaster-causing mechanism of spring maize under drought stress, continuous no-water complementing for 40 days and subsequent rewatering treatments were conducted in jointing (T) and tasseling (T) stages of spring maize 'Danyu 39'. In the meantime, leaf and root water potential, main variables associated with photosynthesis including net photosynthetic rate (P), transpiration rate (T), stomatal conduc-tance (g), intercellular CO concentration(C) and stem flow rate (SF) were dynamically observed and the characteristics of their responses to drought and subsequent rehydration were investigated. The results indicated that leaf and root water potential, both presenting logarithm relationships with soil water content, decreased due to suffering from drought stress in different growth stages and the response of the former lagged behind that of the latter.

Pollutants identification of ambient aerosols by two types of aerosol mass spectrometers over southeast coastal area, China.

Two different aerosol mass spectrometers, Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SPAMS) were deployed to identify the aerosol pollutants over Xiamen, representing the coastal urban area. Five obvious processes were classified during the whole observation period. Organics and sulfate were the dominant components in ambient aerosols over Xiamen.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of aerosols and their trends over mainland China with the recent Collection 6 MODIS and OMI satellite datasets.

With the rapid development of China's economy and high rate of industrialization, environmental pollution has become a major challenge for the country. The present study is aimed at analyzing spatiotemporal heterogeneities and changes in trends of different aerosol optical properties observed over China. To achieve this, Collection 6 Level 3 data retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; 2002-2016) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI; 2005-2016) sensors were used to investigate aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångstrӧm exponent (AE), and Absorption Aerosol Index (AAI).

Particle size distribution and respiratory deposition estimates of airborne perfluoroalkyl acids during the haze period in the megacity of Shanghai.

This study presents the particle size distribution and respiratory deposition estimates of airborne perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) during the haze period. Size-segregated haze aerosols were collected from an urban location in Shanghai using an eight-stage air sampler. The samples were analyzed for eight PFAAs using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Occurrence and distribution of organophosphate ester flame retardants in indoor dust and their potential health exposure risk.

The occurrence and distribution of 10 organophosphate ester (OP) flame retardants/plasticizers were studied in indoor dust collected in 2 districts of Wuhan City. Total concentrations of the 10 OPs (ΣOPs) varied from 86.5 to 6389 ng/g in 26 dust samples in Caidian District and from 300 to 10 186 ng/g in 27 samples in Jiang'an District.

Kinetics analysis of interfacial electron-transfer processes in goethite suspensions systems.

The photochemical behavior of goethite has been one of the most important topics in the field of environmental science due to it plays a significant role in the removal and transformation process of numerous pollutants. However, the interfacial electron transfer process of goethite is not clear. Using a nanosecond laser flash photolysis spectrometer, we report the transient spectroscopic observations of interfacial electron-transfer reactions in goethite dispersion under UV irradiation.

Chemical composition, source, and process of urban aerosols during winter haze formation in Northeast China.

The characteristics of aerosol particles have been poorly evaluated even though haze episodes frequently occur in winter in Northeast China. OC/EC analysis, ion chromatography, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), and soluble ions in PM and the mixing state of individual particles during a severe wintertime haze episode in Northeast China. The organic matter (OM), NH, SO, and NO concentrations in PM were 89.

Emission of volatile organic compounds and production of secondary organic aerosol from stir-frying spices.

Cooking is an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and a potential source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) both indoors and outdoors. In this study, VOC emissions from heating corn oil and stir-frying spices (i.e.

The Relationship of PM Variation with Visibility and Mixing-Layer Height under Hazy/Foggy Conditions in the Multi-Cities of Northeast China.

The variations of visibility, PM-mass concentration and mixing-layer height (MLH) in four major urban/industry regions (Shenyang, Anshan, Benxi and Fushun) of central Liaoning in Northeast China are evaluated from 2009 to 2012 to characterize their dynamic effect on air pollution. The annual mean visibilities are about 13.7 ± 7.

Performance of selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH over natural manganese ore catalysts at low temperature.

Natural manganese ore catalysts for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH at low temperature in the presence and absence of SO and HO were systematically investigated. The physical and chemical properties of catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area, NH temperature-programmed desorption (NH-TPD) and NO-TPD methods. The results showed that natural manganese ore from Qingyang of Anhui Province had a good low-temperature activity and N selectivity, and it could be a novel catalyst in terms of stability, good efficiency, good reusability and lower cost.

Photochemical reaction between biphenyl and N(III) in the atmospheric aqueous phase.

The photochemical reaction between biphenyl (Bp) and N(III) under irradiation at 365 nm UV light was investigated. The results showed that Bp conversion efficiency was strongly influenced by N (III) concentration, Bp initial concentration and pH. Species-specific rate constants determined by reaction of Bp with HONO (k), HONO (k) and NO (k) were k = (0.

Assessment of regional air quality by a concentration-dependent Pollution Permeation Index.

Although air quality monitoring networks have been greatly improved, interpreting their expanding data in both simple and efficient ways remains challenging. Therefore, needed are new analytical methods. We developed such a method based on the comparison of pollutant concentrations between target and circum areas (circum comparison for short), and tested its applications by assessing the air pollution in Jing-Jin-Ji, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Cheng-Yu, China during 2015.

Rapid Microcystin Determination Using a Paper Spray Ionization Method with a Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry System.

The eutrophication of surface water sources and climate changes have resulted in an annual explosion of cyanobacterial blooms in many irrigating and drinking water resources. To decrease health risks to the public, a rapid real time method for the synchronous determination of two usually harmful microcystins (MC-RR and MC-LR) in environmental water samples was built by employing a paper spray ionization method coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer system. With this approach, direct analysis of microcystin mixtures without sample preparation has been achieved.

Dust aerosol properties and radiative forcing observed in spring during 2001-2014 over urban Beijing, China.

The ground-based characteristics (optical and radiative properties) of dust aerosols measured during the springtime between 2001 and 2014 were investigated over urban Beijing, China. The seasonal averaged aerosol optical depth (AOD) during spring of 2001-2014 was about 0.78 at 440 nm.

Real time analysis of lead-containing atmospheric particles in Beijing during springtime by single particle aerosol mass spectrometry.

Using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS), the chemical composition and size distributions of lead (Pb)-containing particles with diameter from 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm in Beijing were analyzed in the spring of 2011 during clear, hazy, and dusty days.