Enhancing the classification of seismic events with supervised machine learning and feature importance.

The accurate classification of seismic events into natural earthquakes (EQ) and quarry blasts (QB) is crucial for geological understanding, seismic hazard mitigation, and public safety. This paper proposes a machine-learning approach to discriminate seismic events, particularly differentiating between natural EQs and man-made QBs. The core of this study is to integrate different features into a unified dataset to train some linear and nonlinear supervised machine learning (ML) models.

New local magnitude scales for Egypt.

Local magnitude (M) scales have been developed for Egypt based on 14,453 normalized Wood-Anderson amplitudes from 1670 earthquakes. These events were recorded by at least four seismic stations, with hypocentral depths of less than 40 km and earthquake magnitudes ranging from 0.1 to 6.

Molecular modeling analyses of functionalized cellulose.

Functionalization of cellulose with nanomaterials and functional groups is essential for enhancing its properties for specific applications, such as flexible sensors and printed electronics. This study employs Hartree Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the vibrational spectra of cellulose, identifying DFT: B3LYP/3-21 g** as the optimal model aligning with experimental spectra. Using this model, we examined the impact of functionalizing cellulose with various groups (OH, NH, COOH, CH, CHO, CN, SH) and graphene oxide (GO) on its electronic properties.

Role of SiO, TiO, and FeO adsorbed on glycine for remediation of heavy metals and antibacterial activity in water.

Metals have a tendency to accumulate in the environment and can have carcinogenic effects. Accordingly, this study used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the adsorption of different metal ions on the glycine surface. Glycine has attracted a lot of research interest because of its remarkable metal-binding properties and cost effectiveness.

Oxygen enriched PAni-based counter electrode network toward efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have great potential as a renewable energy technology assisting combat climate change due to its low cost, adaptability, and sustainability. Oxygen plasma ion doping is a promising strategy to improve the capacity of a low-cost, platinum-free counter-electrodes (CEs) to absorb photons and drive high-performance DSSCs via generating an abundance of active absorption sites. In this instance, novel PAni-ZnO (PZ) composite layers were designed as a CE material and received various in-situ oxygen plasma dosages, including 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min, to improve their physiochemical and microstructural feature for the first time, to the best of our knowledge.

A deep investigation of the poorly studied open cluster King 18 using CCD VRI, Gaia DR3 and 2MASS.

In this paper, we re-estimate the astrometric and photometric parameters of the young open star cluster King 18 based on Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3), Two Micron All-sky Survey (2MASS) and VRI CCD observations using the f/4.9 Newtonian focus of 74-inch telescope at Kottamia Astronomical Observatory (KAO) in Egypt. King 18 is a poorly studied open star cluster, for which new results are found in the current study.

Dielectric properties of epitaxially grown lattice-mismatched GaAs/p-Si heterojunction diode.

The current work presents the possibility of tuning the dielectric parameters by changing the temperature, voltage, and frequency. The unusual behavior of some parameters was attributed to the lattice mismatch constant between gallium arsenide (GaAs) and silicon (Si) and the crystal defects between them. In this article, a thin GaAs film has been grown on Si substrates by liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) as n-GaAs/p-Si heterostructure.

Negative capacitance in Au/CuInGaSe/SiO/n-Si/Al Schottky barrier diode devices.

This study pioneers the use of CuInGaSe, a quaternary alloy, in Schottky barrier diodes, beyond its traditional application in solar cells, highlighting its potential in sustainable energy technologies such as supercapacitors. We delve into its unique electrical and dielectric characteristics by introducing CuInGaSe into the Schottky barrier diode device, synthesized an innovative liquid phase epitaxy on silicon substrates. Our investigation into the structural, electrical, and dielectric properties reveals the alloy's exceptional capacitance behavior, which transitions from positive to negative with varying frequency.

Prototype Implementation of a Digitizer for Earthquake Monitoring System.

A digitizer is considered one of the fundamental components of an earthquake monitoring system. In this paper, we design and implement a high accuracy seismic digitizer. The implemented digitizer consists of several blocks, i.

Global insights on flood risk mitigation in arid regions using geomorphological and geophysical modeling from a local case study.

This research provides a comprehensive examination of flood risk mitigation in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on Wadi Al-Laith. It highlights the critical importance of addressing flood risks in arid regions, given their profound impact on communities, infrastructure, and the economy. Analysis of morphometric parameters ((drainage density (Dd), stream frequency (Fs), drainage intensity (Di), and infiltration number (If)) reveals a complex hydrological landscape, indicating elevated flood risk.

Gel-Based PVA/SiO/p-Si Heterojunction for Electronic Device Applications.

The current work presents a new structure based on Au/PVA/SiO/p-Si/Al that has not been studied before. An aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer gel was deposited on the surface of SiO/Si using the spin-coating technique. The silicon wafer was left to be oxidized in a furnace at 1170 k for thirty minutes, creating an interdiffusion layer of SiO.

The Impact of Boron Compounds on the Structure and Ionic Conductivity of LATP Solid Electrolytes.

The increasing demand for safe and high-energy-density battery systems has led to intense research into solid electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. One of these solid electrolytes is the NASICON-type LiAlTi(PO) (LATP) material. In this study, different boron compounds (10% BO doped, 10% HBO doped, and 5% BO + 5% HBO doped) were doped at total 10 wt.

Litho-structural interpretation of aeromagnetic anomalies reveals potential for mineral exploration in Tizi n'Test Region, Western High Atlas, Morocco.

This study interprets aeromagnetic data from the Tizi n'Test area in the High Atlas massif of Morocco, aiming to gain insights into its litho-structural architecture and implications for mineral exploration and mining. We employed six different analytical techniques to the residual magnetic field data, including reduction to the pole (RTP), upward continuation, total horizontal derivative, Tilt angle, Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET) analysis, and Euler deconvolution. Our analyses differentiated the study area into three magnetic domains: the eastern Ouzellarh block, characterized by positive anomalies, a central domain characterized by a negative magnetic signature demarcating the transitional zone between the Anti-Atlas and the High Atlas separated by the Ouchden fault: and the western domain, represented by the Tichka massif.

Compact stars with non-uniform relativistic polytrope.

This paper presents new relativistic composite polytropic models for compact stars by simultaneously solving Einstein field equations with the polytropic state equation to simulate the spherically symmetric, static matter distribution. Using a non-uniform polytropic index, we get the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation for the relativistic composite polytrope (CTOV). To analyze the star's structure, we numerically solve the CTOV equation and compute the Emden and mass functions for various relativistic parameters and polytropic indices appropriate for neutron stars.

Influence of the Hubbard U Correction on the Electronic Properties and Chemical Bands of the Cubic (m3¯m) Phase of SrTiO Using GGA/PBE and LDA/CA-PZ Approximations.

By using DFT simulations employing the GGA/PBE and LDA/CA-PZ approximations, the effects of the Hubbard U correction on the crystal structure, electronic properties, and chemical bands of the cubic phase (m3¯m) of STO were investigated. Our findings showed that the cubic phase (m3¯m) STO's band gaps and lattice parameters/volume are in reasonably good accordance with the experimental data, supporting the accuracy of our model. By applying the DFT + U method, we were able to obtain band gaps that were in reasonably good agreement with the most widely used experimental band gaps of the cubic (m3¯m) phase of STO, which are 3.

3D Gravity and magnetic inversion modelling for geothermal assessment and temperature modelling in the central eastern desert and Red Sea, Egypt.

The Central Eastern Desert and Red Sea region have emerged as a significant area of interest for geothermal energy exploration, owing to their unique geological characteristics and active tectonic activity. This research aims to enhance our understanding of the region's geothermal potential through a comprehensive analysis of gravity and magnetic data. By utilizing a 3D gravity inversion model, a detailed examination of subsurface structures and density variations was conducted.

Watching the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam from a distance: Implications for sustainable water management of the Nile water.

Increased demands for sustainable water and energy resources in densely populated basins have led to the construction of dams, which impound waters in artificial reservoirs. In many cases, scarce field data led to the development of models that underestimated the seepage losses from reservoirs and ignored the role of extensive fault networks as preferred pathways for groundwater flow. We adopt an integrated approach (remote sensing, hydrologic modeling, and field observations) to assess the magnitude and nature of seepage from such systems using the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), Africa's largest hydropower project, as a test site.

Utilization of abandoned oil well logs and seismic data for modeling and assessing deep geothermal energy resources: A case study.

Hammam Faraun (HF) geothermal site in Egypt shows potential for addressing energy demand and fossil fuel shortages. This study utilizes abandoned oil well logs, seismic data, and surface geology to assess HF geothermal energy resources. Seismic interpretation identified a significant clysmic fault parallel to Hammam Faraun fault (HFF), named CLB fault.

Two-Dimensional MXene as a Promising Adsorbent for Trihalomethanes Removal: A Density-Functional Theory Study.

This groundbreaking research delves into the intricate molecular interactions between MXene and trihalomethanes (THs) through a comprehensive theoretical study employing density-functional theory (DFT). Trihalomethanes are common carcinogenic chlorination byproducts found in water sanitation systems. This study focuses on a pristine MXene [M·X] monolayer and its various terminal [T] functional groups [M·XT], strategically placed on the surface for enhanced performance.

Utilizing Gold Nanoparticle Decoration for Enhanced UV Photodetection in CdS Thin Films Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition: Exploiting Plasmon-Induced Effects.

UV sensors hold significant promise for various applications in both military and civilian domains. However, achieving exceptional detectivity, responsivity, and rapid rise/decay times remains a notable challenge. In this study, we address this challenge by investigating the photodetection properties of CdS thin films and the influence of surface-deposited gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on their performance.

Microstrain effects of laser-ablated Au nanoparticles in enhancing CZTS-based 1 Sun photodetector devices.

Copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) thin films were synthesized on soda lime glass using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at room temperature. Introducing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a sandwich structure led to increased CZTS particle size and a shift in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of the AuNPs, influenced by different laser energy levels. The absorption measurements revealed intriguing behavior across the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions, making these films appealing for 1 Sun photodetectors.

Light curve analysis and evolutionary status of four newly identified short-period eclipsing binaries.

We present the physical and orbital parameters of four short-period eclipsing W UMa systems: [Formula: see text] (referred to as S1), [Formula: see text] (referred to as S2), [Formula: see text] (referred to as S3), and [Formula: see text] (referred to as S4). The absolute parameters and evolutionary status of these systems are determined, and new times of minima are calculated. Additionally, we present the 3D fill-out configuration for each system.

Integrated geochemical and magnetic potentially toxic elements assessment: a statistical solution discriminating anthropogenic and lithogenic magnetic signals in a complex area of the southeast Nile Delta.

Magnetic proxy approaches proved to be efficient for potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution assessment when targeting forests or areas with a homogenous background where anthropogenic magnetic signals could be easily distinguished. Here, we present a multidisciplinary approach for magnetic susceptibility ([Formula: see text]) and HM assessment in a complex area in the Nile Delta, where geogenic input, land use, and various industries with different fly ash and surface water emissions interfere. Statistical analysis discriminates between the effects of lithologic elements and the concentrations of toxic anthropogenic elements.

Radiometric characteristics of some metallic ores and nonmetallic deposits: an example, Wadi Al-Allaqi, South Eastern Desert, Egypt.

Hydrothermal alteration processes are connected to many mineral formations, particularly auriferous deposits. In this study, airborne gamma-ray spectrometry (GRS) data and the analysis of radioactive materials (eU, eTh, and K) are applied to search for regions with hydrothermal alteration activity. An example is presented from Wadi Al-Allaqi, South Eastern Desert, Egypt.

MoO nanowire growth on VO/WO for thermochromic applications.

This study explores the structural, electronic, and optical properties of sandwich-structured thin films composed of WO, MoWO, and MoO as window layers on VO/WO a physical vapor deposition method. Morphological analysis demonstrates the evolution of distinct nanowires, offering insights into the lattice strain of the VO layer toward high-performance thermochromatic devices. Temperature-dependent sheet resistivity is investigated, showcasing significant improvements in conductivity for samples with MoO as a window layer.