Stereoselective Sequential Diels-Alder Reactions on a Cyclic Furan Trimer for the Construction of an Asymmetric Scaffold.

Multiple Diels-Alder reactions are a powerful method to construct large asymmetric scaffolds, but these reactions often produce numerous isomers. We now report a triple Diels-Alder reaction between a cyclic furan trimer and -substituted maleimides, achieving selective synthesis of a single asymmetric tris-adduct. The stereoselectivity of cycloaddition to π-extended furan derivatives was clarified by the experimental analysis of intermediates and theoretical calculations.

Microbes as Resources to Remove PPCPs and Improve Water Quality.

The inadequate removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) by traditional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) poses a significant environmental and public health challenge. Residual PPCPs find their way into aquatic ecosystems, leading to bioaccumulation in aquatic biota, the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and contamination of both water sources and vegetables. These persistent pollutants can have negative effects on human health, ranging from antibiotic resistance development to endocrine disruption.

Morphometric assessment of mandibles with complications resulting from temporomandibular joint ankylosis in children from 4 months to 3 years of age.

: The main aim of this paper was to perform the morphological assessment of children's mandibles of different etiology of dys-functions within the temporomandibular joint, from isolated idiopathic ankylosis to craniofacial malformations co-existing with genetic disorders. : The investigations encompassed seven patients at the age of 0-3. Measurements were conducted on the basis of data obtained from computed tomography.

First-Attempt Success in Ultrasound-Guided vs Standard Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion: The EPIC Superiority Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Pediatric peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion can be difficult and time-consuming, frequently requiring multiple insertion attempts and often resulting in increased anxiety, distress, and treatment avoidance among children and their families. Ultrasound-guided PIVC insertion is a superior alternative to standard technique (palpation and visualization) in high-risk patients.

Objective: To compare first-time insertion success of PIVCs inserted with ultrasound guidance compared with standard technique (palpation and visualization) across all risk categories in the general pediatric hospital population.

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms Used for Translating Aptamer-Antigen Binding Kinetic Profiles to Diagnostic Decisions.

Current approaches for classifying biosensor data in diagnostics rely on fixed decision thresholds based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, which can be limited in accuracy for complex and variable signals. To address these limitations, we developed a framework that facilitates the application of machine learning (ML) to diagnostic data for the binary classification of clinical samples, when using real-time electrochemical measurements. The framework was applied to a real-time multimeric aptamer assay (RT-MAp) that captures single-frequency (12.

Anxiety and Depression Affect Sleep Quality: A Preliminary Investigation in Crowdsourced Samples of Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults.

We aimed to compare sleep problems in autistic and non-autistic adults with co-occurring depression and anxiety. The primary research question was whether autism status influences sleep quality, after accounting for the effects of depression and anxiety. We hypothesized that autistic adults would report higher levels of depression, anxiety, and sleep problems compared to non-autistic adults, after controlling for these covariates.

Solvent influence on the optical absorption, frontier molecular orbitals, and electronic structure of 1-bromo adamantane.

Context: The study of the influence of solvent on 1-bromo adamantane (BAD) exposes prominent solvatochromatic shifts in the optical absorbance and substantial solvent effects on the electronic structure. This facilitates the molecular probe abilities for the BAD with respect to the surrounding environments such as dielectric constant and polarity. BAD exhibits positive solvatochromism for nonpolar solvents and negative solvatochromatic shifts for polar and aromatic solvents.

Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Drug Concentration Is Not Associated with Disease Outcomes in Pouchitis: A Retrospective, International Study.

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring is important for optimizing anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. However, the exposure-response relationship has never been assessed in pouchitis.

Aims: To explore associations between anti-TNF-α drug concentration and pouchitis disease activity in patients with a background of ulcerative colitis.

Tuning of sulfur flows and sulfur seed metabolism in oilseed rape facing sulfate limited conditions.

The response of oilseed rape to sulfur (S) restriction usually consists of increasing the components of S utilization efficiency (absorption, assimilation and remobilization) to provide S to seeds. However, source-sink relationships and S management in developing seeds under sulfate restriction are poorly understood. To address this, impacts of sulfate restrictions applied at "visible bud" or "start of pod filling" stages were studied with two genotypes (Aviso, Capitol) showing similar seed yield but higher seed weight and lower number of seeds per plant for Capitol under non-limited conditions.

The Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Influences Edema Fluid Movement and Promotes the Compensatory Drainage Pathways in Patients with Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema.

Upper limb lymphedema is the most common complication after breast cancer therapy. Suddenly disturbed lymphatic transport in the affected arm causes tissue fluid accumulation in tissue spaces, limb enlargement, and secondary changes in tissue. Early compression therapy is necessary.

Operation of spinal sensorimotor circuits controlling phase durations during tied-belt and split-belt locomotion after a lateral thoracic hemisection.

Locomotion is controlled by spinal circuits that interact with supraspinal drives and sensory feedback from the limbs. These sensorimotor interactions are disrupted following spinal cord injury. The thoracic lateral hemisection represents an experimental model of an incomplete spinal cord injury, where connections between the brain and spinal cord are abolished on one side of the cord.

Occurrence and clinical correlates of SARS-CoV-2 viremia in two German patient cohorts.

Viremia defined as detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the blood is a potential marker of disease severity and prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Here, we determined the frequency of viremia in serum of two independent COVID-19 patient cohorts within the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (German: tionales andemie horten etzwerk, NAPKON) with diagnostic RT-PCR against SARS-CoV-2. A cross-sectional cohort with 1,122 COVID-19 patients (German: , SUEP) and 299 patients recruited in a high-resolution platform with patients at high risk to develop severe courses (German: , HAP) were tested for viremia.

QuanFormer: A Transformer-Based Precise Peak Detection and Quantification Tool in LC-MS-Based Metabolomics.

In metabolomic analysis based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, detecting and quantifying intricate objects is a massive job. Current peak picking methods still cause high rates of incorrectly picked peaks to influence the reliability and reproducibility of results. To address these challenges, we developed QuanFormer, a deep learning method based on object detection designed to accurately quantify peak signals.

Knock-out mouse models and single particle ICP-MS reveal that SP-D and SP-A deficiency reduces agglomeration of inhaled gold nanoparticles in vivo without significant changes to overall lung clearance.

The role of surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D) in lung clearance and translocation to secondary organs of inhaled nanoparticles was investigated by exposing SP-A and SP-D knockout (AKO and DKO) and wild type (WT) mice nose-only for 3 hours to an aerosol of 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Animals were euthanised at 0-, 1-, 7- and 28-days post-exposure. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) of the liver and kidneys showed that extrapulmonary translocation was below the limits of detection.

Distinct single cell transcriptional profile in CD4+ T-lymphocytes among obese children with asthma.

Obesity is a risk factor for asthma morbidity, associated with less responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids. CD4+ T-cells are central to the immunology of asthma and may contribute to the unique obese asthma phenotype. We sought to characterize the single cell CD4+ Transcriptional profile differences in obese children with asthma compared to normal weight children with asthma.

A linearly polarized AC-driven perovskite light emitting device with nanoscale metal contact.

Electroluminescent (EL) devices consisting of a single metal-semiconductor contact and a gate effect structure have garnered significant attention in the field of perovskite light-emitting devices. This interest is largely due to the thermal stability of the active layer and the simplicity of the device structure. However, the application of these devices in large-area light-emitting applications is hindered by the inherently low carrier mobility in perovskite materials.

Pesticide residues and their detection techniques in foods using sensors- a review.

Unlabelled: The use of pesticides in agricultural produce is continuously increasing and it raises the question of whether the food is safe or not. Only 0.1% of the sprayed pesticide reaches its target and the rest acts as a contaminant in soil and the environment, thus contaminating the future foods as well.

Bidirectional effects of neutrophils on biofilms .

Background: is a commensal bacterium and an early biofilm coloniser found in the human oral cavity. One of the biofilm matrix constituents is bacterial extracellular DNA (eDNA). Neutrophils are innate immune cells that respond to biofilms, employing antimicrobial mechanisms such as neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release.

Initiation of primary T cell-B cell interactions and extrafollicular antibody responses in an organized microphysiological model of the human lymph node.

Antibody production is central to protection against new pathogens and cancers, as well as to certain forms of autoimmunity. Antibodies often originate in the lymph node (LN), specifically at the extrafollicular border of B cell follicles, where T and B lymphocytes physically interact to drive B cell maturation into antibody-secreting plasmablasts. In vitro models of this process are sorely needed to predict aspects of the human immune response.

Learning, economies of scale, and knowledge gap effects on power generation technology cost improvements.

Cost reductions are essential for accelerating clean technology deployment. Because multiple factors influence costs, traditional one-factor learning models, solely relying on cumulative installed capacity as an explanatory variable, may oversimplify cost dynamics. In this study, we disentangle learning and economies of scale effects at unit and project levels and introduce a knowledge gap concept to quantify rapid technological change's impact on costs.

Environmental impacts of restructuring the EU's natural gas supply and consumption: Learnings from the 2022 energy crisis.

In 2022, the European Union put forward the REPowerEU plan in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, aiming at enhancing short-term energy security by diversifying imports and reducing natural gas demand while accelerating the deployment of renewable alternatives in the long term. Here, we quantify the life cycle environmental impacts of both REPowerEU's short-term measures, including the controversial extended coal-fired power plant operations, and how the first year of the crisis was managed in practice. We find that the policy measures' impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions would be negligible, although they could have detrimental effects on other environmental categories.

Deep learning uncovers histological patterns of YAP1/TEAD activity related to disease aggressiveness in cancer patients.

Over the last decade, Hippo signaling has emerged as a major tumor-suppressing pathway. Its dysregulation is associated with abnormal expression of and -family genes. Recent works have highlighted the role of YAP1/TEAD activity in several cancers and its potential therapeutic implications.

A peptide mimic of SOCS1 modulates equine peripheral immune cells and ocular effector functions : implications for recurrent uveitis.

Introduction: Recurrent uveitis (RU), an autoimmune disease, is a leading cause of ocular detriment in humans and horses. Equine and human RU share many similarities including spontaneous disease and aberrant cytokine signaling. Reduced levels of SOCS1, a critical regulator of cytokine signaling, is associated with several autoimmune diseases.

Development of a High-Throughput qPCR Assay for Detecting Waterborne Protozoa and Helminths Across Different Environmental Media in China.

Introduction: The establishment of a high-throughput quantification approach for waterborne pathogenic protozoa and helminths is crucial for rapid screening and health risk assessment.

Methods: We developed a high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (HT-qPCR) assay targeting 19 waterborne protozoa and 3 waterborne helminths and validated its sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability. The assay was then applied to test various environmental media samples.

Association between Emotional Intelligence and Professionalism in Medical Students: The Compassion-Competence Nexus.

Background And Objective: In medical education, the challenging constructs of emotional intelligence and professionalism are increasingly being addressed worldwide and seem to share common characteristic components. The objective of this study was to determine the association between emotional intelligence and professionalism as perceived and self-reported by medical students and to explore the gender difference in these two variables.

Methods: It is a cross-sectional study of eight months duration, from February-September 2019, that included final year medical students at Dow Medical College through convenience sampling.