Two novel milbemycin derivatives from the genetically engineered strain Streptomyces avermitilis AVE-H39.

Two novel milbemycin derivatives, 5,27-epoxy-13α-hydroxy milbemycin β (1) and 5,27-epoxy-13α-hydroxy-25-ethyl milbemycin β (2), were isolated from the genetically engineered strain Streptomyces avermitilis AVE-H39. Their structures were elucidated through the interpretation of HR-ESIMS and extensive NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate acaricidal and nematicidal activities.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance the tolerance of Euonymus maackii Rupr. at a moderate level of salinity.

Salt stress is one of the major environmental constraints for plant growth. Although the ways in which mycorrhizal plants deal with salt stress have been well documented, it still is blank for Euonymus maackii, an important local ecological restoration tree, to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and salt stress. In this study, we tested the effect of different salt levels (0, 50, 100,150 and 200 mM) and AMF inoculation on E.

A facile synthesis for uniform tablet-like TiO/C derived from Materials of Institut Lavoisier-125(Ti) (MIL-125(Ti)) and their enhanced visible light-driven photodegradation of tetracycline.

The uniform tablet-like TiO/C nanocomposites with two crystal types (rutile and anatase) and large specific surface area (438 m g) were successfully prepared by Materials of Institut Lavoisier-125(Ti) (MIL-125(Ti)) calcined at a suitable temperature and applied for photocatalytic tetracycline (TC). The nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mapping, N adsorption-desorption isotherms, photoluminescence spectra (PL), photocurrent, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The changes of physicochemical parameters are discussed in detail.

Catalytic oxidation of toluene using a facile synthesized Ag nanoparticle supported on UiO-66 derivative.

In this paper, dispersed Ag nanoparticles supported on UiO-66 derivative were prepared and the effect of Ag loading on the structure and performance of the catalysts for toluene oxidation were studied. The characteristics of the catalysts were studied by XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, BET, ICP-OES, XPS, UV-vis and in situ DRIFTS. It was observed that UiO-66 structure of 2 wt% Ag catalyst (2Ag-U) was not damaged.

Two Distinct C-Type Lysozymes in Goldfish: Molecular Characterization, Antimicrobial Potential, and Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Opposing Effects of Bacteria/Lipopolysaccharide and Dexamethasone/Leptin.

Lysozymes are key antimicrobial peptides in the host innate immune system that protect against pathogen infection. In this study, the full-length cDNAs of two c-type lysozymes (gfLyz-C1 and gfLyz-C2) were cloned from goldfish (). The structural domains, three-dimensional structures, and amino acid sequences of gfLyz-C1 and gfLyz-C2 were highly comparable, as the two proteins shared 89.

Glucose Catabolism Leading to Production of the Immunometabolite Acetate Has a Key Contribution to the Host Airway-Pathogen Interplay.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by abnormal inflammatory responses and impaired airway immunity, which provides an opportunistic platform for nontypeable (NTHi) infection. Clinical evidence supports that the COPD airways present increased concentrations of glucose, which may facilitate proliferation of pathogenic bacteria able to use glucose as a carbon source. NTHi metabolizes glucose through respiration-assisted fermentation, leading to the excretion of acetate, formate, and succinate.

Mining of alkaline proteases from Bacillus altitudinis W3 for desensitization of milk proteins: Their heterologous expression, purification, and characterization.

In this study, three active alkaline proteases (AprEs) (BaApr1, BaApr2, and BaApr9) from Bacillus altitudinis W3 were obtained through bioinformatics analysis and verification. Multiple sequence alignment showed low identity of 64.60% and suggested that the three AprEs belonged to the S8A subfamily of serine proteases.

Evaluation of the Strain YP6 in Phoxim Degradation via Transcriptomic Data and Product Analysis.

Phoxim, a type of organophosphorus pesticide (OP), is widely used in both agriculture and fisheries. The persistence of phoxim has caused serious environmental pollution problems. In this study, YP6 (YP6), which is capable of promoting plant growth and degrading broad-spectrum OPs, was used to study phoxim degradation.

mir-124-5p Regulates Phagocytosis of Human Macrophages by Targeting the Actin Cytoskeleton via the ARP2/3 Complex.

Phagocytosis is a cellular process crucial for recognition and removal of apoptotic cells and foreign particles, subsequently initiating appropriate immune responses. The process of phagocytosis is highly complex and involves major rearrangements of the cytoskeleton. Due to its complexity and importance for tissue homoeostasis and immune responses, it is tightly regulated.

Towards the understanding of the enzymatic cleavage of polyisoprene by the dihaem-dioxygenase RoxA.

Utilization of polyisoprene (natural rubber) as a carbon source by Steroidobacter cummioxidans 35Y (previously Xanthomonas sp. strain 35Y) depends on the formation and secretion of rubber oxygenase A (RoxA). RoxA is a dioxygenase that cleaves polyisoprene to 12-oxo-4,8-dimethyl-trideca-4,8-diene-1-al (ODTD), a suitable growth substrate for S.

Regulation of melanocortin-1 receptor pharmacology by melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides).

Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) has important roles in regulating pigmentation and inflammation. Melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) modulates trafficking, ligand binding, and signaling of mammalian melanocortin receptors. However, the effect of MRAP2 on fish MC1R has not been extensively studied.

Infrared attenuated total reflection and 2D fluorescence spectroscopy for the discrimination of differently aggregated monoclonal antibodies.

Antibody aggregates may occur as undesirable by-products during the manufacturing process of biopharmaceutical proteins since parameters such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, protein concentration, oxygen, and shear forces can lead to aggregate formation. These aggregates have to be detected, quantified and removed cost extensively, since they may reduce the safety and efficacy of the product. Protein aggregates can range from small soluble dimers up to large visible agglomerates.

An integrated metabolomic and gene expression analysis identifies heat and calcium metabolic networks underlying postharvest sweet cherry fruit senescence.

Ηeat and calcium treatments reprogram sweet cherry fruit metabolism during postharvest senescence as evidenced by changes in respiration, amino acid metabolism, sugars, and secondary metabolites shift. Heat and calcium treatments are used to improve postharvest fruit longevity; however, the exact mechanism remains poorly understood. To characterize the impact of these treatments on sweet cherries metabolism, 'Lapins' fruits were treated with heat or CaCl solutions and their combination and subsequently were exposed at room temperature, for up to 4 days, defined as senescence period.

Solimonas fluminis has an active latex-clearing protein.

The utilization of rubber (poly (cis-1,4-isoprene)) by rubber-degrading bacteria depends on the synthesis of rubber oxygenases that cleave the polymer extracellularly to low molecular weight products that can be taken up and used as a carbon source. All so far described Gram-negative rubber-degrading species use two related ≈ 70 kDa rubber oxygenases (RoxA and RoxB) for the primary attack of rubber while all described Gram-positive rubber-degrading strains use RoxA/RoxB-unrelated latex-clearing proteins (Lcps, ≈ 40 kDa) as rubber oxygenase(s). In this study, we identified an lcp orthologue in a Gram-negative species (Solimonas fluminis).

Human CAP cells represent a novel source for functional, miRNA-loaded exosome production.

Exosomes represent a promising delivery tool for nucleic acid-based pharmaceuticals. They are highly suitable for transporting therapeutic miRNAs to tumor cells, due to their natural membrane components. Further, exosomes are capable of effectively protecting nucleic acids against ribonucleases and enable the delivery of their content through cell membranes.

Fractionation of sugarcane bagasse using hydrothermal and advanced oxidative pretreatments for bioethanol and biogas production in lignocellulose biorefineries.

The fractionation of sugarcane bagasse (SB) by hydrothermal pretreatment (HP, autohydrolysis) followed by alkaline extraction (AE) and advanced oxidative pretreatment (AOP) for production of second-generation ethanol and biogas was investigated. The AOP of SB was optimized using a Doehlert design, varying the applied HO load, liquid-to-solid ratio (LSR), and time. The responses evaluated were yield (Y), residual cellulose (RC), delignification (DE), and enzymatic conversion (EC).

Orange-spotted grouper melanocortin-4 receptor: Modulation of signaling by MRAP2.

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) play important roles in the melanocortin system, and interaction of MC4R and MRAP2 is suggested to play pivotal role in energy balance of vertebrates. Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is a widely cultured marine fish with high economic value in Asia. To explore potential interaction between grouper MC4R and MRAP2, herein we cloned grouper mc4r and mrap2.

Suppression of leptin-AI/AII transcripts by insulin in goldfish liver: A fish specific response of leptin under food deprivation.

Leptin is primarily considered a peripheral satiety hormone and is also found to perform important roles in energy homeostasis in vertebrates ranging from fish to mammals. The liver is a major source of leptin production in teleost fish. Using goldfish as a model, a previous report by our group illustrated the positive regulation of leptin mRNA levels by treatment with the hyperglycemic hormone glucagon, and our present study provided evidence for the negative regulation of hepatic leptin-AI and leptin-AII transcripts through the administration of the hypoglycemic hormone insulin.

Improved In Vitro Model for Intranasal Mucosal Drug Delivery: Primary Olfactory and Respiratory Epithelial Cells Compared with the Permanent Nasal Cell Line RPMI 2650.

Background: The epithelial layer of the nasal mucosa is the first barrier for drug permeation during intranasal drug delivery. With increasing interest for intranasal pathways, adequate in vitro models are required. Here, porcine olfactory (OEPC) and respiratory (REPC) primary cells were characterised against the nasal tumour cell line RPMI 2650.

A simple dual-inducible CRISPR interference system for multiple gene targeting in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

The development of CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) technology has dramatically increased the pace and the precision of target identification during platform strain development. In order to develop a simple, reliable, and dual-inducible CRISPRi system for the industrially relevant Corynebacterium glutamicum, we combined two different inducible repressor systems in a single plasmid to separately regulate the expression of dCas9 (anhydro-tetracycline-inducible) and a given single guide RNA (IPTG-inducible). The functionality of the resulting vector was demonstrated by targeting the l-arginine biosynthesis pathway in C.

The effects of phytoremediation on soil bacterial communities in an abandoned mine site of rare earth elements.

Overexploitation of rare earth elements (REEs) has caused serious desertification and environmental pollution. The ecological restoration of mining areas has attracted increasing attention in China. Soil microbiota is important for successful ecological remediation of abandoned mine land.

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of MicroRNA-744 Improves Antibody Titer of CHO Production Cell Lines.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that serve as versatile molecular engineering tools to improve production cells by overexpression or knockdown of miRNAs showing beneficial or adverse effects on cell-culture performance. The genomic knockout (KO) of noncoding RNAs in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) production cells has not been reported. However, given the significant number of miRNAs showing negative effects on CHO-bioprocess performance and the development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas9), genome editing tools facilitate precise optimization of CHO cells via modulation of noncoding RNAs.

Pancreatic stem cells differentiate into insulin-secreting cells on fibroblast-modified PLGA membranes.

Diabetes mellitus is an epidemic worldwide. Pancreatic stem cells can be induced to differentiate into insulin-secreting cells, this method is an effective way to solve the shortage of islet donor. Poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) copolymer is an excellent scaffold for tissue engineering as it presents good biocompatibility and film forming properties.

Adsorption/desorption kinetics and breakthrough of gaseous toluene for modified microporous-mesoporous UiO-66 metal organic framework.

In this work, micro-mesoporous UiO-66 was successfully prepared with P123 (EOPOEO) as structure-directing agent by a simple solvothermal method. Adsorption/desorption kinetics of gaseous toluene over pristine UiO-66 and micro-mesoporous UiO-66 were investigated by breakthrough experiments, toluene vapor adsorption isotherm measurements and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments. The interactions between toluene and UiO-66 samples were assessed through the Henry's law constant (K) and the isosteric adsorption heat (ΔH).