Effect of Long-Term Supplementation With Silkworm Pupae Oil on the Methane Yield, Ruminal Protozoa, and Archaea Community in Sheep.

Supplementation with lipids and oils is one of the most efficient strategies for reducing enteric methane emission. However, high costs and adverse impacts on fiber degradation restrict the use of conventional oils. Silkworm pupae, a non-conventional oil source rarely used for human consumption in India, could be one of the cheaper alternatives for methane mitigation.

The Exoproteome of Isolated from Cervical Mucus during the Estrus Phase in Water Buffalo ().

Bacterial extracellular proteins participate in the host cell communication by virtue of the modulation of pathogenicity, commensalism and mutualism. Studies on the microbiome of cervical mucus of the water buffalo () have shown the occurrence of and that the presence of this bacterium is indicative of various physiological and reproductive states in the host. Recently, has been isolated from the cervical mucus of the buffalo during the different phases of estrous cycle, and has proved to be much more pronounced during the estrus phase.

Effect of retinol in the vitrification medium on viability of vitrified ovine preantral follicles and expression of key developmental and apoptosis related genes.

Background: Vitrification increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidants in the vitrification solution may be beneficial by reducing excessive ROS production.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of retinol supplementation in vitrification solution on viability, apoptosis and development-related gene expression in vitrified sheep preantral follicles.

Materials And Methods: Preantral follicles were isolated and randomly assigned into one of five groups: Group1, control fresh preantral follicles; Group 2, vitrification treatment; Group 3, vitrification + 2 μM retinol; Group 4, vitrification + 5 μM retinol; Group 5, vitrification + 10 μM retinol.

Pre-digestion of the lipids in infant formula affects gut maturation of the preterm pig.

Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of complications, specifically with regards to the gastrointestinal tract. These complications mainly include the maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients resulting from the immaturity of the small intestine. The current study investigated whether pre-digestion of fat in infant formula would affect the developmental remodeling of the structure of the small intestine mucous membrane.

Alpha-ketoglutarate, a key molecule involved in nitrogen circulation in both animals and plants, in the context of human gut microbiota and protein metabolism.

Purpose: Nitrogen (N) is an indispensable metabolite required for the synthesis of protein. In animals, gut bacteria and, to a certain extent, even hepatocytes, are able to assimilate nitrogen from ammonium (NH), which is essentially derived from the amine group (-NH) and which is at the same time a very toxic metabolite. Initially, NH is coupled to alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), a reaction which results in the appearance of glutamate (one amine group), and after that, in the appearance of glutamine - containing two amine groups.

Evaluation of a Binary Classification Approach to Detect Herbage Scarcity Based on Behavioral Responses of Grazing Dairy Cows.

In precision grazing, pasture allocation decisions are made continuously to ensure demand-based feed allowance and efficient grassland utilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate existing prediction models that determine feed scarcity based on changes in dairy cow behavior. During a practice-oriented experiment, two groups of 10 cows each grazed separate paddocks in half-days in six six-day grazing cycles.

Application of encapsulated nano materials as feed additive in livestock and poultry: a review.

Livestock plays a significant role in the socio-economic development of developing countries by providing livelihood and nutritional security, transport, contingency during crop failure and day-to-day earning to the farm family. The human population is projected to reach 9.9 billion by 2050, which along with increasing urbanization and growing income is expected to increase the demand for livestock products.

Expression analysis of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes in relation to lactation performance in and crossbred cows.

The study was designed with the objective of expression analysis of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes on lactation performance in and HF crossbred cows during early lactation. mRNA expression ratio in HF crossbreds showed a steady increase from 30th day to 90th day, but in Deoni cows the ratio exhibited a different pattern, which increased from day 30 to day 60, decreased on day 75, and then increased on day 90. expression ratio in Deoni and HF crossbreds were lowest on day 30 and highest on day 90.

Correction: Salazar-Cubillas, K.C.; Dickhoefer, U. Evaluating the Protein Value of Fresh Tropical Forage Grasses and Forage Legumes Using In Vitro and Chemical Fractionation Methods. 2021, , 2853.

The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper [...

From Intrauterine to Extrauterine Life-The Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors in the Regulation of the Intestinal Microbiota Community and Gut Maturation in Early Life.

Differentiation of the digestive tube and formation of the gut unit as a whole, are regulated by environmental factors through epigenetic modifications which enhance cellular plasticity. The critical period of DNA imprinting lasts from conception until approximately the 1,000th day of human life. During pregnancy, besides agents that may directly promote epigenetic programming (e.

Regulatory role of Wnt signal in the oestradiol synthesis of different size categories of ovarian follicles in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

The aim of the present study was to understand the role of Wnt signal in ovarian oestradiol synthesis in various size categories of ovarian follicles. A six-day cell culture system was adopted to test the effect of a Wnt inhibitor i.e.

Antimicrobials use and their indications in dairy farm and individual farmer production conditions in southern India.

Antimicrobials use (AMU) is the key driver for development of antimicrobials resistant (AMR) pathogen in human and veterinary medicines. Therefore, understanding AMU pattern is prerequisite for focused intervention on AMR. The aim of this study was to understand the AMU pattern and their indications in dairy farm and individual farmer production conditions in southern India.

Changes in the Spectrum of Free Fatty Acids in Blood Serum of Dairy Cows during a Prolonged Summer Heat Wave.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of a prolonged hot period on the fatty acid (FA) composition in blood serum of dairy cows. Eighteen multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to the hyperthermia group (HYP, = 8) in August (summer season) and the control group (CON, = 10) in October (autumn season). Blood from animals of the HYP group was collected in one heat wave, which was preceded by a long period of heat stress (HS, temperature-humidity index (THI ≥ 72)).

Sperm preparedness and adaptation to osmotic and pH stressors relate to functional competence of sperm in Bos taurus.

The adaptive ability of sperm in the female reproductive tract micromilieu signifies the successful fertilization process. The study aimed to analyze the preparedness of sperm to the prevailing osmotic and pH stressors in the female reproductive tract. Fresh bovine sperm were incubated in 290 (isosmotic-control), 355 (hyperosmotic-uterus and oviduct), and 420 (hyperosmotic-control) mOsm/kg and each with pH of 6.

Induction of antiviral and cell mediated immune responses significantly reduce viral load in an acute foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in cattle.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a severe infection in ruminant animals. Here we present an in-depth transcriptional analysis of soft-palate tissue from cattle experimentally infected with FMDV. The differentially expressed genes from two Indian cattle (Bos indicus) breeds (Malnad Gidda and Hallikar) and Holstein Friesian (HF) crossbred calves, highlighted the activation of metabolic processes, mitochondrial functions and significant enrichment of innate antiviral immune response pathways in the indigenous calves.

Nutrient requirement equations for Indian goat by multiple regression analysis and least cost ration formulation using a linear and non-linear stochastic model.

An elaborate multiple regression analysis was done to arrive a nutrient requirement equation for goat including dry matter intake, DMI (kg/day), total digestible nutrient, TDN (g/day) and crude protein, CP (g/day) based on animal body weight (BW) (kg) and average daily gain (ADG)(g/day). The derived equations were highly significant (p < 0.001) and had high R (0.

Effect of different vitrification protocols on post thaw viability and gene expression of ovine preantral follicles.

The aim of the present study was to establish a vitrification protocol for ovine preantral follicles, which can retain viability after thawing and to evaluate the impact of different vitrification treatments on apoptosis and development-related gene expression. Preantral follicles were isolated from cortical slices of ovaries by the mechanical method of isolation. The isolated preantral follicles (200-300 μm) were randomly assigned into four groups.

Evaluating the Protein Value of Fresh Tropical Forage Grasses and Forage Legumes Using In Vitro and Chemical Fractionation Methods.

The objectives of the present study were (1) to assess the adequacy of the in vitro and chemical methods to predict post-ruminal crude protein supply (PRCP) from fresh tropical forage, and (2) to identify PRCP supply predictors. Twenty-three fresh forage grasses and 15 forage legumes commonly used in domestic cattle feeding in the tropics and subtropics were incubated in the rumen of cows to determine ruminal crude protein (CP) degradation. The PRCP supply was calculated from in situ rumen-undegraded CP and in vitro organic matter digestibility (i.

Current scenario and challenges ahead in application of spermatogonial stem cell technology in livestock.

Purpose: Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the source for the mature male gamete. SSC technology in humans is mainly focusing on preserving fertility in cancer patients. Whereas in livestock, it is used for mining the factors associated with male fertility.

Supraphysiological concentration of urea affects the functional competence of Holstein-Friesian (Bos taurus) sperm.

To understand the effects of urea on sperm functional attributes, fresh bull semen (n = 12) was subjected to four different concentrations (mg/mL) of urea to mimic the physiological (0.04 and 0.13), supraphysiological (0.

Gastrointestinal nematode and Eimeria spp. infections in dairy cattle along a rural-urban gradient.

Endoparasite infections can lead to considerable economic losses in dairy cattle due to decreases in milk yield and quality. Environmental and host-related factors contribute to endoparasite infection intensity and probability. Moreover, advancing urbanization influences parasite infection dynamics in livestock due to close human-animal cohabitation and changes in animal housing conditions.

Increasing importance of heat stress for cattle farming under future global climate scenarios.

In the last decades, livestock species have been severely affected by heat stress because of increasing temperatures, which has threatened animal welfare and decreased production. Based on thermal comfort indices and ensemble climate projections, we analyzed the current and future global spatiotemporal patterns of the heat exposure of cattle in 10 agroclimatic zones. The results show that ~7% of the global cattle population is currently exposed to dangerous heat conditions.

Effect of retinol as antioxidant on the post-thaw viability and the expression of apoptosis and developmental competence-related genes of vitrified preantral follicles in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

The present study evaluated the effect of supplementation of retinol in the vitrification solution on the viability, apoptosis and development-related gene expression in vitrified buffalo preantral follicles. Preantral follicles isolated from cortical slices of ovaries were randomly assigned into three groups: Group1-Control fresh preantral follicles; Group 2-Vitrification treatment (Vitrification solution 1 (VS1) -TCM-199 + 25 mM HEPES + Foetal bovine serum (FBS) 10%, Ethylene glycol (EG): 10%, Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO): 10%, Sucrose-0.3 M for 4 min; VS2- TCM-199 + 25 mM HEPES + FBS10%, EG:25%, DMSO: 25%, Sucrose:0.