Construction of a recombinant African swine fever virus with firefly luciferase and eGFP reporter genes and its application in high-throughput antiviral drug screening.

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly lethal and contagious disease in pigs caused by African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), which primarily infects domestic pigs and wild boars, with a mortality rate of up to 100%. Currently, there are no commercially available vaccines or drugs that are both safe and effective against ASFV. The ASFV 0428C strain was continuously passaged in Vero cells, and the adapted ASFV demonstrated efficient replication in Vero cells.

Effects of maternal Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide exposure on offspring: insights from lncRNA analysis in laying hens.

Parental living environment significantly impacts on offspring, yet related studies are lacking in livestock and poultry production. The present study found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli, 0.2 mg/kg) stimulation in F0 hens led to growth retardation and a decrease in egg-laying rate in the unchallenged F1 hens.

Potassium molybdate blocks APN-dependent coronavirus entry by degrading receptor via PIK3C3-mediated autophagy.

Swine enteric coronaviruses pose a significant challenge to the global pig industry, inflicting severe diarrhea and high mortality rates among piglets, and resulting in substantial economic losses. In our clinical practice, we observed that the addition of potassium molybdate (PM) to the feed could dramatically reduce diarrhea and diarrhea-related mortality in piglets. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and merit further investigation.

Transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory mechanism of myofiber development in male and female black Muscovy duck at different ages.

Introduction: Sexual dimorphism in Muscovy ducks results in substantial differences in muscle development potential between males and females, leading to significant variations in growth rates and body weights throughout their development.

Methods: This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the differences in muscle development between genders in black Muscovy ducks, we analyzed the phenotypic characteristics and transcriptome profiles of breast muscles in male and female black Muscovy ducks at different developmental stages (postnatal days 28, 42, and 70).

Results: In the analysis of tissue physical morphology, the results showed that females exhibit larger myofiber diameters and lower myofiber densities compared to males at postnatal day 42 ( < 0.

Host protein PRPS2 interact with the non-structural protein p17 of Avian Reovirus and promote viral replication.

Avian reovirus (ARV) is highly prevalent in healthy poultry flocks and has been linked to viral arthritis/tendonitis, dwarf syndrome, chronic respiratory disease, and immunosuppression in avian species, resulting in significant economic losses within the poultry industry. The non-structural protein p17 encoded by ARV induces cellular autophagy and facilitates viral proliferation, playing a pivotal role in viral pathogenesis. To further elucidate the pathogenic mechanism basis of ARV p17 protein function, we employed a yeast two-hybrid system to identify Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 2 (PRPS2) as an interacting host protein with p17.

Goose astrovirus induces apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in gosling hepatocytes.

The ongoing Goose astrovirus (GoAstV) epidemic, which primarily infects goslings causing severe liver damage, has inflicted considerable damage on the poultry industry. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a significant modulator of several viral infections, while severe ERS may result in apoptosis. This study examined the roles and possible mechanisms of ERS and apoptosis in GoAstV-induced liver injury in goslings.

miR-317 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of duck follicle granulosa cells by targeting VIPR1.

VIPR1 can specifically bind VIP, a PRL release factor, which promotes the secretion of PRL from the pituitary gland, and participates in the regulation of bird nesting behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of miR-317 overexpression or silencing on VIPR1 gene and protein expression in duck follicle granulosa cells. The ovaries of Muscovy ducks were collected during the nesting and laying periods, and histological differences were analyzed via HE staining.

Specific detection of duck adeno-associated virus using a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay.

Duck adeno-associated Virus (DAAV) is a novel pathogen that was recently discovered in ducks. To establish a molecular detection assay for DAAV for further epidemiological investigation and pathogenic mechanism. Here, we designed specific primers and probes according to the sequence characteristics of the newly discovered DAAV and then established a TaqMan real-time PCR method (TaqMan-qPCR) for the detection of DAAV.

Specific detection of pigeon parvovirus with TaqMan real-time PCR technology.

The viruses of the Parvoviridae family can infect both vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Recently, pigeon parvovirus (PiPV) was detected in the feces of wild urban pigeons. Owing to no specific detection platform for PiPV, studies on the epidemiology of PiPV are still a research gap.

Comparative Analysis of Microbiota in Jiani Yaks with Different Rib Structures.

The Jiani yak is a nationally renowned species that is known for its meat which is rich in various minerals, amino acids, and proteins. The rumen microbiota plays a critical role in gastrointestinal health and feed degradation, contributing proteins, lipids, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) essential for milk and meat production. However, there is limited knowledge about the microbiota of free-ranging Jiani yaks, especially those with 15 ribs.

Impacts of Nano-Composite of Copper and Carbon on Intestinal Luminal Micro-Ecosystem and Mucosal Homeostasis of Yellow-Feather Broilers.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impacts of nano-composites of copper and carbon (NCCC) on the intestinal luminal micro-ecosystem and mucosal homeostasis of yellow-feather broilers. A total of two-hundred and forty 1-day-old male yellow-feather broilers were randomly allocated into four groups, each with five replications of twelve birds. The control (CON) group received a corn-soybean basal diet, while the N50, N100, and N200 groups were supplemented with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of NCCC in basal diets, respectively.

Guanethidine Enhances the Antibacterial Activity of Rifampicin Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.

The escalating global threat of antibiotic resistance necessitates innovative strategies, such as the combination of antibiotics with adjuvants. Monotherapy with rifampicin is more likely to induce resistance in pathogens compared to other antibiotics. Herein, we found that the antihypertensive drug guanethidine enhanced the activity of rifampicin against certain clinically resistant Gram-negative bacteria, resulting in a reduction of up to 128-fold in the minimum inhibitory concentration.

Effects of Selenium Application on Fermentation Quality, Chemical Composition, and Bacterial Community of Hybrid Silage.

The primary objective of this study is to facilitate the conversion of inorganic selenium (Se) into organic Se within plants via assimilation, subsequently feeding it to livestock and poultry to enhance healthy animal production and yield Se-enriched livestock and poultry products. Therefore, it is imperative to first investigate the impact of varying Se doses on the agronomic traits of plants as well as their forage storage and processing. This experiment investigated the effect of Se fertilizer application on the fermentation quality, chemical composition, and bacterial community of × cv Minmu 7 (HPM7).

Accuracy of Genomic Predictions Cross Populations with Different Linkage Disequilibrium Patterns.

Background/objectives: There is a considerable global population of beef cattle, with numerous small-scale groups. Establishing separate reference groups for each breed in breeding practices is challenging, severely limiting the genome selection (GS) application. Combining data from multiple populations becomes particularly attractive and practical for small-scale populations, offering increased reference population size, operational ease, and data sharing.

Dietary Oregano Oil Supplementation Improved Egg Quality by Altering Cecal Microbiota Function in Laying Hens.

Improving egg quality is one of the main objectives of the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary oregano oil supplementation with different concentrations on the egg quality, intestinal morphology and cecal microbiome of late-phase laying hens. A total of 300 55-week-old Snowy white laying hens were randomly divided into five groups and fed a basal diet (control) or basal diets supplemented with oregano oil at 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg (O25, O50, O75 and O100) over a 100-day period.

Phylogenetic analysis reveals genetic characteristics of orf virus F1L and B2L genes in the Fujian province.

Objective: This study investigates the molecular epidemiology of orf virus (ORFV) in the Fujian province in 2024, with the goal of gaining insights that can enhance disease prevention and control strategies.

Methods: This experimental study was conducted from January 2024 through March 2024. The samples, showing suspected orf lesions, tested positive for ORFV via PCR.

Dual receptor-binding, infectivity, and transmissibility of an emerging H2N2 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus.

The 1957 H2N2 influenza pandemic virus [A(H2N2)pdm1957] has disappeared from humans since 1968, while H2N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are still circulating in birds. It is necessary to reveal the recurrence risk and potential cross-species infection of these AIVs from avian to mammals. We find that H2 AIVs circulating in domestic poultry in China have genetic and antigenic differences compared to the A(H2N2)pdm1957.

The role of the gut microbial metabolism of sterols and bile acids in human health.

Sterols and bile acids are vital signaling molecules that play key roles in systemic functions, influencing the composition of the human gut microbiota, which maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host. Additionally, gut microbiota-encoded enzymes catalyze the conversion of sterols and bile acids into various metabolites, significantly enhancing their diversity and biological activities. In this review, we focus on the microbial transformations of sterols and bile acids in the gut, summarize the relevant bacteria, genes, and enzymes, and review the relationship between the sterols and bile acids metabolism of gut microbiota and human health.

Simultaneous detection and differentiation of classical Muscovy duck reovirus and goose-origin Muscovy duck reovirus by RT-qPCR assay with high-resolution melting analysis.

Introduction: Classical Muscovy duck reovirus (C-MDRV) and goose-origin Muscovy duck reovirus (Go-MDRV) infections cause "Liver white-spots disease" in Muscovy duckling and gosling. It is difficult to differentiate the infections caused by C-MDRV and Go-MDRV using conventional serological methods.

Methods: Specific primers were designed and synthesized according to σNS and λA nucleotide sequences of C-MDRV and Go-MDRV, respectively.

Ultrasound image dataset for ovarian follicular development detection in pigs.

Pigs are one of the largest scale livestock species globally. In large-scale pig farms, the reproductive management of gilts and sows is a critical control point to ensure production capacity and reduce costs. More precisely, the understanding the developmental status of ovarian follicles in pigs is a critical basis for developing and improving management programme of oestrus detection and artificial insemination, a core component that determines sow production performance, but this knowledge is largely lacking.

Gut microbiota in two chickens' breeds: Characteristics and dynamic changes.

The gut microbiota has been demonstrated to play an important role in host immunity, metabolism, digestion, and growth. However, studies regarding the gut microbiota in Tibetan chickens remains scarce in comparison with other poultry breeds. Here, we investigated the gut microbial characteristics of Tibetan chickens and Arbor Acres broiler chickens (AA broiler chickens) and compare their gut microbial differences.