The effects of different doses of compound enzyme preparations on the production performance, meat quality and rumen microorganisms of yak were studied by metagenomics and transcriptomics.

Yak () is a large ruminant endemic to the Tibetan plateau. The addition of enzyme complexes to feed can significantly improve their growth performance. Therefore, studying the effects of ruminant compound enzyme preparations dosage on yak rumen microorganisms and production performance is crucial to promoting the development of the yak industry.

Comparative chloroplast genomics of Caryophyllaceae species: insights into sequence variations and phylogenetic evolution.

Background: Caryophyllaceae contains 100 genera and 3000 species, many of which are valuable both ecologically and economically. However, as past research has shown, the fundamental phylogenetic relationships of Caryophyllaceae are still debatable, and molecular dating based on chloroplast genomes has not been thoroughly examined for the entire family.

Methods: In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequences of Arenaria kansuensis Maxim.

Vaccination with a DNA vaccine cocktail encoding TgROP2, TgROP5, TgROP9, TgROP16, TgROP17, and TgROP18 confers limited protection against Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice.

Toxoplasmosis is a foodborne zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which seriously threatens to human health and causes economic losses. At present, there is no effective vaccine strategy for the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. T.

Assessing the ecological effects of the World's Largest Forestry Eco-engineering: Three-North Protective Forest Program within the initially scheduled range from 1978 to 2022.

China's Three-North Protective Forest Program (TNP) is the world's most ambitious afforestation project (ongoing from 1978 to 2050), which aims to increase forest coverage through afforestation and reforestation, protect agriculture, reduce soil erosion, and control desertification. Although TNP has been ongoing for 45 years, its rationales and effects remain uncertain. Here, we conducted a range-wide assessment of TNP by analyzing data from >10,000 scenes of satellite images and >50,000 field survey plots.

Selection signature analysis reveals genes associated with tail phenotype in sheep.

Tail type of sheep, which may be affected by many genes with a complex mechanism, is an important economic trait concerned by both raiser and consumers. Here, we employed two sheep breeds with extreme phenotypes - Mongolian sheep (short-fat-tailed) and Bamei Mutton sheep (long-thin-tailed) to analyze the genetic differences at the genomic level and find candidate genes associated with tail phenotype. The results of population structure analysis showed that the LD decay rate of Mongolian sheep was greater than that of Bamai Mutton sheep.

Productive, Reproductive, Behavioural, Gene Expression, Histological, and Economic Criteria of Feeding Fenugreek and Berseem Seeds as Alternative Protein Sources in New Zealand White Does Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus).

Feed cost represents about 70% of the total production costs of rabbit farms. There is little research on the usage of Berseem and Fenugreek seeds as substitutes for soybeans in rabbit diets. The current investigation was conducted to assess the influence of dietary inclusion of Fenugreek and/or Berseem seeds at varying levels as a substitute for soybean meal on reproductive performance, milk production, maternal behaviour, economic efficiency, mammary gland and ovarian histology, and relative expression of reproductive genes of New Zealand White rabbit does.

Evaluating reproduction traits in a crossbreeding program between indigenous and exotic sheep in semi-arid lands.

Reproduction traits are important factors determining the efficiency of any sheep production system. This study evaluates the age at first lambing (AFL), lambing interval (LI), litter weight at birth (LBWT), litter weight at weaning (LWWT), birth weight of ewe (EBWT) and weaning weight of ewes (EWWT) in a crossbreeding program between the Red Maasai (RRRR) and Dorper sheep and their crosses, 75% Dorper and 50% Dorper (DDRR) breeds. All the traits significantly (P < 0.

Simultaneous degradation of organoarsenic and immobilization of arsenate by an electroactive CuFeO-CNT/peroxymonosulfate platform: Insights into the distinct roles of the Cu and Fe sites.

Phenylarsonic acid (PAA) compounds, widely used in animal husbandry, pose a considerable environmental threat owing to their potential transformation into toxic inorganic arsenic species. To efficiently decontaminate PAA and adsorb secondary As(V), a hybrid CuFeO-modified carbon nanotube (CuFeO-CNT) filter was developed in this study. The hybrid CuFeO-CNT filter functioned as an effective catalyst, convective filtration medium, electrode, and adsorbent.

Factors affecting mass inflow of quaternary ammonium compounds into Japanese sewage treatment plants.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), ecotoxic organic chemicals linked to multidrug resistance, are being used increasingly, for example to prevent the transmission of infections such as covid-19, in households, hospitals, and industry. To understand the locations, fluctuations, and fractions of QACs entering sewers, we monitored 14 QACs (benzalkonium chloride [BAC]-C8, C10, C12, C14, C16, and C18; dialkyldimethylammonium chloride [DDAC]-C8, C10, and C12; alkyltrimethylammonium chloride [ATAC]-C12, C16, and C18; benzethonium chloride; and cetylpyridinium chloride), and a disinfectant (chlorhexidine) in influent at four Japanese sewage treatment plants (STPs) five times throughout a year. Mass inflows were relatively stable throughout the year, indicating that the recent seasonal covid-19 epidemic did not greatly influence them.

Research note: Prevalence and genetic characteristics of pathogenic E. coli isolates from domestic pigeons in central China.

Pigeon has become popular as a food recently, due to their highly nutritive valuE. colibacillosis, which is caused by pathogenic E. coli, is one of the most important bacterial diseases in pigeon breeding.

Physiological characteristics and transcriptomic analyses of alfalfa root crown in wintering.

Background: Alfalfa, scientifically identified as , is repeatedly referred to as the "king of forages". Because of its tight relationship to winter hardiness, the alfalfa's root crown plays a significant role as a storage organ over the winter. At present, it is still unknown what molecular process makes the alfalfa root crown resistant to cold.

Proposal of one new family, seven new genera and seventy new basidiomycetous yeast species mostly isolated from Tibet and Yunnan provinces, China.

More than 2 000 yeast strains isolated from 1 200 samples mostly collected from Tibet and Yunnan provinces in China were identified as 462 species according to the internal transcribed spacer including the 5.8S rDNA (ITS) and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rDNA (LSU) sequence analyses. Among them, 70 new basidiomycetous yeast species were proposed based on the multi-locus phylogenetic analyses including the D1/D2 domains, the ITS, the small subunit rDNA (SSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II () and translation elongation factor 1-α (), as well as the phenotypic comparisons.

Single-step genome-wide association study reveals candidate genes for body mass index trait in Yunong-black pigs.

Body mass index (BMI) can serve as a reasonable indicator of overall body fat content in pigs. This study aimed to identify underlying variants and candidate genes associated with BMI in Yunong-black pigs. A single-step genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed on 1405 BMI records and 924 Yunong-black pigs genotyped using a 50 K SNP Chip.

Partially substituting roughage with traditional Chinese herbal medicine residues in the diet of goats improved feed quality, growth performance, hematology, and rumen microbial profiles.

This study aimed to reveal the effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicine residues (TCHMR) on growth performance, hematology, ruminal microbiota, and economic benefits of Guizhou black male goats through the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) diet technique. A total of 22 Guizhou black male goats with an initial weight of 21.77 ± 0.

A mucus layer derived from porcine intestinal organoid air-liquid interface monolayer attenuates swine enteric coronavirus infection by antiviral activity of Muc2.

Background: The mucus layer provides the first defense that keeps the epithelium free from microorganisms. However, the effect of the small intestinal mucus layer on pathogen invasion is still poorly understood, especially for swine enteric coronavirus. To better understand virus‒mucus layer‒intestinal epithelium interactions, here, we developed a porcine intestinal organoid mucus‒monolayer model under air‒liquid interface (ALI) conditions.

Effect of miR-10a on the proliferation and differentiation of yak adipocyte precursors.

The fat content of yak meat is significantly correlated with the meat quality, and an appropriate fat content helps to improve the texture of the meat. The involvement of miR-10a in regulating the differentiation and proliferation of various cell types has been reported. Therefore, in this study, the effects of miR-10a on lipid droplet accumulation were investigated by transfection of yak adipocyte precursors with an miR-10a inhibitor, followed by Oil Red O, BODIPY, EdU staining, and cell cycle analysis of the transfected and control cells.

Allelopathic effects of six alfalfa varieties at three stubbles on the germination, seedling and root growth of green foxtail and barnyardgrass.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is known to release allelopathic substances to affect the germination and growth of other plants, which have the potential to be applied in controlling weeds. Green foxtail (Setaria viridis) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), as malignant weeds worldwide, also pose a serious threat to alfalfa in northern China. In this study, the sensitivity of the two weeds to the extracts from the first, second, and third stubbles of six varieties were investigated to further reveal the allelopathic interference of different varieties of alfalfa on notorious weeds.

Heat Tolerance-Associated circRNA3685 Regulates Apoptosis and Autophagy in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via Sponging bta-miR-138.

Heat stress negatively affects dairy cow production, and health, leading to significant losses. Identifying mechanisms associated with heat tolerance is crucial for developing breeding strategies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of noncoding RNA, regulate cell functions like autophagy, apoptosis and proliferation.

The application of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-wide screening to disease research.

High-throughput genetic screening serves as an indispensable approach for deciphering gene functions and the intricate relationships between phenotypes and genotypes. The CRISPR/Cas9 system, with its ability to precisely edit genomes on a large scale, has revolutionized the field by enabling the construction of comprehensive genomic libraries. This technology has become a cornerstone for genome-wide screenings in disease research.

Effect of dietary utilization of a mixture of tropical tree foliage leaves on growth performance, nutrient utilization, blood biochemistry, and immune status of goats.

The global goat population continues to grow, and simultaneously, fodder demand is increasing, despite the fact that feed resources are limited, and thus, new unconventional feed resources should be explored. The present study focuses on the nutrient utilization of ten top feeds viz. Acacia nilotica, Celtis australis, Ficus palmata, Ficus religiosa, Grewia optiva, Melia azadarach, Morus alba, Quercus incana, Salix alba and Zizyphus jujuba.

An epidemiological survey of bovine piroplasmosis in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China.

Piroplasmosis is an important tick-borne disease in several regions, and can lead to significant economic animal production losses. The current study aimed to systematically examine the incidence of bovine piroplasmosis in Kashgar, Xinjiang, to provide baseline data for the effective prevention and control of this disease among bovines in the region. A total of 1403 bovine blood samples from 12 sampling points were screened via PCR with universal Piroplasma primers targeting the 18S rRNA locus and specific Theileria annulata primers targeting the cytochrome b (COB) gene.