Limit of detection of genomic DNA by conventional PCR for estimating the load of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli associated with bovine mastitis.

Detection of mastitis-associated bacteria can be accomplished by culturing or by molecular techniques. On the other hand, rapid and inexpensive methods to enumerate bacterial load without culturing can be better achieved by molecular methods. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are the predominant bacterial pathogens associated with bovine mastitis.

Converted marine coral hydroxyapatite implants with growth factors: in vivo bone regeneration.

Herein we report rabbit model in vivo bone regeneration of hydrothermally converted coralline hydroxyapatite (HCCHAp) scaffolds without (group I) and with growth factors namely insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (group II) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) (group III). All HCCHAp scaffolds have been characterized for phase purity and morphology before implantation. Calcined marine coral was hydrothermally converted using a mineralizer/catalyst to phase pure HAp retaining original pore structure and geometry.

Epidemiology of foot and mouth disease in Karnataka state, India: a retrospective study.

A retrospective study on the epidemiology of foot and- mouth disease (FMD) in Karnataka, India between the years 1977 and 2012-13 based on the data collected through passive and active surveillance was undertaken. A total of 11,159 outbreaks with 0.271 million cases of FMD were recorded from 30 different revenue districts of Karnataka.

Evaluation of immuno efficiency of hemorrhagic septicemia vaccine strain (vaccine seed).

Objective: To compared seed culture of hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) bacteria which was used to produce vaccine for its antibody induction efficiency before and after passaging in natural host (calf) using laboratory animals.

Methods: Serial dilution of virulent bacteria was injected in to mice which were immunized with HS vaccine which was obtained from seed bacteria before and after back passaged in calf. Ratio of survived and dead was calculated by Reed-Meunch hypothesis and the LD50 value for each vaccine trial groups were calculated.

Isolation and characterization of BoHV-1 from seropositive cows after inducing artificial stress in West Bengal, India.

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (BoHV-1) is the most important emerging disease of cattle in India. With an aim to reactivate BoHV-1 from latently infected sero-positive cattle for molecular characteristics of the isolates prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries like India and further epidemiological investigations on IBR infections this study had been conducted. Artificial stress with dexamethasone at the dose rate of 0.

Comparative immunogenicity of two peste des petitis ruminants (PPR) vaccines in South Indian sheep and goats under field conditions.

Peste des petitis ruminants (PPR) is an economically important endemic viral disease of sheep and goats in India, where several different homologous PPR vaccine candidates have been developed. We evaluated the serological response to two vaccine strains, Arasur/87 and Sungri/96, in South Indian cross-bred and native sheep and goats reared under organized and unorganized settings. Animals seronegative (percent inhibition or PI <40) by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) were immunized with either of the vaccine strains or placebo.

Development of a probe based real time PCR assay for detection of bovine herpes virus-1 in semen and other clinical samples.

This study describes development of a TaqMan probe based real time PCR assay that can detect BoHV-1 of as low as 0.001 TCID50/0.1 ml in clinical samples, its comparative evaluation with indirect ELISA and virus isolation for detection of Bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) in semen and swab clinical samples.

Comparative sequence analysis of B5R gene of zoonotic buffalo pox virus isolates with other orthopoxviruses.

The present paper describes the isolation of buffalo pox virus from scab lesions and its molecular characterization through B5R gene sequencing. During our study, pustular pox lesions were observed on the teats and mammary parenchyma of cattle and buffaloes, and the disease was of significant zoonotic importance since similar lesions were produced on the hands, legs, and face of people in close contact with the affected animals. The collected scab materials were subjected for virus isolation in 9-11-day-old chicken embryos by the chorioallontoic membrane route and in the Vero cell line.

A short note on peste des petits ruminants in Karnataka, India.

Retrospective quantitative analysis of epidemiological data on peste des petits ruminants (PPR) from the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Karnataka, southern India, revealed significant information about the disease in this area. In the nine years between April 1998 and March 2007 a total of 624 outbreaks were reported in the state. With the exception of the 12-month period between April 2001 and March 2002 the disease occurred every year.

Standardization of large scale production of homologous live attenuated PPR vaccine in India.

Live attenuated homologous vaccine against peste des petits ruminants of sheep and goats was produced on a large scale basis in roller culture bottles using seed virus developed at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Muktheswar, India. Vero cells between 130-150 passages with six percent foetal calf serum were used for the production of vaccine. The cells were infected with 0.

Identification of leptospiral isolates by bacterial restriction endonuclease analysis (Brenda).

DNA samples from 19 reference serovars belonging to 19 different serogroups of Leptospira interrogans and two serovars belonging to Leptospira biflexa were examined by bacterial restriction endonuclease analysis using EcoR I and Hae III enzymes. All the serovars gave unique restriction patterns that differed from each other. DNA from 10 local isolates digested with these enzymes produced patterns which on comparison with the standard patterns produced by reference strains could be identified to serovar level.

Neuropharmacological effects of deltamethrin in rats.

This study examined the effect of deltamethrin on some of the neuropharmacological paradigms in a rat brain such as the motor co-ordination test using a rotarod, the pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion as well as the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) level. Albino Wistar rats were used as the experimental animals. Different neuropharmacological paradigms such as the motor co-ordination by the rotarod, pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time and the PTZinduced convulsion were examined after administering deltamethrin orally at two doses, 150 mg/kg (LD50) and 15 mg/kg (1/10 LD50).

Nutritional evaluation of silage made from the toxic weed Parthenium hysterophorus in animals.

After ensilation, the toxic Compositae weed Parthenium hysterophorus was devoid of the toxic principle parthenin. Laboratory-scale ensilation indicated that no parthenin was detectable after 5 wk of anaerobic fermentation. For animal feeding studies, silage was made on a large scale from Parthenium mixed with maize or from Parthenium alone.