Integrating genetics, metabolites, and clinical characteristics in predicting cardiometabolic health outcomes using machine learning algorithms - A systematic review.

Background: Machine learning (ML) integration of clinical, metabolite, and genetic data reveals variable results in predicting cardiometabolic health (CMH) outcomes. Therefore, we aim to (1) evaluate whether a multi-modal approach incorporating all three data types using ML algorithms can improve CMH outcome prediction compared to single-modal or paired-modal models, and (2) compare the methodologies used in existing prediction models.

Methods: We systematically searched five databases from 1998 to 2024 for ML predictive modelling studies using the multi-modal approach for CMH outcomes.

International consensus statement on microbiome testing in clinical practice.

There is growing interest in the potential exploitation of the gut microbiome as a diagnostic tool in medicine, but evidence supporting its clinical usefulness is scarce. An increasing number of commercial providers offer direct-to-consumer microbiome diagnostic tests without any consensus on their regulation or any proven value in clinical practice, which could result in considerable waste of individual and health-care resources and potential drawbacks in the clinical management of patients. We convened an international multidisciplinary expert panel to standardise best practices of microbiome testing for clinical implementation, including recommendations on general principles and minimum requirements for their provision, indications, pre-testing protocols, method of analyses, reporting of results, and potential clinical value.

Comprehensive Targeted and Quantitative Profiling of the Human Milk Metabolome: Impact of Delivery Mode, Breastfeeding Practices, and Maternal Diet.

Scope: Human milk (HM) is rich in bioactive compounds and essential nutrients. While research has focused on lipids, minerals, immune markers, microbiota, and oligosaccharides, specific metabolites are less studied. This study uses targeted metabolomics to identify and quantify metabolites in HM and explores the impact of perinatal and dietary factors on the metabolomic profile.

A Systematic Review of the Effect of Gene-Lifestyle Interactions on Metabolic-Disease-Related Traits in South Asian Populations.

Context: Recent data from the South Asian subregion have raised concern about the dramatic increase in the prevalence of metabolic diseases, which are influenced by genetic and lifestyle factors.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the contemporary evidence for the effect of gene-lifestyle interactions on metabolic outcomes in this population.

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched up until March 2023 for observational and intervention studies investigating the interaction between genetic variants and lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity on obesity and type 2 diabetes traits.

Unexplored microbial diversity from 2,500 food metagenomes and links with the human microbiome.

Complex microbiomes are part of the food we eat and influence our own microbiome, but their diversity remains largely unexplored. Here, we generated the open access curatedFoodMetagenomicData (cFMD) resource by integrating 1,950 newly sequenced and 583 public food metagenomes. We produced 10,899 metagenome-assembled genomes spanning 1,036 prokaryotic and 108 eukaryotic species-level genome bins (SGBs), including 320 previously undescribed taxa.

The influence of pre- and postnatal exposure to air pollution and green spaces on infant's gut microbiota: Results from the MAMI birth cohort study.

Background: Animal and human studies indicate that exposure to air pollution and natural environments might modulate the gut microbiota, but epidemiological evidence is very scarce.

Objectives: To assess the potential impact of pre- and postnatal exposure to air pollution and green spaces on infant gut microbiota assembly and trajectories during the first year of life.

Methods: MAMI ("MAternal MIcrobes") birth cohort (Valencia, Spain, N = 162) was used to study the impact of environmental exposure (acute and chronic) on infant gut microbiota during the first year of life (amplicon-based 16S rRNA sequencing).

The gut microbiota in persistent post-operative pain following breast cancer surgery.

Persistent post-surgical pain (PPSP) is defined as pain which continues after a surgical operation in a significant form for at least three months (and is not related to pre-existing painful conditions). PPSP is a common, under-recognised, and important clinical problem which affects millions of patients worldwide. Preventative measures which are currently available include the selection of a minimally invasive surgical technique and an aggressive multimodal perioperative analgesic regimen.

The role of genus in modulating the neonate microbiota: implications for antibiotic resistance acquisition in early life.

Resistance to antibiotics in newborns is a huge concern as their immune system is still developing, and infections and resistance acquisition in early life have short- and long-term consequences for their health. species are important commensals capable of dominating the infant gut microbiome and are known to be less prone to possess antimicrobial resistance genes than other taxa that may colonize infants. We aimed to study the association between -dominated infant gut microbiota and the antibiotic resistant gene load in neonates, and to ascertain the perinatal factors that may contribute to the antibiotic resistance acquisition.

Gut and respiratory tract microbiota in children younger than 12 months hospitalized for bronchiolitis compared with healthy children: can we predict the severity and medium-term respiratory outcome?

Unlabelled: Growing evidence indicates that gut and respiratory microbiota have a potential key effect on bronchiolitis, mainly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This was a prospective study of 96 infants comparing infants with bronchiolitis ( = 57, both RSV and non-RSV associated) to a control group ( = 39). Gut (feces) and respiratory [nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA)] microbial profiles were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and respiratory viruses were identified by PCR.

Fecal microbiota profiles of growing pigs and their relation to growth performance.

The early gut microbiota composition is fundamentally important for piglet health, affecting long-term microbiome development and immunity. In this study, the gut microbiota of postparturient dams was compared with that of their offspring in three Finnish pig farms at three growth phases. The differences in fecal microbiota of three study development groups (Good, Poorly, and PrematureDeath) were analyzed at birth (initial exposure phase), weaning (transitional phase), and before slaughter (stable phase).

Gut-gonad crosstalk in mice exposed to a "chemical cocktail" combining metabolomics and microbial profile by amplicon sequencing.

Testes are very prone to be damaged by environmental pollutants, but there is a lack of information about the impact of "chemical cocktails" (CC) on the testicular metabolome and the possible influence in the gut-gonad crosstalk. For this, BALB/c mice were given flumequine and diclofenac orally in food and potentially toxic trace elements (Cd, Hg, As) in drinking water. A mice group was supplemented with selenium, a well-known antagonist against many pollutants.

Role of vertical and horizontal microbial transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes in early life: insights from maternal-infant dyads.

Early life represents a critical window for metabolic, cognitive and immune system development, which is influenced by the maternal microbiome as well as the infant gut microbiome. Antibiotic exposure, mode of delivery and breastfeeding practices modulate the gut microbiome and the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Vertical and horizontal microbial gene transfer during early life and the mechanisms behind these transfers are being uncovered.

Fewer culturable Lactobacillaceae species identified in faecal samples of pigs performing manipulative behaviour.

Manipulative behaviour that consists of touching or close contact with ears or tails of pen mates is common in pigs and can become damaging. Manipulative behaviour was analysed from video recordings of 45-day-old pigs, and 15 manipulator-control pairs (n = 30) were formed. Controls neither received nor performed manipulative behaviour.

The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: implications for the developing immune system.

The gut microbiome has important roles in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial dysbiosis affects human physiology and health. Maternal immunity and microbial metabolites during pregnancy, microbial transfer during birth, and transfer of immune factors, microorganisms and metabolites via breastfeeding provide critical sources of early-life microbial and immune training, with important consequences for human health. Only a few studies have directly examined the interactions between the gut microbiome and the immune system during pregnancy, and the subsequent effect on offspring development.

Omics insights into the responses to dietary selenium.

Selenium is a well-known health-relevant element related with cancer chemoprevention, neuroprotective roles, beneficial in diabetes, and in several infectious diseases, among others. It is naturally present in some foods, but deficiency in people led to the production of nutraceuticals, supplements, and functional food enriched in this element. There is a U-shaped link between selenium levels and health and a narrow range between toxic and essential levels, and thus, supplementation should be performed carefully.

Research progress in microalgae nutrients: emerging extraction and purification technologies, digestive behavior, and potential effects on human gut.

Microalgae contain a diverse range of high-value compounds that can be utilized directly or fractionated to obtain components with even greater value-added potential. With the use of microalgae for food and medical purposes, there is a growing interest in their digestive properties and impact on human gut health. The extraction, separation, and purification of these components are key processes in the industrial application of microalgae.

Shifting pattern of gut microbiota in pregnant women two decades apart - an observational study.

Background: Past decades have witnessed a decrease in environmental biodiversity. We hypothesized a similar decrease in indigenous gut microbiota diversity, which may have contributed to the obesity epidemic.

Objective: To investigate the changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota in pregnant women over a period of 20 years.

Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Bacteria: Key Components of the Human Gut Microbiota.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a key role in health and disease, as they regulate gut homeostasis and their deficiency is involved in the pathogenesis of several disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer, and cardiometabolic disorders. SCFAs are metabolites of specific bacterial taxa of the human gut microbiota, and their production is influenced by specific foods or food supplements, mainly prebiotics, by the direct fostering of these taxa. This Review provides an overview of SCFAs' roles and functions, and of SCFA-producing bacteria, from their microbiological characteristics and taxonomy to the biochemical process that lead to the release of SCFAs.

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in breastmilk from convalescent and vaccinated mothers.

Breastmilk contains antibodies that could protect breastfed infants from infections. In this work, we examined if antibodies in breastmilk could neutralize SARS-CoV-2 in 84 breastmilk samples from women that were either vaccinated (Comirnaty, mRNA-1273, or ChAdOx1), infected with SARS-CoV-2, or both infected and vaccinated. The neutralization capacity of these sera was tested using pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus carrying either the Wuhan-Hu-1, Delta, or BA.