Metabolomics and microbiomics revealed the combined effects of different-sized polystyrene microplastics and imidacloprid on earthworm intestinal health and function.

The coexistence of pesticides and plastic film residues in agricultural soils poses a significant threat to soil organisms due to their potential long-term contamination and combined toxic effects. Specifically, earthworms are at risk of simultaneously ingesting residual pesticides and microplastics, yet the impact of this combined exposure on their intestinal health and function remains poorly understood. In this study, earthworm (Eisenia fetida) were single and combined exposed to three particle sizes (10 μm, 500 μm, and 2 mm) of polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) and imidacloprid (IMI) for 28 days, respectively.

A novel approach to managing facility airborne diseases: suppressing air pathogens with smoke aerosols generated from fungicide phase transition.

Background: Environmental microorganisms are major contributors to the development and spread of disease. Chemical disinfection can inhibit pathogens and play a preventive role against diseases. In agriculture, prolonging the floating time of chemical pesticides in the air has a positive effect on the control of airborne diseases.

Nutritional Status, Sex, and Ambient Temperature Modulate the Wingbeat Frequency of the Diamondback Moth .

The diamondback moth, L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a cosmopolitan horticultural pest that is undergoing a fast, climate-driven range expansion. Its wide geographic distribution, pest status, and high incidence of insecticide resistance are directly tied to long-distance migration.

Resistance Risk and Molecular Mechanism of Tomato Wilt Pathogen f. sp. to Pyraclostrobin.

Tomato wilt disease caused by f. sp. (Fol) results in a decrease in tomato yield and quality.

Covalent organic framework with donor-acceptor structure for rapid and sensitive photothermal sensing detection.

Given the serious harm caused by dietary intake of diethylstilbestrol (DES), it is urgent to explore rapid and sensitive DES sensing methods. In this work, a photothermal DES immunochromatography sensor based on covalent organic framework (COF) was constructed. The performance of COF in the field of photothermal sensing was systematically investigated for the first time.

Fate characteristics and risk quantification of cyflumetofen from tomato cultivation to processing based on large-scale applications.

Elucidating the fate characteristics of cyflumetofen and its main metabolite 2-TFMBA in tomato from cultivation to processing is crucial for safeguarding the environment and humans from hazardous effects. Cyflumetofen and 2-TFMBA could exist stably in tomato matrices for at least 343 days under frozen and dark conditions according to UHPLC-MS/MS, with a limit of quantitation of 0.001 mg/kg and retention time within 2.

Ecotoxicity and Risk to Zooplankton of a Novel Insecticide Used in Rice Paddies in a Simulated Ecosystem.

Diamide insecticides are widely used in rice paddies and pose a potential threat to aquatic organisms. However, the risk research related to their application in major rice-producing areas is very limited, especially mesocosm research to simulate the impact on aquatic ecosystems of long-term exposure, as well as exposure analysis based on local models and local scenarios. To assess potential risks from a novel diamide insecticide (tetrachlorantraniliprole) to aquatic nontarget organisms in the field over long-term exposure, an outdoor mesocosm study was performed, and the environmental concentrations were predicted by the multimedia paddy-pond model (TOPRICE).

The intrinsic resistance of Fusarium solani to the Fusarium-specific fungicide phenamacril is attributed to the natural variation of both T218S and K376M in myosin5.

Fusarium solani is responsible for causing root rot in various crops, resulting in wilting and eventual demise. Phenamacril, a specific inhibitor of myosin5 protein, has gained recognition as an effective fungicide against a broad spectrum of Fusarium species. It has been officially registered for controlling Fusarium diseases through spray application, root irrigation, and seed dipping.

Simultaneous determination of 27 pesticides in corn and cow matrices by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

In this paper, we developed a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method to determine pesticide residues in plant matrices (corn, fresh corn, fresh corn stover, old corn stover, and corn silage) and animal matrices (beef, fat, milk, milk fat, kidney, liver, and cow stomach) quantitatively. Twenty-seven pesticides were extracted with acetonitrile from all plant and animal matrices separately and purified with a mixture of primary secondary amine (PSA) and graphitized carbon black (GCB) or octadecylsilane (C). The average recoveries of these compounds ranged from 60.

Bioavailability evaluation of epoxiconazole and difenoconazole in rice and the influence of dissolved organic matter in reducing uptake and translocation.

The aim of this study was to assess the bioavailability of epoxiconazole (EPO) and difenoconazole (DIF) in rice plants by evaluating their uptake, translocation, and accumulation. The results showed that the concentration of DIF in the roots was approximately three times higher than EPO, and both accumulated mainly in the roots. In addition, EPO continued to be transported from stems to leaves, causing a rise in its concentration in leaves.

Glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) challenged thermoregulation in lizards (Eremias argus), compensatory warming could mitigate this effect.

Chemical pollution and global warming are two major threats to reptiles, and these two factors can interact with each other. Glyphosate have attracted worldwide attention due to their ubiquitous occurrence, yet their impact on reptiles remains unknown. We designed a crossover experiment with different external GBH exposures (control/GBH) x different environmental temperatures (current climate treatment/warmer climate treatment) over 60 days to simulate environmental exposure in the Mongolian Racerunner lizard (Eremias argus).

Development of an Online Genome Sequence Comparison Resource for Strains Using the Efficient Composition Vector Method.

An automated method was developed for differentiating closely related () species, especially biopesticide from other human pathogens, and (). In the current research, four typing methods were initially compared, including multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), single-copy core genes phylogenetic analysis (SCCGPA), dispensable genes content pattern analysis (DGCPA) and composition vector tree (CVTree), to analyze the genomic variability of 23 strains from , , , and serovars. The CVTree method was the best option to be used for typing strains since it proved to be the fastest method, whilst giving high-resolution data about the strains.

Improvement by application of three nanomaterials on flavor quality and physiological and antioxidant properties of tomato and their comparison.

In recent years, it has been found that the flavor quality of tomato is continuously reduced compared with the original tomato varieties. Studies have found that nanomaterials can improve crop quality, but the differences and related mechanisms among different nanomaterials were not reported. In this study, nano-Se, nano-TiO and nano-CeO were spraying on tomato, and the effects of the three nanomaterials on the flavor quality and physiological and antioxidant properties of fruits were analyzed and compared.

Toxicity Tests for Chemical Pesticide Registration: Requirement Differences among the United States, the European Union, Japan, and China?

Pesticide registration is a scientific, legal, and administrative process that checks if a pesticide is safe and effective for its intended use before it can be used. The toxicity test is a key part of pesticide registration, which includes human health and ecological effect testing. Different countries adopt their own toxicity test criteria for pesticide registration guidelines.

The effect of abamectin application in combination with agronomic measures on the control efficacy of cucumber root-knot nematodes and the cucumber yield.

Background: As a registered non-fumigant nematicide, abamectin has been widely used as a soil treatment against many cash crop nematode diseases. In a previous study, we found that soil adsorption hindered the stable performance of abamectin against root-knot nematodes in the field.

Results: In this study, an efficient and labor-saving application method of soil blending abamectin combined with rotary tillage, a common agronomic measure, was developed to improve the efficacy of abamectin against root-knot nematode disease.

Residues and dietary risk assessment of fluazinam in root mustard after field experiments.

The residue levels of fluazinam in root mustard were investigated by using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) technique with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Samples of leaf and root mustard were analyzed. The recoveries of fluazinam were 85.

Sex-specific effects of propiconazole on the molting of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis).

Given the inevitable exposure of Eriocheir sinensis (E. sinensis) to fungicides in rice-crab co-culture systems, understanding the potential effect of fungisides is important for practical application. Molting is a crucial development process of E.

A Specific High Toxicity of Xinjunan (Dioctyldiethylenetriamine) to by Affecting the Iron Metabolism.

spp. encompass a wide range of phytopathogens that brings great economic losses to various crops. Rational use of pesticides is one of the effective means to control the diseases.

Abiotic transformation of kresoxim-methyl in aquatic environments: Structure elucidation of transformation products by LC-HRMS and toxicity assessment.

In this study, abiotic transformation of an important strobilurin fungicide, kresoxim-methyl, was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions for the first time by studying its kinetics of hydrolysis and photolysis, degradation pathways and toxicity of possibly formed transformation products (TPs). The results indicated that kresoxim-methyl showed a fast degradation in pH9 solutions with DT of 0.5 d but relatively stable under neutral or acidic environments in the dark.