triggers pneumonia epidemic in autumn and winter in Beijing: a multicentre, population-based epidemiological study between 2015 and 2020.

The objective of this paper is to explore the characteristics of (MP) epidemics in Beijing, China. Patients with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) were enrolled from 35 sentinel hospitals in Beijing, 2015-2020. Their medical records were reviewed and respiratory specimens were collected for assay for nucleic acids of 24 respiratory pathogens, including MP.

Genetic diversity and epidemiological features of respiratory syncytial virus, Beijing, 2015-2019: A multicenter and all-age groups study.

Objective: To investigate the genetic variability and the epidemiological features of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Beijing during five consecutive seasons from 2015 to 2019.

Methods: We collected 36,927 samples (ages ranged from 1 day to 101 years old) from cases with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) using the Respiratory Pathogens Surveillance System (RPSS) in Beijing, 2015-2019. G gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed to identify RSV genotypes, clusters, and amino acid (aa) changes.

Barriers and facilitators to uptake and promotion of influenza vaccination among health care workers in the community in Beijing, China: A qualitative study.

Background: In the prevention and control of influenza, it is important for healthcare workers (HCWs) to be vaccinated and recommend influenza vaccines to their patients. However, there is limited evidence on the factors influencing uptake and promotion of influenza vaccination to patients among HCWs in China.

Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews among HCWs in community health centers, including general practitioners (GPs) and preventive health workers (PHWs), during January to February 2017.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease among 73,566 Individuals in Beijing, China.

The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is rarely reported in Beijing. The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of MAFLD among Beijing adults aged ≥25 years old. A cross-sectional, community-based survey with multistage stratified cluster sampling was used.

Repeated influenza vaccination and hospitalization outcomes among older patients with cardiovascular or respiratory diseases.

Influenza vaccination in a single season protects against hospitalization outcomes among older adults hospitalized for cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, but the effectiveness of repeated influenza vaccination is less clear. Four hospitalization outcomes (in-hospital death, re-admission, length of stay, and direct medical costs) were extracted from the Beijing Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance database in 2015-2016 for adults aged ≥60 years hospitalized for cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. Vaccination status during three influenza seasons (2013/2014-2015/2016) was ascertained through linkages to the Beijing Elderly Influenza Vaccination database.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines in Beijing: A modeling analysis.

Background: Since 2007, Beijing has offered a free trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) for residents aged ≥ 60 years and school students. The quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) was administered to school children in 2018 and will be administered to elderly adults in the future. In addition, health care workers (HCWs) who are involved in the prevention and control of COVID-19 were included in the program in 2020.

Exploration of a new hepatitis a surveillance system in Beijing, China: based on molecular epidemiology.

Background: The incidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is low in Beijing, China, but the risk of outbreaks still exists. It is difficult to identify possible sources of infection among sporadic cases based on a routine surveillance system. Therefore, a more effective surveillance system needs to be established.

Heterologous prime-boost regimens with HAdV-5 and NDV vectors elicit stronger immune responses to Ebola virus than homologous regimens in mice.

The 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa resulted in more than 11,000 deaths, highlighting the need for a vaccine. A phase I clinical trial of a human adenovirus type 5 vector-based Ebola virus (EBOV) vaccine (HAdV-5-MakGP) showed that a homologous prime-boost regimen with HAdV-5 vaccine elicited a robust humoral response but a weak cellular immune response. Due to pre-existing anti-vector immunity, boosting with the same vaccine did not increase the magnitude of the cellular immune response, which contributes significantly to protection against EBOV infection.

Non-prescriptionxx antibiotic use for people aged 15 years or older for cough in China: a community-based survey.

Background: Non-prescription antibiotic use at community is a main driver of antimicrobial resistance. Cough is a common condition and prevalent in all townships, including China. This study aims to investigate the non-prescription antibiotic use for cough in China and explore to which extent antibiotic use knowledge was correctly instructed in communities.

Immune Responses to Adjuvanted H7N9 Split Antigen in Aged Mice.

The avian influenza A H7N9 virus has caused severe infection and high mortality in humans. It can be extremely hazardous to the elderly since age might diminish the immune response, and poor immunogenicity of H7 hemagglutinin could diminish the vaccine efficacy in this population. To overcome this issue, adjuvants are used to induce a stronger immune response.

[Safety and immunogenicity analysis of recombinant （hansenula polymorpha) hepatitis B vaccine （CpG ODN adjuvant) among adults: the preliminary results of phase I clinical trial].

To evaluate the safety and immune effect of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine （CpG ODN adjuvant). On Oct. 26, 2016, we launched volunteer recruitment in Kaihua county, Quzhou city, Zhejiang Province.

Influenza Vaccination and Hospitalization Outcomes Among Older Patients With Cardiovascular or Respiratory Diseases.

Background: Influenza vaccination has been suggested to protect against death and recurrent events among patients with cardiovascular disease or chronic obstructive respiratory disease, but there is limited evidence in older adults, who have higher risks of influenza-associated hospitalization and mortality.

Methods: Patients aged ≥60 years hospitalized for cardiovascular or respiratory diseases from the Beijing Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance database during 3 influenza seasons (2013-2014 through 2015-2016) were pooled to estimate the effects of influenza vaccination on hospitalization outcomes. Vaccination status was ascertained through cross-referencing the Beijing Elderly Influenza Vaccination database.

Hepatitis B infection in the general population of China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in China. Over a decade has passed since the last National Hepatitis Seroepidemiological Survey was conducted in 2006. The lack of updated data on hepatitis B in China makes assessing the current prevalence and burden of the disease inadequate.

Upsurge of Enterovirus D68 and Circulation of the New Subclade D3 and Subclade B3 in Beijing, China, 2016.

We conducted a surveillance among acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) cases to define the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and genetic variations of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in Beijing, China from 2015 to 2017. Nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum were collected from 30 sentinel hospitals in Beijing and subjected to EV and EV-D68 detection by real-time PCR. The VP1 gene region and complete genome sequences of EV-D68 positive cases were analyzed.

[Post-marketing safety analysis of inactivated enterovirus A71 vaccines].

To evaluate the safety of inactivated enterovirus A71(EV-A71) vaccines after large-scale immunization in the community. We selected EV-A71 susceptible people (healthy children) aged 6-59 months in vaccination clinics from 89 counties in Zhejiang Province between April 2016 and March 2018. All local and systematic adverse actions were collected by 30 min on-site inspection, within 3 days and 4-30 days follow-up.

Distribution of the atypical pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia to disease severity.

Background: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of 11 atypical pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among Chinese, and to determine whether or not there is an association between these pathogens and the severity of illness.

Methods: We conducted a surveillance study for CAP in 30 hospitals of Beijing. Epidemiological data and clinical specimens were systematically collected from enrolled CAP patients.

Actinomyces vulturis sp. nov., isolated from Gyps himalayensis.

Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming short rods (VUL7T and VUL8) were isolated from rectal swabs of Old World vultures, namely Gyps himalayensis, in Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, China. Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 6-7, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences classified the two strains to the genus Actinomyces, with highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (95 %) to type strains of Actinomyces haliotis, Actinomyces radicidentis and Actinomyces urogenitalis.

Actinomyces liubingyangii sp. nov. isolated from the vulture Gypaetus barbatus.

Two strains (VUL4_1T and VUL4_2) of Gram-staining-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming short rods were isolated from rectal swabs of Old World vultures (Gypaetus barbatus) in the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, China. Analysis of morphological characteristics and biochemical tests indicated that the two strains closely resembled each other but were distinct from other species of the genus Actinomyces previously described. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison and genome analysis, strains were determined to be members of the genus Actinomyces, closely related to the type strains of Actinomyces marimammalium (96.

The suppression of innate immune response by human rhinovirus C.

Rhinovirus C (RV-C), a newly identified group of human rhinoviruses (RVs), is associated with exacerbation of severe asthma. The type I interferon (IFN) response induced by this virus and the mechanisms of evasion of IFN-mediated innate immunity for RV-C remain unclear. In this study, we constructed a full-length cDNA clone of RV-C (LZ651) from a clinical sample.

[Epidemiological characteristics and vertification analysis for acute hepatitis B in Beijing, 2005-2014].

To analyze epidemiological characteristics of acute hepatitis B(aHPB)in Beijing and to recheck epidemiology and laboratory results of aHPB cases in the sampling area. We analyzed epidemiological characteristics of aHPB cases reported in National Notifiable Disease Reporting System(NNDRS)from 2005 to 2014 in Beijing, using a stratified cluster sampling method and based on the average reported incidence of hepatitis B from 2005 to 2011 in NNDRS, we projected 430 aHPB cases in the sampling area from 2012 to 2014, for which 307 received blood sample retesting. Inclusion criteria of aHPB cases were those living in Beijing more than 1 year, using name, sex, age, or identity card number as key fields to verify that they had not been previously reported in the database.