Juvenile agile frogs spatially avoid ranavirus-infected conspecifics.

Exposure to contagious pathogens can result in behavioural changes, which can alter the spread of infectious diseases. Healthy individuals can express generalized social distancing or avoid the sources of infection, while infected individuals can show passive or active self-isolation. Amphibians are globally threatened by contagious diseases, yet their behavioural responses to infections are scarcely known.

Survey in Captive Non-Human Primates, Italy.

Circoviruses (CVs) and cycloviruses (CyVs), members of the family , have been identified only occasionally in non-human primates (NHPs). In this study, we investigated the presence and genetic features of these viruses in 48 NHPs housed in the Bioparco-Rome Zoological Garden (Italy) and in the Anima Natura Wild Sanctuary Semproniano (Grosseto, Italy), testing fecal, saliva, and serum samples with a broadly reactive consensus nested PCR able of amplifying a partial region of the replicase (Rep) gene of members of the family . Viral DNA was detected in a total of 10 samples, including a saliva swab and 9 fecal samples collected, respectively from five Japanese macaques () and four mandrills (), with an overall prevalence of 18.

Seroprevalence of emerging hepatitis E virus in patients with acute hepatitis between 2004 and 2018 in Csongrád County, Hungary.

Objectives: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has recently become endemic in Europe, however, it is often a remnant neglected by clinicians as the causative agent of acute and chronic hepatitis and is often misdiagnosed as a drug-induced liver injury. The infection rate in European pig farms is estimated to be around 15-20%, therefore, the primary source of HEV infections might be poorly prepared pork meat. As HEV infections may occur more often in clinical practice than previously thought, the present paper aims to analyse the seroprevalence of HEV in patients with acute hepatitis over a period of 14 years in Csongrád County, Hungary.

Evaluation of Haematological and Immunological Parameters of the ASFV Lv17/WB/Rie1 Strain and Its Derived Mutant Lv17/WB/Rie1/d110-11L against ASFV Challenge Infection in Domestic Pigs.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a haemorrhagic disease that threatens the global pig industry. There is an urgency to develop a safe and efficient vaccine, but the knowledge of the immune-pathogenetic mechanisms behind ASFV infection is still very limited. In this paper, we evaluated the haematological and immunological parameters of domestic pigs vaccinated with the ASFV Lv17/WB/Rie1 strain or its derived mutant Lv17/WB/Rie1/d110-11L and then challenged with virulent Armenia/07 ASFV.

Hybrid sequencing discloses unique aspects of the transcriptomic architecture in equid alphaherpesvirus 1.

This study employed both short-read sequencing (SRS, Illumina) and long-read sequencing (LRS Oxford Nanopore Technologies) platforms to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) transcriptome. The study involved the annotation of canonical mRNAs and their transcript variants, encompassing transcription start site (TSS) and transcription end site (TES) isoforms, in addition to alternative splicing forms. Furthermore, the study revealed the presence of numerous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules, including intergenic and antisense transcripts, produced by EHV-1.

Involvement of the MGF 110-11L Gene in the African Swine Fever Replication and Virulence.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal hemorrhagic viral disease that causes extensive economic and animal welfare losses in the Eurasian pig () population. To date, no effective and safe vaccines have been marketed against ASF. A starting point for vaccine development is using naturally occurring attenuated strains as a vaccine base.

In-Depth Temporal Transcriptome Profiling of an Alphaherpesvirus Using Nanopore Sequencing.

In this work, a long-read sequencing (LRS) technique based on the Oxford Nanopore Technology MinION platform was used for quantifying and kinetic characterization of the poly(A) fraction of bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) lytic transcriptome across a 12-h infection period. Amplification-based LRS techniques frequently generate artefactual transcription reads and are biased towards the production of shorter amplicons. To avoid these undesired effects, we applied direct cDNA sequencing, an amplification-free technique.

Identification and detection of mutations potentially associated with decreased susceptibility to macrolides and lincomycin in Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis isolates.

Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis infection is associated with the inflammation of the genital tract and cloaca, embryo lethality and decreased egg production in geese, leading to serious economic losses. This bacterium has so far been described in Europe and Asia. There is no commercially available vaccine against M.

Comparison of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Isolates From Rooks () and Contemporary Human-Derived Strains: A One Health Perspective.

During winter, a large number of rooks gather and defecate at the park of a university clinic. We investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing in these birds and compared recovered isolates with contemporary human isolates. In 2016, fecal samples were collected from 112 trap-captured rooks and investigated for presence of ESBL producers using eosin methylene blue agar supplemented by 2 mg/L cefotaxime; 2,455 contemporary human fecal samples of patients of the clinics sent for routine culturing were tested similarly.

Evidence of Mycoplasma spp. transmission by migratory wild geese.

Mycoplasma infections have been found in different species of waterfowl worldwide. However, the question of how the pathogens have been transmitted and dispersed is still poorly understood. Samples collected from clinically healthy greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) (N = 12), graylag geese (Anser anser) (N = 6), taiga bean geese (Anser fabalis) (N = 10), and barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) (N = 1) were tested for Mycoplasma spp.

Latrocimicinae completes the phylogeny of Cimicidae: meeting old morphologic data rather than modern host phylogeny.

The family Cimicidae includes obligate hematophagous ectoparasites (bed bugs and their relatives) with high veterinary/medical importance. The evolutionary relationships of Cimicidae and their hosts have recently been reported in a phylogenetic context, but in the relevant study, one of the six subfamilies, the bat-specific Latrocimicinae, was not represented. In this study the only known species of Latrocimicinae, i.

Genetic Variability of PRRSV Vaccine Strains Used in the National Eradication Programme, Hungary.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a globally spread, highly infectious viral disease. Live, attenuated vaccines against PRRS virus (PRRSV) decrease virus excretion and evoke protective immunity reducing the economic damage caused by the disease. In a longitudinal molecular epidemiological study accompanying ongoing national eradication programme we evaluated the suitability of PRRSV ORF5 and ORF7 sequences to identify possible field strains of vaccine-origin.

Maternally Derived Antibody Levels Influence on Vaccine Protection against PCV2d Challenge.

Piglets from a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) stable farm of low and high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) against PCV2 were vaccinated either with a whole virus type or a PCV2 ORF2 antigen-based commercial subunit vaccine at three weeks of age. Two non-vaccinated groups served as low and high MDA positive controls. At four weeks post vaccination, all piglets were challenged with a PCV2d-2 type virus strain and were checked for parameters related to vaccine protection over a four-week observation period.

The occurrence of known species (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) from Indian major carps with the description of n. sp. in West Bengal.

Myxosporean infection of Indian major carps (rohu, ; catla, ; mrigal, ) was examined from two fish farms and two fish markets in West Bengal, India. One and four species were detected from the fins and scales of the investigated species. Comprehensive morphological and molecular biological studies revealed four already known species, from the fins of rohu, from the scales of rohu, from the fins of catla, and from the fins of mrigal.

First isolation of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli from geese (Anser anser domestica) and first description of atypical EPEC from turkeys and pigeons in Hungary.

Background: Escherichia coli is a bacterial species widely distributed among mammals and avian species, and also a member of the normal intestinal microbiota. However, some E. coli strains of different pathotypes can cause disease in both humans and animals.

Complete genome sequence of a novel fish papillomavirus detected in farmed wels catfish (Silurus glanis).

A novel papillomavirus (PV) was detected in farmed wels catfish (Silurus glanis) in Hungary showing clinical signs resembling those of wels catfish herpesvirus disease. The whole genome of Silurus glanis papillomavirus 1 (SgPV1) was identified using next-generation sequencing. The 5,612-bp complete genome contains four predicted protein coding regions (E1, E2, L1, and L2), which seem to have homologues in every PV genome sequenced to date.

An alien parasite affects local fauna-Confirmation of (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) switching hosts and infecting native (Actinopterygii: Siluridae) in Hungary.

In 2016, an intense copepod infection was recorded from a reservoir in proximity to the Danube River in Hungary from visibly emaciated wels catfish, . The parasite-induced pathology was described but parasite identity was not conclusive. Additional sample collections in 2017 and 2018 allowed for identification using both light and scanning electron microscopy, alongside genetic characterisation.

New data on Achmerov, 1955 (Myxosporea, Myxobolidae) a parasite of the common carp (, L.): The actinospore stage, intrapiscine tissue preference and molecular sequence.

, Achmerov, 1955 is a well-known myxozoan parasite of the common carp ( L.). Infection regularly manifests in numerous macroscopic cysts on the fins of two to three month-old pond-cultured carp fingerlings in July and August.

Evidence of the American was introduced along with its host in Europe: Molecular and histological data.

The American pumpkinseed , was introduced to Europe more than one hundred years ago. Currently it is a common fish in European freshwaters but relatively few specific parasites infect this fish in this new habitat. In Europe only a single species, seems to represent the American myxosporean fauna of centrarchid fishes.

Novel prophage-like sequences in Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis.

Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis is a bacterial waterfowl pathogen. In these days of growing antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to search for alternative methods of defense against Mycoplasma impacts in flocks. In order to identify prophage-like sequences, three established bioinformatics tools (PHASTER, PhiSpy, Prophage Hunter) were used in this study for the in silico screening of 82 M.

Emergence in 2017-2019 of novel reassortant equine-like G3 rotavirus strains in Palermo, Sicily.

Rotavirus A (RVA) is a major etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Hospital-based surveillance of viral gastroenteritis in paediatric population in Palermo (Italy) from 2017 onwards revealed a sharp increase in G3P[8] RVAs, accounting for 71% of all the RVAs detected in 2019. This pattern had not been observed before in Italy, with G3 RVA usually being detected at rates lower than 3%.

Comparison of four PCR and two point of care assays used in the laboratory detection of SARS-CoV-2.

Seeing the global emergence and the lack of a definitive cure for COVID-19, it is essential to find the most sensitive and specific detection method to identify infected patients in a timely manner. Our paper aims to compare the clinical sensitivity of different commercial RT-qPCR (Genesig, 1copy, DNA-Techonolgy and Charité primer-probe sets), isothermal PCR (Ustar Isothermal Amplification-Real Time Fluorescent Assay) and immunochromatographic antigen detection (BIOCREDIT COVID-19 Ag) assays developed to use in laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. A total of 119 nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from symptomatic patients.

Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus belonging to the Asfarviridae family. Despite its agricultural importance, little is known about the fundamental molecular mechanisms of this pathogen. Short-read sequencing (SRS) can produce a huge amount of high-precision sequencing reads for transcriptomic profiling, but it is inefficient for comprehensively annotating transcriptomes.