Screen time, weight status and the self-concept of physical attractiveness in adolescents.

Adolescents in modern societies spend about 3 h per day in front of small recreational screens. The present study aims at investigating the relationships between screen time and different indicators of overweight. In addition, associations with the self-concept of physical attractiveness and perceived weight status will be examined.

Relationship between early symptoms of alcohol craving and binge drinking 2.5 years later.

Background: The first self-reported symptoms of nicotine dependence (e.g., as craving) can appear within days to weeks of the onset of occasional use, and the appearance of symptoms predicts future consumption and dependence.

Did limits on payments for tobacco placements in US movies affect how movies are made?

Objective: To compare how smoking was depicted in Hollywood movies before and after an intervention limiting paid product placement for cigarette brands.

Design: Correlational analysis.

Setting/participants: Top box office hits released in the USA primarily between 1988 and 2011 (n=2134).

Latent classes of polysubstance use among adolescents-a systematic review.

Background: This systematic review aims to summarize latent classes of polysubstance use in adolescents (10-19 years), and to describe predictors of polysubstance use.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in three databases (PUBMED, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES) to identify peer-reviewed articles on latent classes of adolescent polysubstance use (published through June 30, 2015), and to assess the comparability of their results.

Results: 23 studies (N=450-N=419,698) met the inclusion criteria.

Internet Alcohol Marketing and Underage Alcohol Use.

Background And Objective: Internet alcohol marketing is not well studied despite its prevalence and potential accessibility and attractiveness to youth. The objective was to examine longitudinal associations between self-reported engagement with Internet alcohol marketing and alcohol use transitions in youth.

Methods: A US sample of 2012 youths aged 15 to 20 was surveyed in 2011.

'Klar bleiben': a school-based alcohol prevention programme for German adolescents-study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: There is a noticeable increase in hazardous alcohol use during adolescence, which is significantly associated with adverse consequences. In Germany, up to 30% of adolescents report regular heavy episodic drinking. However, only a few German prevention programmes target adolescents of legal drinking age (16 years and above); thus, this trial aims to develop, implement and evaluate 'Klar bleiben' ('Stay clearheaded'), a school-based prevention programme for grade 10 students.

Comparison of tobacco and alcohol use in films produced in Europe, Latin America, and the United States.

Background: Studies that have evaluated tobacco and alcohol portrayals in films have mainly focused on US films. Our aim is to describe tobacco and alcohol portrayals in nationally produced films from six European and two Latin American countries, and compare them with US produced films.

Methods: A sample of 337 nationally produced and 502 US produced films, consisting of top grossing films from 2004 to 2009 in each country, was content coded for presence of tobacco or alcohol and seconds of tobacco or alcohol use.

Prospective effects of pedometer use and class competitions on physical activity in youth: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the immediate effects of a school-based multi-component program to foster a physically active lifestyle in adolescence.

Design/participants: In a cluster-randomized controlled trial with pre- and post-assessment in 2014, 29 schools with 1162 8th grade students (48% girls) from Germany were included. Age ranged from 12 to 17 years (M=13.

Moderation, mediation - or even both? School climate and the association between peer and adolescent alcohol use.

Introduction: Ample studies discuss the enhancing effects of peer drinking on student alcohol use. In addition, there is vast research on school climate impact on student alcohol use. Though these two areas are intertwined for most young adolescents, it is heretofore not completely clear, in what way these characteristics functionally interact and affect drinking behavior.

Multiple substance use patterns in adolescents-A multilevel latent class analysis.

Background: Multiple substance use among adolescents is associated with a number of negative consequences. Therefore, we aim to investigate multiple substance use patterns among young adolescents and identify possible multilevel predictors.

Methods: We analyzed a longitudinal sample of 2490 German students (51% male; Mage=13.

Content Themes of Alcohol Advertising in U.S. Television-Latent Class Analysis.

Background: There is little alcohol research that reports on the thematic contents of contemporary alcohol advertisements in U.S. television.

The Role of Substance-Specific Skills and Cognitions in the Effectiveness of a School-Based Prevention Program on Smoking Incidence.

"Eigenständig werden 5+6" (Becoming independent 5+6) is a German school-based smoking prevention program that draws on social competence and social influence approaches. It was investigated whether the program's effect on smoking onset is mediated by substance-specific skills and cognitions such as knowledge, attitudes/risk perception, normative expectations, resistance skills, and refusal self-efficacy. Multiple mediation analyses revealed a statistically significant total indirect effect that accounted for 30.

Sedentary behavior, depressed affect, and indicators of mental well-being in adolescence: Does the screen only matter for girls?

The study investigated the effects of sedentary behavior (SB) on mental well-being and examined differences between screen-based (sSB) and non-screen-based sedentary behaviors (nSB) separately by gender. In a total sample of 1296 students (609 girls) aged 12-17 (m = 13.7, SD = 0.

Sedentary behavior and indicators of mental health in school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Objective: The presented systematic review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of studies assessing the relationship between sedentary behavior and indicators of mental health in school-aged children and adolescents.

Methods: Six online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus) as well as personal libraries and reference lists of existing literature were searched for eligible studies.

Results: Ninety-one studies met all inclusion criteria.

Risk factors for e-cigarette, conventional cigarette, and dual use in German adolescents: a cohort study.

Objective: Little is known about risk factors that are associated with e-cigarette use in adolescents.

Methods: Multilevel mixed-effects regressions were performed to assess the relationship between factors that might be associated with e-cigarette, conventional cigarette and dual use in a cohort of 2693 German adolescents (mean age=12.5 years; SD=0.

Effects of a brief school-based media literacy intervention on digital media use in adolescents: cluster randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a four-session school-based media literacy curriculum on adolescent computer gaming and Internet use behavior. The study comprised a cluster randomized controlled trial with three assessments (baseline, posttest, and 12-month follow-up). At baseline, a total of 2,303 sixth and seventh grade adolescents from 27 secondary schools were assessed.

Threatening shapes: the impact of simple geometric configurations on peripheral physiological markers.

The fast and reliable neuronal and behavioral responses to negative affective stimuli have been suggested to be at least partly based on the processing of simple geometric configurations within complex visual stimuli. In this context, one line of experimental and neuroimaging evidence suggests that simple V-shaped stimuli result in patterns of neuronal activation and behavioral responses akin to pictures of negative facial expressions. The present study investigated the effects of circles as well as upward and downward pointing triangles in healthy young adults on three peripheral physiological markers - skin conductance response (SCR), facial EMG, and startle reflex - in order to further narrow the gap between neuroimaging findings and behavioral data regarding the impact of geometric shapes.

Favourite alcohol advertisements and binge drinking among adolescents: a cross-cultural cohort study.

Aims: To investigate the association between having a favourite alcohol advertisement and binge drinking among European adolescents.

Design: Data were obtained from a longitudinal observational study on relationships between smoking and drinking and film tobacco and alcohol exposures.

Setting: State-funded schools.

Characteristics of initial fearful spells and their associations with DSM-IV panic attacks and panic disorder in adolescents and young adults from the community.

Background: Few studies examined characteristics of initial fearful spells (FS) or panic attacks (PA) and their relation to DSM-IV PA and panic disorder (PD).

Methods: A community sample of adolescents and young adults (N=3021) was followed up in 4 waves (T0-T3) over up to 10 years. FS, PA, and PD were assessed at each wave using the DSM-IV/M-CIDI.

Portrayal of alcohol consumption in movies and drinking initiation in low-risk adolescents.

Objectives: To investigate the hypothesis that exposure to alcohol consumption in movies affects the likelihood that low-risk adolescents will start to drink alcohol.

Methods: Longitudinal study of 2346 adolescent never drinkers who also reported at baseline intent to not to do so in the next 12 months (mean age 12.9 years, SD = 1.

Effects of a school-based prevention programme on smoking in early adolescence: a 6-month follow-up of the 'Eigenstandig werden' cluster randomised trial.

Objectives: To test the effects of a school-based prevention programme on students' smoking-related behaviour, attitudes and knowledge 6 months after implementation over 2 school-years has ended.

Design: Two-arm prospective cluster randomised controlled trial with a follow-up survey 6 months after end of programme implementation, that is, 26 months after baseline.

Setting: 45 public secondary schools from four federal states in Germany (Bremen, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia, Schleswig-Holstein).

"läuft."--a school-based multi-component program to establish a physically active lifestyle in adolescence: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: Physical activity during childhood and adolescence is associated with substantial health benefits and tracks into adulthood. Nevertheless, only 22.7% of German adolescents are sufficiently physically active.

Smoking in European adolescents: relation between media influences, family affluence, and migration background.

Seeing smoking depictions in movies has been identified as a determinant of smoking in adolescents. Little is known about how such media influences interact with other social risk factors. Differences in smoking rates in different socio-economic status groups might be explainable by differences in media exposure.

From never to daily smoking in 30 months: the predictive value of tobacco and non-tobacco advertising exposure.

Objective: To test the specificity of the association between tobacco advertising and youth smoking initiation.

Design: Longitudinal survey with a 30 month interval.

Setting: 21 public schools in three German states.

Smoking in movies and adolescent smoking initiation: longitudinal study in six European countries.

Background: Longitudinal studies from the U.S. suggest a causal relationship between exposure to images of smoking in movies and adolescent smoking onset.