Use of Electronic Cigarettes as a Predictor of Cannabis Experimentation: A Longitudinal Study Among German Youth.

Introduction: Experimentation with e-cigarettes is rising among youth, and there are concerns that e-cigarettes could be a new risk factor for initiating substance use. This study aimed to investigate whether e-cigarette use longitudinally predicts experimentation with cannabis.

Aims And Methods: During 2017-2019, a prospective cohort study with an observation period of 18 months was conducted with 3040 students from Germany who had never used cannabis (mean age = 14.

Enhancement motivations for using prescription drugs among young adults in Nigeria.

Background: The desire for enhancement is a common motive for non-medical use of prescription drugs in Western countries. Little is known about the factors that motivate use in non-Western contexts.

Methods: The study explores access to prescription drugs and the motivations for using them among educated young adults in a city located in Anambra State, South-Eastern Nigeria.

Alcohol consumption, harms and policy developments in sub-Saharan Africa: The case for stronger national and regional responses.

Issues: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has long been characterised as a region with weak alcohol policies, high proportions of abstainers and heavy episodic drinkers (among drinkers), and as a target for market expansion by global alcohol producers. However, inter-regional analyses of these issues are seldom conducted.

Approach: Focusing mainly on the period 2000-2016, we compare alcohol consumption and harms, alcohol policy developments and alcohol industry activities over time and across the four sub-regions of SSA.

Effects of alcohol warning labels on alcohol-related cognitions among German adolescents: A factorial experiment.

There is evidence that alcohol warning labels (AWL) can have preventive effects on alcohol-related cognitions and behavior, but it is less clear how children and adolescents react to AWL. A total of 9260 German students aged 10-17 participated in a three-factorial experiment, embedded in a health survey. The first experimental factor was the position of the AWL on the questionnaire (before vs.

Alcohol Labeling Regulations and Industry Compliance in Nigeria: Evidence to Guide Policy Implementation.

Objective: Alcohol labeling raises consumers' awareness of a product's composition and the risks associated with alcohol consumption. We identified mandatory elements and health warnings in alcohol regulations in Nigeria and evaluated selected product labels on alcoholic beverages produced in Nigeria to determine their compliance with the requirements.

Method: A descriptive case study was used.

Association between bullying victimization and e-cigarette use among German students.

This study examined the association between bullying victimization and e-cigarette use. Data from a 2019-2020 German student survey were used (N = 16,476). The target population consisted of students enrolled in grades 5-10, with a mean age of 13.

Use of a Patient Information Leaflet on Oro-Dental Care During Radiotherapy.

Purpose: A patient information leaflet (PIL) on oral and dental care during radiotherapy was tested whether and at which time during therapy it would be helpful to increase the knowledge about the therapy and the resulting side effects and the management of these. Additionally, the participants' subjective perception of being well informed about the topic was examined.

Participants And Methods: Surveys were conducted in August 2018-April 2019, at the University Hospitals Halle and Leipzig (Germany).

Association of energy drink consumption with substance-use initiation among adolescents: A 12-month longitudinal study.

Background: Aggressive marketing has resulted in exponential growth of energy drink sales in recent years. Despite growing concerns about the negative health effects of energy drinks, they are increasingly popular among young people. Little is known about temporal associations between energy drink consumption and other drug use, though some researchers have suggested that energy drink consumption reflects an entry into a drug-using lifestyle.

Electronic cigarette advertising and teen smoking initiation.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between recall of exposure to e-cigarette advertisements and initial use of e-cigarettes, conventional cigarettes and hookahs one year later among German adolescents.

Methods: Longitudinal school-based survey with a sample of 4,529 German adolescents (mean age = 12.5 years, SD = 1.

Untangling Influences in the Longitudinal Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Drinking Frequency in High School.

Purpose: In young people, alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms are related, but the temporal ordering of the relationship is an open question. Previous studies have not disaggregated influences of interindividual and intraindividual components affecting the relationship. We investigated whether a reciprocal relationship between frequency of alcohol use and depressive symptoms exists in the general population of adolescents after removing interindividual influences.

Short term effects of a weight loss and healthy lifestyle programme for overweight and obese men delivered by German football clubs.

Numbers of obese and overweight people continue to grow in Germany as they do worldwide. Men are affected more often but do less about it and few weight loss services attract men in particular. To evaluate the effectiveness of a men-only weight loss programme, Football Fans in Training (FFIT), delivered by football clubs in the German Bundesliga, we did a non-randomized trial with a waiting list control group.

Cessation of cannabis use: A retrospective cohort study.

Given recent findings of a worldwide increase in cannabis use, a better understanding of the factors associated with cannabis use is needed. Most previous studies have focused on factors that predict the initiation of cannabis use, but less is known about factors associated with cessation. The present study is a retrospective cohort study of 6467 current or former cannabis users aged 15 to 46 years (mean age 22.

Energy drink consumption among German adolescents: Prevalence, correlates, and predictors of initiation.

Background: Energy drinks (EDs) have become popular worldwide. Despite growing concerns about negative health effects of ED, they are increasingly popular among adolescents, yet little is known about the context and patterns of ED use in adolescents.

Objective: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of ED use as well as initiation rates and predictors among German adolescents over a one-year period.

Electronic cigarette marketing and smoking behaviour in adolescence: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between exposure to electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) advertisements and use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes and hookahs. A cross-sectional survey of 6902 German students (mean age 13.1 years, 51.

Effects of a School-Based Pedometer Intervention in Adolescents: 1-Year Follow-Up of a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is one of the most important health behaviors that may be modified by each individual. To foster PA in adolescents, a school-based intervention was evaluated.

Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial with preassessment in 2014 and follow-up assessment in 2015 included 29 schools with 1020 students (47.

E-Cigarettes and the Use of Conventional Cigarettes.

Background: In 2015, 12.1% of 12- to 17-year-olds in Germany had reportedly already tried e-cigarette smoking at least once. We carried out a study of the "gateway" hypothesis, according to which the use of e-cigarettes can motivate adolescents to start smoking conventional cigarettes.

Preventing Binge Drinking in Adolescents.

Background: In a survey taken in Germany in 2015, 14.1% of the 12- to 17-year-olds surveyed had practiced binge drinking at least once in the preceding 30 days. The school program "Klar bleiben" ("Keep a Clear Head") was designed for and implemented among 10th graders.

Relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sedentary behavior in adolescence: a cross-sectional study.

Existing studies reveal that high levels of sedentary behavior are associated with more inattention and hyperactivity problems. Since most previous studies used screen time as an indicator of sedentary behavior and assessed symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by short screening measures which do not allow to distinguish between subtypes of ADHD, the current study aimed to investigate association between different types of sedentary behavior and symptoms and subtypes of ADHD. The current cross-sectional study analyzed data of 913 students (46.

Motivational Aspects and Critical Issues of a Pedometer Intervention in Adolescents.

Background: Existing research shows significant effects of pedometer interventions on students' physical activity (PA). The current study investigates motivational aspects of quantitative increases in PA in the course of a school-based pedometer intervention for adolescents using qualitative data analysis. In addition, critical issues regarding pedometer use in adolescence were examined.

Longitudinal Relationships of Fitness, Physical Activity, and Weight Status With Academic Achievement in Adolescents.

Background: To examine associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity (PA) and weight status with academic achievement 1 year later. In addition, the mediating role of psychological variables was tested.

Methods: Longitudinal analyses included 1011 German students (M = 14.

Risky decision-making under risk in schizophrenia: A deliberate choice?

Background And Objectives: Patients with schizophrenia reveal impaired decision-making strategies causing social, financial and health care problems. The extent to which deficits in decision-making reflect intentional risky choices in schizophrenia is still under debate. Based on previous studies we expected patients with schizophrenia to reveal a riskier performance on the GDT and to make more disadvantageous decisions on the IGT.

The party effect: prediction of future alcohol use based on exposure to specific alcohol advertising content.

Aims: To test whether exposure to party-related alcohol advertising is associated with drinking behavior in a national US sample of adolescents and young adults, independently of exposure to other alcohol advertising.

Design: Longitudinal telephone- and web-based surveys conducted in 2011 and 2013.

Setting: All regions of the United States, participants selected via mixed-mode random-digit-dial landline and cellphone frames.

Exposure to Gambling Advertisements and Gambling Behavior in Young People.

A cross-sectional survey of 4617 adolescents and young adults from 38 schools in two German states was conducted in 2014 to assess the association between gambling advertisements and gambling behavior. Exposure to ten gambling advertisements was measured with masked ad images; students indicated contact frequency and brand recall. Main outcomes were several gambling behaviors including probable pathological gambling assessed with the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS ≥ 5).

Polysubstance use patterns and trajectories in vocational students--a latent transition analysis.

Background: The transition from late adolescence to early adulthood (16-20 years) represents a time of exploration and self-discovery for many young people. As such, it is often associated with experimentation in substance use. Vocational students in particular report high substance use.