Long-term impact of tillage on microbial communities of an Eastern European Chernozem.

As conservation agricultural practices continue to spread, there is a need to understand how reduced tillage impacts soil microbes. Effects of no till (NT) and disk till (DT) relative to moldboard plow (MP) were investigated in a long-term experiment established on Chernozem. Results showed that conservation practices, especially NT, increased total, active and microbial biomass carbon.

Gridded, temporally referenced spatial information on soil organic carbon for Hungary.

Soil organic carbon (SOC), known as the most important soil attribute, affects various soil functions and services, essential for nutritious food and clean drinking water. Since recognizing its key role in many environmental challenges, there has been an increasing demand for spatial information on SOC. Our objective is to present the results of a mapping activity aimed at producing spatially exhaustive information on SOC content, density, and stock for the topsoils of Hungary for 1992 and 2000.

Modeling adsorption reactions of ammonium perchlorate on rutile and anatase surfaces.

In this work, the effects of two TiO polymorphs on the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (NHClO) were studied experimentally and theoretically. The interactions between AP and various surfaces of TiO were modeled using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Specifically, the adsorption of AP on three rutile surfaces (1 1 0), (1 0 0), and (0 0 1), as well as two anatase surfaces (1 0 1), and (0 0 1) were modeled using cluster models, along with the decomposition of adsorbed AP into small molecules.

Changes in the taxonomic composition of soil bacterial communities under different inter-row tillage managements in a sloping vineyard of the Balaton Uplands (Hungary).

The common grape (Vitis vinifera L.) has been cultivated for thousands of years. Nowadays, it is cultivated using a variety of tillage practices that affect the structure of the soil microbial communities and thus the health of the vine.

Enhancing Micropropagation of : Insights from PGRs, Natural Extracts, and pH Optimization.

The endangered plant species faces threats to its survival in the wild, necessitating the development of effective micropropagation techniques for potential reintroduction efforts. This study demonstrates that effectively reproduces on MS synthetic medium with diverse plant growth regulators (PGR) and natural extracts, facilitating swift micropropagation for potential future reintroduction endeavors. It highlights the substantial impact of PGR composition and natural extracts on the growth and development of .

Soil Parameters and Forest Structure Commonly Form the Microbiome Composition and Activity of Topsoil Layers in Planted Forests.

Soil bacterial communities play a remarkable role in nutrient cycling, significantly affecting soil organic material content, soil fertility, and, in an indirect way, plant succession processes. Conversely, vegetation type influences microbial soil life. The present study compared the bacterial microbiome composition, diversity and catabolic activity profile of topsoil samples collected under three different forest types (a twice-coppiced black locust stand, a young, naturally reforested, and a middle-aged mixed pedunculate oak stand) planted on former arable land in the early 20th century.

Enhancing tomato fruit antioxidant potential through hydrogen nanobubble irrigation.

Eating fruits and vegetables loaded with natural antioxidants can boost human health considerably and help fight off diseases linked to oxidative stress. Hydrogen has unique antioxidant effects. However, its low-solubility and fast-diffusion has limited its applications in agriculture.

Detection of plant cadmium toxicity by monitoring dielectric response of intact root systems on a fine timescale.

The root dielectric response was measured on a minute scale to assess its efficiency for monitoring short-term cadmium (Cd) toxicity non-destructively. Electrical capacitance (C), dissipation factor (D) and electrical conductance (G) were detected during the 24 to 168 h after Cd treatment (0, 20, 50 mg Cd kg substrate) in potted maize, cucumber and pea. Stress was also evaluated by measuring leaf chlorophyll content, F/F and stomatal conductance (g) in situ, and shoot and root mass and total root length after harvest.

Vis-NIR spectroscopy based rapid and non-destructive method to quantitate microplastics: An emerging contaminant in farm soil.

Microplastics (MPs) is the second most important environmental issue and can potentially enter into food chain through farmland contamination and other means. There are no standardized extraction methods for quantification of MPs in soil. The embedded errors and biases generated serious problems regarding the comparability of different studies and leading to erroneous estimation.

Response of the metabolic activity and taxonomic composition of bacterial communities to mosaically varying soil salinity and alkalinity.

Soil salinity and sodicity is a worldwide problem that affects the composition and activity of bacterial communities and results from elevated salt and sodium contents. Depending on the degree of environmental pressure and the combined effect of other factors, haloalkalitolerant and haloalkaliphilic bacterial communities will be selected. These bacteria play a potential role in the maintenance and restoration of salt-affected soils; however, until recently, only a limited number of studies have simultaneously studied the bacterial diversity and activity of saline-sodic soils.

Learning vs. understanding: When does artificial intelligence outperform process-based modeling in soil organic carbon prediction?

In recent years, machine learning (ML) algorithms have gained substantial recognition for ecological modeling across various temporal and spatial scales. However, little evaluation has been conducted for the prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) on small data sets commonly inherent to long-term soil ecological research. In this context, the performance of ML algorithms for SOC prediction has never been tested against traditional process-based modeling approaches.

From EU-SoilHydroGrids to HU-SoilHydroGrids: A leap forward in soil hydraulic mapping.

Spatially explicit, quantitative information on soil hydraulic properties is required in various modelling schemes. At European scale, EU-SoilHydroGrids proved its applicability in a number of studies, in ecological predictions, geological and hydrological hazard assessment, agri-environmental models, among others. Inspired by its continental antecedent, an analogous, but larger scale, national, 3D soil hydraulic database was elaborated for the territory of Hungary (HU-SoilHydroGrids) supported by various improvements (i-iv) in the computation process.

Soil-Plant-Water Systems and Interactions.

To comprehend the soil-plant-water system and how its constituents interact with each other, it is essential to better understand its effect on ecosystems [...

Geospatial data on the sediments of Lake Balaton.

Freshwater lakes in most inhabited areas of the world are threatened by water quality issues. Standard water conservation measures have shown efficiency in the past; however, polluted lakes have only partially recovered from eutrophication. Our knowledge is still incomplete about the sensitivity of these lakes to different anthropogenic sources and to the changes in their internal processes due to global warming.

Monitoring of plant water uptake by measuring root dielectric properties on a fine timescale: diurnal changes and response to leaf excision.

Background: The measurement of root dielectric response is a useful non-destructive method to evaluate root growth and function. Previous studies tracked root development throughout the plant growing cycle by single-time electrical measurements taken repeatedly. However, it is known that root conductivity and uptake activity can change rapidly, coupled with the day/night cycles of photosynthetic and transpiration rate.

Investigation on the true identity of Stach, 1929 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) with the description of a new species.

The present paper gives a detailed and illustrated redescription of Stach, 1929, and the description of a new species collected from open sand steppe habitat in Hungary. Based on the colour pattern, Winkler, Flórián & Dányi, is close to Stach, 1963 but differs from it by the morphology of the labral papillae and the dorsal macrochaetotaxy of the head, Th II, and Abd II-IV. The new species is also characterised by dark ventral body colouration in adult specimens.

Arsenic uptake and accumulation in bean and lettuce plants at different developmental stages.

The pattern of arsenic (As) uptake at different developmental stages in plants and its consequent influence on the growth of plants was investigated in bean and lettuce. Further, the human health risk from the consumption of these As-laced vegetables was determined. The irrigation water was contaminated with As at concentrations of 0.

PADAPT 1.0 - the Pannonian Dataset of Plant Traits.

The existing plant trait databases' applicability is limited for studies dealing with the flora and vegetation of the eastern and central part of Europe and for large-scale comparisons across regions, mostly because their geographical data coverage is limited and they incorporate records from several different sources, often from regions with markedly different climatic conditions. These problems motivated the compilation of a regional dataset for the flora of the Pannonian region (Eastern Central Europe). PADAPT, the Pannonian Dataset of Plant Traits relies on regional data sources and collates data on 54 traits and attributes of the plant species of the Pannonian region.

Effects of different types of vegetation cover on soil microorganisms and humus characteristics of soda-saline land in the Songnen Plain.

Introduction: In the soda-saline grasslands of the Songnen Plain, Jilin Province, China, the prohibition of grazing has led to significant changes in plant communities and soil properties. However, the intricate interplay between soil physical and chemical attributes, the soil microbial community, and their combined influence on soil humus composition remains poorly understood.

Methods: Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of natural vegetation restoration on soil properties, microbial community diversity, and composition in the soda-saline soil region of the Songnen Plain.

Soil biological activity after a sixty-year fertilization practice in a wheat-maize crop rotation.

This study aimed to survey the long-term effects of fertilization practices on the functional diversity of the soil microbiota. A 60-year fertilization experiment with mineral fertilizers, farmyard manure and combined treatments was sampled in two consecutive years in maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.