Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Pain and Discrimination Among Black Adults with Sickle Cell Disease: A Mixed Methods Evaluation of an Adapted Chronic Pain Intervention.

Purpose: This study sought to adapt a chronic pain group curriculum for adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). Given the association of experiences of racism and discrimination with health outcomes, this study also explored how such experiences for patients with SCD impact their interactions with clinicians and health-care systems.

Patients And Methods: This mixed methods study recruited patients (aged ≥18 years) in a sickle cell treatment program; all self-identified as Black or African American.

Role of preoperative CT imaging in penetrating thoraco-abdominal injuries: A multicenter study of urban trauma centers.

Introduction: Management of penetrating thoracoabdominal (PTA) injuries with signs of hemorrhage have warranted operative intervention but improved imaging capabilities have redefined interventions required. We examined outcomes of hemodynamically stable patients undergoing preoperative CT imaging with the hypothesis that CT imaging would decrease OR time without delaying OR arrival.

Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was performed amongst four urban trauma centers examining hemodynamically stable patients with PTA injuries requiring operative intervention from January 2017-December 2021.

A Validated Calculator to Estimate Risk of Chorioamnionitis in Laboring and Induced Patients at Term.

Objective:  Chorioamnionitis is associated with neonatal morbidity and infection-related mortality, but our ability to predict intrapartum infection is limited. We sought to derive and validate a prediction model for chorioamnionitis among patients presenting to labor and delivery at term.

Study Design:  This was a planned secondary analysis of a large cohort study from 2014 through 2018 at an academic tertiary care center.

Mental Health Care Resource Utilization of Victims of Interpersonal Violence in the Novel Coronavirus Era.

Introduction: Higher incidences of interpersonal violence were reported throughout the country during the coronavirus (COVID) time period. We aimed to compare health-care encounters and resource utilization related to interpersonal violence with mental health (MH) disorders before and during the pandemic within a year of the index visit for interpersonal violence.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Delaware Healthcare Claims data of all patients aged ≥16 y who suffered interpersonal violence was performed.

Oxygen saturation and work of breathing indices in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared to healthy preterm infants at discharge.

Background: Thoracoabdominal asynchrony (TAA) is commonly seen in preterm infants. Respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) is a noninvasive way to objectively assess work of breathing (WOB) indices. The impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on TAA at discharge has not been established.

Empowering Victims of Lived Violence: Delaware's Hospital Violence Intervention Program (HVIP).

Hospital Violence Intervention Programs (HVIP) are increasingly implemented across a variety of healthcare-associated contexts to prevent and address violent intentional injury. We describe the establishment of a health system funded HVIP in Delaware and the direct experiences of staff and violence-specialized Community Health Workers.

An incentive-based text-messaging intervention to reduce maternal alcohol use during pregnancy and lactation in South Africa (MaRISA study): Findings from a single-arm pilot study.

Background: South Africa has the highest rate of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) globally. As with alcohol use during pregnancy, alcohol consumption while breastfeeding adversely impacts infant development. We pilot tested an incentive-based text-messaging intervention to reduce alcohol use during pregnancy and lactation in South Africa.

Efficacy of probiotic in preventing necrotic enteritis in broilers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Probiotics can enhance broiler chicken health by improving intestinal microbiota, potentially replacing antibiotics. They protect against bacterial diseases like necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry. Understanding their role is crucial for managing bacterial diseases, including NE.

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Lung Cancer in Delaware.

Background: COVID-19 has greatly impacted the U.S. health system.

Racial and ethnic inequities in the quality of paediatric care in the USA: a review of quantitative evidence.

Racial and ethnic inequities in paediatric care have received increased research attention over the past two decades, particularly in the past 5 years, alongside an increased societal focus on racism. In this Series paper, the first in a two-part Series focused on racism and child health in the USA, we summarise evidence on racial and ethnic inequities in the quality of paediatric care. We review studies published between Jan 1, 2017 and July 31, 2022, that are adjusted for or stratified by insurance status to account for group differences in access, and we exclude studies in which differences in access are probably driven by patient preferences or the appropriateness of intervention.

Early-Life Digital Media Experiences and Development of Atypical Sensory Processing.

Importance: Atypical sensory processing is challenging for children and families, yet there is limited understanding of its associated risk factors.

Objective: To determine the association between early-life digital media exposure and sensory processing outcomes among toddlers.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter US study used data that were analyzed from the National Children's Study (NCS), a cohort study of environmental influences on child health and development, with enrollment from 2011 to 2014.

COVID-19 in hospitalized adult patients with sickle cell disease: A 2020 US cohort using Cerner Real-World Data (CRWD).

We used Cerner Real-World Data™, representing hospital admission records from 2020, to examine patients with co-occurring sickle cell disease and COVID-19 by discharge disposition grouped as death/hospice versus transfers to other facilities, returned home, or left against medical advice. Among the death/hospice group, we found older age and higher rates of congestive heart failure and diabetes. There were also significant differences in tachypnea, mechanical ventilation, minimum O saturation, and length of stay with higher rates in the death/hospice group.

"I Think There's Only Two Fields for That": Hospital Registrar Attitudes and Practices for Collecting Patient Gender Identity Data.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the experiences of hospital registrars in collecting gender identity data.

Methods: A qualitative study that thematically analyzed key informant interviews with 37 registrars regarding their attitudes and practices in collecting gender identity data.

Results: Collection of gender identity is influenced by (1) system-level barriers, (2) discrepancies in source of truth for documentation, and (3) registrars' underlying attitudes and behaviors.

Identification of risk factors for infection after mitral valve surgery through machine learning approaches.

Background: Selecting features related to postoperative infection following cardiac surgery was highly valuable for effective intervention. We used machine learning methods to identify critical perioperative infection-related variables after mitral valve surgery and construct a prediction model.

Methods: Participants comprised 1223 patients who underwent cardiac valvular surgery at eight large centers in China.

The Association of Maternal Smoking and Drinking Changes During Pregnancy and Postpartum Breastfeeding Pattern and Duration.

To conduct a secondary data analysis of how changes in smoking and drinking during pregnancy impact status of any breastfeeding and breastfeeding duration in a national cohort. A cross-sectional study was conducted using Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data between 2009 and 2017 ( = 334,203). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on the status of any breastfeeding and breastfeeding duration.

Pediatric primary care clinicians' views on needs and challenges in caring for infants with intrauterine opioid exposure and their families.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy has risen in the U.S. over the past two decades, resulting in a growing number of children with intrauterine opioid exposure (IOE).

Factors Affecting BMI Changes in Mothers during the First Year Postpartum.

We tested the hypotheses that mothers of infants who exclusively breastfed would differ in the trajectories of postpartum BMI changes than mothers of infants who exclusively formula fed, but such benefits would differ based on the maternal BMI status prepregnancy (primary hypothesis) and that psychological eating behavior traits would have independent effects on postpartum BMI changes (secondary hypothesis). To these aims, linear mixed-effects models analyzed measured anthropometric data collected monthly from 0.5 month (baseline) to 1 year postpartum from two groups of mothers distinct in infant feeding modality (Lactating vs.

Reducing Exposure to Tobacco Retailers with Residential Zoning Policy: Insights from a Geospatial Analysis of Wilmington, Delaware.

Cigarette use remains the leading preventable cause of premature mortality in the US, with declines in smoking rates slowing in recent years. One promising target for improved tobacco control is the expanded regulation of tobacco retailers. Evaluations of such policy attempts have largely produced mixed results to date.

Geographic and social economic disparities in the risk of exposure to ambient air respiratory toxicants at Oklahoma licensed early care and education facilities.

Background: Early life exposures to hazardous air pollutants has been associated with adverse asthma-related outcomes. Neighborhood-level social and economic factors play an essential role in the distribution of hazardous air pollutants and children spend a substantial amount of time at early care and education (ECE) facilities. While the indoor air quality of these facilities has been described, particularly for criteria air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds and particulate matter, little is known about the ambient air quality of ECE facilities.

Relationship Between Human Milk Feeding Patterns and Growth in the First Year of Life in Infants with Congenital Heart Defects.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between patterning of human milk feeding and growth of infants with congenital heart defects in the first year of life. Inclusion criteria for this prospective cohort study included infants 0-21 days, who had undergone or had planned neonatal corrective or palliative surgery prior to hospital discharge, and whose mothers planned to feed human milk. Data on anthropometric measures (weight, length, head circumference) and infant milk type (human milk, formula, other) were collected at nine time points (0.

Legal Needs, Health, and Health Care Utilization Among Patients Participating in the Delaware Medical Legal Partnership.

Context: Unmet legal needs can exacerbate health disparities and contribute to a lack of adherence to treatment plans and medical recommendations for care. Medical legal partnerships (MLPs) are integrated health care and legal aid interventions offered by many health systems in the United States. Although much research has been published regarding the success of MLPs with specific patient groups, there is a gap in literature regarding the nature of MLPs in a more general, at-risk patient population.

Feasibility of a Novel COVID-19 Telehealth Care Management Program Among Individuals Receiving Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: Analysis of a Pilot Program.

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 exacerbated the existing epidemic of opioid use disorder (OUD) across the United States due to the disruption of in-person treatment and support services. Increased use of technology including telehealth and the development of new partnerships may facilitate coordinated treatment interventions that comprehensively address the health and well-being of individuals with OUD.

Objective: The analysis of this pilot program aimed to determine the feasibility of delivering a COVID-19 telehealth care management program using SMS text messages for patients receiving OUD treatment.