Lipidomics-driven drug discovery and delivery strategies in glioblastoma.

With few viable treatment options, glioblastoma (GBM) is still one of the most aggressive and deadly types of brain cancer. Recent developments in lipidomics have demonstrated the potential of lipid metabolism as a therapeutic target in GBM. The thorough examination of lipids in biological systems, or lipidomics, is essential to comprehending the changed lipid profiles found in GBM, which are linked to the tumor's ability to grow, survive, and resist treatment.

Role of D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors within the CA1 hippocampal region in the stress-induced antinociceptive response in the exposure to acute pain.

Exposure to stressful conditions such as forced swim stress (FSS) induces antinociception. Previous reports determined that dopamine receptors in the CA1 hippocampal area are important in chronic pain processing. Considering that neural mechanisms behind acute and chronic pain differ significantly, in this study, we have investigated the role of dopamine receptors within the CA1 region in the FSS-induced antinociceptive response in the acute pain induced by the tail-flick test in the rat.

Attention modulates human visual responses to objects by tuning sharpening.

Visual stimuli compete with each other for cortical processing and attention biases this competition in favor of the attended stimulus. How does the relationship between the stimuli affect the strength of this attentional bias? Here, we used functional MRI to explore the effect of target-distractor similarity in neural representation on attentional modulation in the human visual cortex using univariate and multivariate pattern analyses. Using stimuli from four object categories (human bodies, cats, cars, and houses), we investigated attentional effects in the primary visual area V1, the object-selective regions LO and pFs, the body-selective region EBA, and the scene-selective region PPA.

Epigenomic and clinical analyses of striatal DAT binding in healthy individuals reveal well-known loci of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding is a sensitive and specific endophenotype for detecting dopaminergic deficits across Parkinson's disease (PD) spectrum. Molecular and clinical signatures of PD in asymptomatic phases help understand the earliest pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease. We aimed to investigate whether blood epigenetic markers are associated with inter-individual variation of striatal DAT binding among healthy elderly individuals.

Search for violation in decays in proton-proton collisions at .

A search is reported for charge-parity violation in decays, using data collected in proton-proton collisions at recorded by the CMS experiment in 2018. The analysis uses a dedicated data set that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 41.6 , which consists of about 10 billion events containing a pair of b hadrons, nearly all of which decay to charm hadrons.

The interaction effects between opioidergic and D1-like dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens on pain-related behaviors in the animal model of acute pain.

The opioidergic and dopaminergic systems play an essential role in processing pain information in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The present work examined the hypothesis that interaction between opioidergic and D1-like dopamine receptors in the NAc area may influence acute pain-related behaviors. One hundred sixty adult male Wistar rats unilaterally received different doses of the drug solution or vehicle.

Search for Soft Unclustered Energy Patterns in Proton-Proton Collisions at 13 TeV.

The first search for soft unclustered energy patterns (SUEPs) is performed using an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, collected in 2016-2018 by the CMS detector at the LHC. Such SUEPs are predicted by hidden valley models with a new, confining force with a large 't Hooft coupling. In events with boosted topologies, selected by high-threshold hadronic triggers, the multiplicity and sphericity of clustered tracks are used to reject the background from standard model quantum chromodynamics.

Frontotemporal network contribution to occluded face processing.

Primates are known for their exceptional ability to recognize faces. However, we still have much to learn about how their brains process faces when they are partially hidden. When we cover parts of a face, it affects how our brains respond, even though we still perceive the face as a whole.

Custom-made Implants for Chronic In Vivo Electrophysiological Recording From Primate's Brain Based on the Reconstructed Skull Model.

Introduction: In vivo neural recordings from primates require the installation of implants on the skull of the animal. Despite some improvements, current routines risk predisposition to infection and failure or impose constant discomfort by placing heaviness on the top of the head.

Methods: A custom-designed imaging adapter was obtained by magnetic resonance and computerized tomography (CT) imaging of the head region.

Interactions between the fovea and the periphery shape misbinding of visual features in a continuous report paradigm.

Human object perception depends on the proper integration of multiple visual features, such as color and motion. When features are integrated incorrectly, they are perceptually misbound and can cause illusions. This study investigates the phenomenon of continuous misbinding of color and motion features in peripheral vision, addressing the role of spatial continuity and color configuration in binding processes.

Characterization of Schiff base self-healing hydrogels by dynamic speckle pattern analysis.

Self-healing hydrogels are emerging materials capable of restoring functionality after damage, making them highly suitable for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery. In this study, we synthesize and characterize a novel biodegradable, conductive, and self-healing hydrogel. The synthesis is based on a Schiff base formed between gelatin and hyaluronic acid, and the dynamic reversible Schiff base bond provides the self-healing property.

Cannabidiol Plays a Modulatory Function on the Methamphetamine-Induced Reward Through Hippocampal D2-Like Dopamine Receptors.

Methamphetamine (METH), a stimulant that is extremely addictive, directly affects the central nervous system. METH's abuse and consumption are directly linked to mental illnesses, psychosis, and behavioral and cognitive impairments. It may disrupt the reward system and dopaminergic transmission.

3D morphometry of endothelial cells angiogenesis in an extracellular matrix composite hydrogel.

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) play a fundamental role in angiogenesis. Herein, we introduce digital holographic microscopy (DHM) for the 3D quantitative morphological analysis of HUVECs in extracellular matrix (ECM)-based biomaterials as an angiogenesis model. The combination of volumetric information from DHM and the physicochemical and cytobiocompatibility data provided by fluorescence microscopy and cytology offers a comprehensive understanding of the angiogenesis-related parameters of HUVECs within the ECM.

Navigating space: how fine and gross motor expertise influence spatial abilities at different scales.

Spatial ability, essential for navigating and interacting with the environment, comprises small-scale (e.g., mental rotation) and large-scale (e.

Microglia-dependent peripheral neuropathic pain in adulthood following adolescent exposure to morphine in male rats.

Persistent effects of adolescent morphine exposure on neurobiological processes and behaviors in adulthood have been partially identified. Hypersensitivity following adolescent exposure to morphine is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon whose underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of microglia in neuropathic pain sensitivity following adolescent morphine exposure, focused on hippocampal genes expression and plasticity.

Event Horizon Telescope observations exclude compact objects in baseline mimetic gravity.

Mimetic gravity has gained significant appeal in cosmological contexts, but static spherically symmetric space-times within the baseline theory are highly non-trivial: the two natural solutions are a naked singularity and a black hole space-time obtained through an appropriate gluing procedure. We study the shadow properties of these two objects, finding both to be pathological. In particular, the naked singularity does not cast a shadow, whereas the black hole casts a shadow which is too small.

40 Hz light preserves synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial function in Alzheimer's disease model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia. Its causes are not fully understood, but it is now known that factors like mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and compromised ion channels contribute to its onset and progression. Flickering light therapy has shown promise in AD treatment, though its mechanisms remain unclear.

Impact of light polarization on laser speckle contrast imaging with a custom phantom for microvascular flow.

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a non-invasive, powerful, and cost-effective imaging technique that has seen widespread adoption across various medical fields, particularly for blood flow imaging. While LSCI provides physicians with valuable insights into changes or occlusions in blood flow, the technique is susceptible to various factors and parameters that can impact measurement sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These include the scattering of light, which can affect the quality and reliability of the LSCI data.

Spatiotemporal hierarchies of face representation in the human ventral temporal cortex.

In this study, we examined the relatively unexplored realm of face perception, investigating the activities within human brain face-selective regions during the observation of faces at both subordinate and superordinate levels. We recorded intracranial EEG signals from the ventral temporal cortex in neurosurgical patients implanted with subdural electrodes during viewing of face subcategories (human, mammal, bird, and marine faces) as well as various non-face control stimuli. The results revealed a noteworthy correlation in response patterns across all face-selective areas in the ventral temporal cortex, not only within the same face category but also extending to different face categories.

Search for the Z Boson Decay to ττμμ in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

The first search for the Z boson decay to ττμμ at the CERN LHC is presented, based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1}. The data are compatible with the predicted background. For the first time, an upper limit at the 95% confidence level of 6.

Diversity of ancestral brainstem noradrenergic neurons across species and multiple biological factors.

The brainstem region, locus coeruleus (LC), has been remarkably conserved across vertebrates. Evolution has woven the LC into wide-ranging neural circuits that influence functions as broad as autonomic systems, the stress response, nociception, sleep, and high-level cognition among others. Given this conservation, there is a strong possibility that LC activity is inherently similar across species, and furthermore that age, sex, and brain state influence LC activity similarly across species.

Target controllability: a feed-forward greedy algorithm in complex networks, meeting Kalman's rank condition.

Motivation: The concept of controllability within complex networks is pivotal in determining the minimal set of driver vertices required for the exertion of external signals, thereby enabling control over the entire network's vertices. Target controllability further refines this concept by focusing on a subset of vertices within the network as the specific targets for control, both of which are known to be NP-hard problems. Crucially, the effectiveness of the driver set in achieving control of the network is contingent upon satisfying a specific rank condition, as introduced by Kalman.