Mechanical and microbiological properties and drug release modeling of an etch-and-rinse adhesive containing copper nanoparticles.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of addition of copper nanoparticles (CN) at different concentrations into a two-step etch-and-rinse (2-ER) adhesive on antimicrobial activity (AMA), copper release (CR), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (WS), solubility (SO), as well as the immediate (IM) and 1-year resin-dentin bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL).

Methods: Seven adhesives were formulated according to the addition of CN (0, 0.0075, 0.

The Netrin-4/ Neogenin-1 axis promotes neuroblastoma cell survival and migration.

Neogenin-1 (NEO1) is a transmembrane receptor involved in axonal guidance, angiogenesis, neuronal cell migration and cell death, during both embryonic development and adult homeostasis. It has been described as a dependence receptor, because it promotes cell death in the absence of its ligands (Netrin and Repulsive Guidance Molecule (RGM) families) and cell survival when they are present. Although NEO1 and its ligands are involved in tumor progression, their precise role in tumor cell survival and migration remain unclear.

Comparison of muscle activity between subjects with or without lip competence: Electromyographic activity of lips, supra- and infrahyoid muscles.

Aim: This study compares the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the muscles from the lips and hyoid bone in subjects with or without lip competence.

Methodology: Two groups of 20 subjects each, with or without lip competence were studied. EMG activity of the superior orbicularis oris (SOO), inferior orbicularis oris (IOO), suprahyoid (SH) and infrahyoid (IH) muscles was recorded with the subject seated in the upright position during the following tasks: (1) at rest; (2) speaking; (3) swallowing; (4) forced deep breathing; (5) maximal voluntary clenching; and (6) chewing.

Prevalence of Candida albicans and carriage of Candida non-albicans in the saliva of preschool children, according to their caries status.

Objective: This study was conducted to establish associations among the Candida carriage rate, the diversity of Candida species carried and the different caries status of preschool children.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-one children between 2 and 5 years of age were examined by a single expert examiner and were divided into three groups, the caries-free, moderate caries and severe caries groups, according to the criteria of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS). Saliva samples were obtained from the members of each group and were plated on Sabouraud agar plates to assess the Candida carriage rates.

Extracellular matrix-specific Caveolin-1 phosphorylation on tyrosine 14 is linked to augmented melanoma metastasis but not tumorigenesis.

Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a scaffolding protein that plays a dual role in cancer. In advanced stages of this disease, CAV1 expression in tumor cells is associated with enhanced metastatic potential, while, at earlier stages, CAV1 functions as a tumor suppressor. We recently implicated CAV1 phosphorylation on tyrosine 14 (Y14) in CAV1-enhanced cell migration.

Inhibition of the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase induces orofacial defects in zebrafish.

Background: Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are common birth defects, which include a range of disorders with a complex etiology affecting formation of craniofacial structures. Some forms of syndromic OFCs are produced by defects in the cholesterol pathway. The principal enzyme of the cholesterol pathway is the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR).

The deleterious effect of cholesterol and protection by quercetin on mitochondrial bioenergetics of pancreatic β-cells, glycemic control and inflammation: In vitro and in vivo studies.

Studying rats fed high cholesterol diet and a pancreatic β-cell line (Min6), we aimed to determine the mechanisms by which quercetin protects against cholesterol-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and impairments in glycemic control. Quercetin prevented the increase in total plasma cholesterol, but only partially prevented the high cholesterol diet-induced alterations in lipid profile. Quercetin prevented cholesterol-induced decreases in pancreatic ATP levels and mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction in Min6 cells, including decreases in mitochondrial membrane potentials and coupling efficiency in the mitochondrial respiration (basal and maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP-linked OCR and reserve capacity).

NOX2 Inhibition Impairs Early Muscle Gene Expression Induced by a Single Exercise Bout.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate as signaling molecules in response to exercise in skeletal muscle. However, the source of ROS and the molecular mechanisms involved in these phenomena are still not completely understood. The aim of this work was to study the role of skeletal muscle NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2) in the molecular response to physical exercise in skeletal muscle.

Frequency of sucrose exposure on the cariogenicity of a biofilm-caries model.

Objective: Although sucrose is considered the most cariogenic carbohydrate in the human diet, the question of how many exposures are needed to induce damage on the hard dental tissues remains unclear. To approach this question, different frequencies of daily sucrose exposure were tested on a relevant biological caries model.

Materials And Methods: Biofilms of the Streptococcus mutans were formed on enamel slabs and exposed to cariogenic challenges with 10% sucrose for 5 min at 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, or 10 times per day.

Maternal biomarkers of methylation status and non-syndromic orofacial cleft risk: a meta-analysis.

Animal models have shown evidence of the role of maternal methyl donor status and its metabolism (one-carbon metabolism) in normal embryonic maxillofacial development. Nevertheless, studies in humans have shown conflicting results for the association of maternal methylation status biomarkers in the aetiology of the main craniofacial birth defects: non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs). The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis assessing the relationship between maternal levels of methylation status biomarkers (plasma and erythrocyte folates and plasma vitamin B12 and homocysteine) and the risk of NSOFCs.

Hypoxia promotes Rab5 activation, leading to tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis.

Hypoxia, a common condition of the tumor microenvironment, is associated with poor patient prognosis, tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Recent evidence suggests that hypoxia alters endosome dynamics in tumor cells, leading to augmented cell proliferation and migration and this is particularly relevant, because endosomal components have been shown to be deregulated in cancer. The early endosome protein Rab5 is a small GTPase that promotes integrin trafficking, focal adhesion turnover, Rac1 activation, tumor cell migration and invasion.

Degradation of dentin-bonded interfaces treated with collagen cross-linking agents in a cariogenic oral environment: An in situ study.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of treatment using collagen cross-linking agents as primer on resin-dentin bond interfaces subjected to cariogenic oral environment (COE).

Methods: Each of forty human teeth had two cavities (4×4×1.5mm) prepared within enamel margins.

Assessment of electromyographic activity in patients with temporomandibular disorders and natural mediotrusive occlusal contact during chewing and tooth grinding.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of a natural mediotrusive contact influences electromyographic (EMG) pattern activity in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

Method: Bilateral surface EMG activity of the anterior temporalis (AT), masseter (MM), and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles was recorded in 43 subjects during unilateral chewing and tooth grinding. Thirteen patients had TMD and a natural mediotrusive contact (Group 1), 15 had TMD without a natural mediotrusive contact (Group 2), and 15 were healthy subjects without mediotrusive contacts (Group 3).

Collagen cross-linkers on dentin bonding: Stability of the adhesive interfaces, degree of conversion of the adhesive, cytotoxicity and in situ MMP inhibition.

Objective: To investigate the effect of collagen cross-links on the stability of adhesive properties, the degree of conversion within the hybrid layer, cytotoxicity and the inhibition potential of the MMPs' activity.

Methods: The dentin surfaces of human molars were acid-etched and treated with primers containing: 6.5wt% proanthocyanidin, UVA-activated 0.

Effects of breathing type on electromyographic activity of respiratory muscles at different body positions.

Aim: To compare the effect of breathing type on the activity of respiratory muscles at different body positions.

Methodology: Two groups of 20 subjects each, one with upper costal and the other with costodiaphragmatic breathing, were studied. Electromyographic activity of sternocleidomastoid (SCM), diaphragm (DIA), external intercostal (EIC), and latissimus dorsi (LAT) muscles was recorded at standing and lateral decubitus positions during swallowing and maximal voluntary clenching.

Astaxanthin Protects Primary Hippocampal Neurons against Noxious Effects of Aβ-Oligomers.

Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the ensuing oxidative stress contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathology. We reported previously that amyloid-β peptide oligomers (AβOs) produce aberrant Ca(2+) signals at sublethal concentrations and decrease the expression of type-2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2), which are crucial for hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory. Here, we investigated whether the antioxidant agent astaxanthin (ATX) protects neurons from AβOs-induced excessive mitochondrial ROS generation, NFATc4 activation, and RyR2 mRNA downregulation.

Alendronate Functionalized Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres.

In this work we synthesized mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (nMBG) with the aim to utilize them as substrates for loading one of the most potent amino-bisphosphonates, alendronate (AL). The results of the chemical and structural characterization show that the nMBG display a relatively high surface area (528 m²/g) and a mean pore volume of 0.63 cm³/g, both of which decrease on increasing alendronate content.

The effect of proanthocyanidin-containing 10% phosphoric acid on bonding properties and MMP inhibition.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of etching using 2% proanthocynidin-containing 10% phosphoric acid 2% PA/10% PhA vs. 35% phosphoric acid 35% PhA on immediate (IM) and 6-months (6M) resin-enamel microshear bond strength (μSBS), resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage (NL) and as well as in situ MMP inhibition potential.

Methods: The dentin surface of human were exposed and then etched using 35% phosphoric acid for 15s or 2% PA/10% phosphoric acid for 30s.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) saliva substitute in the relief of xerostomia in elders.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) saliva substitute in the relief of xerostomia in older participants.

Background: In elders, xerostomia is a permanent and progressive condition that significantly affects their quality of life. The treatment for progressive xerostomia is currently restricted to palliative measures, and saliva substitutes are indicated.

Dental Experience, Anxiety, and Oral Health in Low-income Chilean Children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between early dental experiences and clinical indicators of oral health and dental anxiety upon admission to a comprehensive oral health program for six-year-old children in Chile.

Methods: One hundred twenty-nine six-year-old children were enrolled in the Recreo Family Health Center of the Municipality of San Miguel, Santiago, Chile. Oral health status was assessed based on the decayed, extracted, or filled teeth index, simplified oral hygiene index, and Streptococcus mutans score.

Anti-steatotic effects of an n-3 LCPUFA and extra virgin olive oil mixture in the liver of mice subjected to high-fat diet.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by liver steatosis, oxidative stress, and drastic depletion of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA), namely, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA), which trigger lipolysis stimulation and lipogenesis inhibition. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has important antioxidant effects. This study evaluated the anti-steatotic effects of n-3 LCPUFA plus EVOO in the liver of male C57BL/6J mice subjected to a control diet (CD) (10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrate) or high fat diet (HFD) (60% fat, 20% protein, 20% carbohydrate), without and with supplementation with n-3 LCPUFA (100 mg per kg per day) plus EVOO (100 mg per kg per day) for 12 weeks.

Natural mediotrusive contact: does it affect the masticatory and neck EMG activity during tooth grinding?

Objectives: There is scarce knowledge regarding the influence of a natural mediotrusive contact on mandibular and cervical muscular activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the EMG activity of the anterior temporalis (AT) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles during awake grinding in healthy subjects with or without a natural mediotrusive occlusal contact.

Method: Fifteen subjects with natural mediotrusive occlusal contact (Group 1) and 15 subjects without natural mediotrusive occlusal contact (Group 2) participated.

Down-regulation of Rab5 decreases characteristics associated with maintenance of cell transformation.

The early endosomal protein Rab5 is highly expressed in tumor samples, although a causal relationship between Rab5 expression and cell transformation has not been established. Here, we report the functional effects of targeting endogenous Rab5 with specific shRNA sequences in different tumor cell lines. Rab5 down-regulation in B16-F10 cells decreased tumor formation by subcutaneous injection into C57/BL6 mice.

Novel missense mutation of the FAM83H gene causes retention of amelogenin and a mild clinical phenotype of hypocalcified enamel.

Objective: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous inherited conditions, causing alterations in the structure of enamel and chemical composition of enamel matrix during development. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical, radiographic, histological and immunohistochemical phenotypes of subjects affected with hypocalcified AI from three Chilean families and identify causal mutations in the FAM83H gene.

Design: The diagnosis was made using clinical, radiographic, histological and genealogical data from the patients, who were evaluated according to the classification criteria by Witkop.

Maternal obesity is a risk factor for orofacial clefts: a meta-analysis.

Orofacial clefts are the most prevalent birth defects that affect craniofacial structures and implicate genetic and environmental factors in their aetiology. Maternal metabolic state and nutrition have been related to these and other structural malformations, and studies of maternal obesity before pregnancy have shown controversial results about its association with the risk of orofacial clefts in their offspring. Our aim was to assess the combined effect of several single studies of maternal obesity on the risk of orofacial clefts using meta-analysis.