Excitatory-inhibitory synaptic imbalance induced by acute intra-hippocampus injections of amyloid-β oligomers.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of soluble amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) in the brain, which disrupt synaptic function and promote cognitive decline. Here, we investigated the effects of AβOs on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission and plasticity by performing stereotaxic injections of AβOs directly into the hippocampal CA1 region, followed by hippocampal slice isolation for electrophysiological measurements. AβOs injections altered basal excitatory synaptic transmission, reducing field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and impairing excitatory long-term potentiation (LTP).

The IPR inhibitor desmethylxestospongin B reduces tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis by impairing lysosome acidification and β1-integrin recycling.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. >90 % of cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis, a process that depends on the ability of cancer cells to leave the primary tumor, migrate, and colonize different tissues. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IPR)-mediated Ca signaling plays an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of cancer cells and the sustained proliferation.

Antimigratory Effect of Lipophilic Cations Derived from Gallic and Gentisic Acid and Synergistic Effect with 5-Fluorouracil on Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells: A New Synthesis Route.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. Standard drugs currently used for the treatment of advanced CRC-such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-remain unsatisfactory in their results due to their high toxicity, high resistance, and adverse effects. In recent years, mitochondria have become an attractive target for cancer therapy due to higher transmembrane mitochondrial potential.

Effects of artemisinin and cisplatin on the malignant progression of oral leukoplakia. In vitro and in vivo study.

Objectives: Chemoprevention can be a treatment for potentially malignant lesions (PMLs). We aimed to evaluate whether artemisinin (ART) and cisplatin (CSP) are associated with apoptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) in vitro, using oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, and whether these compounds prevent OL progression in vivo.

Methods: Normal keratinocytes (HaCat), Dysplastic oral cells (DOK), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-180) cell lines were treated with ART, CSP, and ART + CSP to analyze cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, cell migration, and increased expression of proteins related to apoptosis and ICD.

Evaluation of adhesive properties and enzymatic activity at the hybrid layer of a simplified adhesive loaded with 0.2 % Cu and 5 % ZnO nanoparticles: A Randomized Clinical Trial and ex vivo analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an adhesive loaded with 0.2 % copper (Cu) and 5 % zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (Nps) on its adhesive properties and enzymatic activity at the hybrid layer ex vivo in a randomized clinical model.

Methods: Fifteen patients participated in this study, and a total of 30 third molars were used.

Activation of the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway disrupts insulin-dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant obese mice.

Oxidative stress and the activation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome have been linked to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In immune cells, the exacerbated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, by facilitating the interaction between thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) and NLRP3. However, the precise role of ROS/TXNIP-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation in skeletal muscle during obesity-induced insulin resistance remains undefined.

Tumor-derived hypoxic small extracellular vesicles promote endothelial cell migration and tube formation via ALS2/Rab5/β-catenin signaling.

Tumor hypoxia has been associated with cancer progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis via modifications in the release and cargo composition of extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor cells. Indeed, hypoxic extracellular vesicles are known to trigger a variety of angiogenic responses via different mechanisms. We recently showed that hypoxia promotes endosomal signaling in tumor cells via HIF-1α-dependent induction of the guanine exchange factor ALS2, which activates Rab5, leading to downstream events involved in cell migration and invasion.

Boldine prevents the inflammatory response of cardiac fibroblasts induced by SGK1-NFκB signaling pathway activation.

Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) are mesenchymal-type cells responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of the heart's extracellular matrix (ECM). Their dysfunction leads to excessive secretion of ECM proteins, tissue stiffening, impaired nutrient and oxygen exchange, and electrical abnormalities in the heart. Additionally, CF act as sentinel cells in the cardiac tissue microenvironment, responding to various stimuli that may affect heart function.

A multi-platform analysis of human gingival crevicular fluid reveals ferroptosis as a relevant regulated cell death mechanism during the clinical progression of periodontitis.

Ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic-inflammatory diseases, yet its association with progressive periodontitis remains unexplored. To investigate the involvement and significance of ferroptosis in periodontitis progression, we assessed sixteen periodontitis-diagnosed patients. Disease progression was clinically monitored over twelve weeks via weekly clinical evaluations and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collection was performed for further analyses.

Clinical performance of posterior restorations using a universal adhesive over moist and dry dentin: A 36-month double-blind split-mouth randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of dentin moisture on the clinical behavior of a universal adhesive on posterior teeth after 36 months of follow-up.

Methods: Forty-five patients participated in this study. Following a split-mouth design, three operators placed 90 Class I/Class II restorations over moist dentin (MD) or dry (DD) (n = 45) with resin composite (Filtek Bulk Fill) and a universal adhesive used in the etch-and-rinse mode (Single Bond Universal).

Novel Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Hybrids Based on Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles and Their Enhanced Osteoinductive Properties.

Inorganic-organic hybrid biomaterials have been proposed for bone tissue repair, with improved mechanical flexibility compared with scaffolds fabricated from bioceramics. However, obtaining hybrids with osteoinductive properties equivalent to those of bioceramics is still a challenge. In this work, we present for the first time the synthesis of a class II hybrid modified with bioactive glass nanoparticles (nBGs) with osteoinductive properties.

Calcitriol Treatment Decreases Cell Migration, Viability and β-Catenin Signaling in Oral Dysplasia.

Nearly 90% of oral cancers are characterized as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), representing the sixth most common type of cancer. OSCC usually evolves from oral potentially malignant disorders that, in some cases, are histologically consistent with a oral dysplasia. The levels of 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3; calcitriol), the active form of vitamin D3, have been shown to be decreased in patients with oral dysplasia and OSCC.

Neural tube defects and epigenetics: role of histone post-translational histone modifications.

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most common congenital anomalies of the CNS. It is widely appreciated that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to their etiology. The inability to ascribe clear genetic patterns of inheritance to various NTD phenotypes suggests it is possible that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the etiology of NTDs.

Clinical evaluation of posterior restorations over wet and dry dentin using an etch-and-rinse adhesive: A 36-month randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical performance of posterior restorations over wet and dry dentin with an etch-and-rinse adhesive after 36 months of clinical service.

Methods: Forty-five participants were recruited, each one had at least two posterior teeth that needed restoration. Ninety restorations were placed on Class I or Class II cavities.

Worldwide Variations in Fluoride Content in Beverages for Infants.

In situations where breastfeeding is impractical, milk formulas have emerged as the primary choice for infant nutrition. Numerous global studies have scrutinized the fluoride content in these formulas, uncovering fluctuations in fluoride levels directly associated with the method of preparation. This variability poses a potential risk of elevated fluoride concentrations and, consequently, an increased susceptibility to dental fluorosis in infants.

Amyloid β-Oligomers Inhibit the Nuclear Ca Signals and the Neuroprotective Gene Expression Induced by Gabazine in Hippocampal Neurons.

Hippocampal neuronal activity generates dendritic and somatic Ca signals, which, depending on stimulus intensity, rapidly propagate to the nucleus and induce the expression of transcription factors and genes with crucial roles in cognitive functions. Soluble amyloid-beta oligomers (AβOs), the main synaptotoxins engaged in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, generate aberrant Ca signals in primary hippocampal neurons, increase their oxidative tone and disrupt structural plasticity. Here, we explored the effects of sub-lethal AβOs concentrations on activity-generated nuclear Ca signals and on the Ca-dependent expression of neuroprotective genes.

RyR-mediated calcium release in hippocampal health and disease.

Hippocampal synaptic plasticity is widely considered the cellular basis of learning and spatial memory processes. This article highlights the central role of Ca release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory in health and disease. The key participation of ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels, which are the principal Ca release channels expressed in the hippocampus, in these processes is emphasized.

Inhibition of PORCN Blocks Wnt Signaling to Attenuate Progression of Oral Carcinogenesis.

Purpose: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is commonly preceded by potentially malignant lesions, referred to as oral dysplasia. We recently reported that oral dysplasia is associated with aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, due to overexpression of Wnt ligands in a Porcupine (PORCN)-dependent manner. Pharmacologic inhibition of PORCN precludes Wnt secretion and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach to treat established cancers.

Mitochondria in oral cancer stem cells: Unraveling the potential drug targets for new and old drugs.

Head and neck cancer is a major health problem worldwide, with most cases arising in the oral cavity. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Compared to other types of cancer, OSCC, has the worse prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 50%.

The salivary peptide histatin-1 enhances bone repair in vivo.

The salivary peptide histatin-1 was recently described as a novel osteogenic factor that stimulates cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation in bone-lineage cells. Since these cell responses collectively contribute to bone regeneration, we hypothesized that histatin-1 harbors the capacity to enhance bone tissue repair at the preclinical level. By using a model of monocortical bone defect, we explored the effects of histatin-1 in tibial mineralization and organic matrix formation in vivo.

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) diagnostic accuracy in active unilateral condylar hyperplasia: Retrospective study.

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of single photon emission tomography (SPECT) in unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH). To this end, 3D morphometric changes of the mandibles in one year were assessed (T0 vs. T1) and compared over SPECT results in T1, in a sample of 40 patients.