Subphenotypes of body composition and their association with cardiometabolic risk - Magnetic resonance imaging in a population-based sample.

Background: For characterizing health states, fat distribution is more informative than overall body size. We used population-based whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify distinct body composition subphenotypes and characterize associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Methods: Bone marrow, visceral, subcutaneous, cardiac, renal, hepatic, skeletal muscle and pancreatic adipose tissue were measured by MRI in n = 299 individuals from the population-based KORA cohort.

Current State of Community-Driven Radiological AI Deployment in Medical Imaging.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become commonplace in solving routine everyday tasks. Because of the exponential growth in medical imaging data volume and complexity, the workload on radiologists is steadily increasing. AI has been shown to improve efficiency in medical image generation, processing, and interpretation, and various such AI models have been developed across research laboratories worldwide.

MRI analysis of relative tumor enhancement in liver metastases and correlation with immunohistochemical features.

Objective: Investigate the association between the relative tumor enhancement (RTE) of gadoxetic acid across various MRI phases and immunohistochemical (IHC) features in patients with liver metastases (LM) from colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer (BC), and pancreatic cancer (PC).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 68 patients with LM who underwent 1.5-T MRI scans.

Multilingual feasibility of GPT-4o for automated Voice-to-Text CT and MRI report transcription.

Purpose: Large language models (LLMs) promise to streamline radiology reporting. With the release of OpenAI's GPT-4o (Generative Pre-trained Transformers-4 omni), which processes not only text but also speech, multimodal LLMs might now also be used as medical speech recognition software for radiology reporting in multiple languages. This proof-of-concept study investigates the feasibility of using GPT-4o for automated voice-to-text transcription of radiology reports in English and German.

Assessing diastolic function using CMR as an alternative to echocardiography: age- and gender-related normal reference values.

Background: Impaired diastolic function is associated with a variety of diseases such as myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy. Currently, echocardiography is the standard method for assessing diastolic function. Recently, it has been postulated that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is an at least equivalent or superior alternative to echocardiography.

Impact of imaging biomarkers from body composition analysis on outcome of endovascularly treated acute ischemic stroke patients.

Background: We investigate the association of imaging biomarkers extracted from fully automated body composition analysis (BCA) of computed tomography (CT) angiography images of endovascularly treated acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients regarding angiographic and clinical outcome.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of AIS patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) at three tertiary care-centers between March 2019-January 2022. Baseline demographics, angiographic outcome and clinical outcome evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge were noted.

Performance of Intraoperative Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (Io-CEUS) in the Diagnosis of Primary Lung Cancer.

Background: Suspicious tumors of the lung require specific staging, intraoperative detection, and histological confirmation. We performed an intrathoracic, intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (Io-CEUS) for characterization of lung cancer.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on the application of Io-CEUS in thoracic surgery for patients with operable lung cancer.

Thyroid scintigraphy: establishing a clinically useful normal range for 99mTc pertechnetate uptake.

Purpose: This study aims to establish a normal range for the thyroid uptake derived from Tc pertechnetate scans. In particular, variations of uptake with TSH stimulation and other factors such as urinary iodine concentration are taken into account and compared with the calculation of a raw uptake value.

Methods: Clinical multicentric (center A, B and C) prospective study on 125 consecutive healthy patients undergoing thyroid scans for thyroid nodules.

Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 analysis of cardiovascular magnetic resonance reports in suspected myocarditis: A multicenter study.

Background: Diagnosing myocarditis relies on multimodal data, including cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), clinical symptoms, and blood values. The correct interpretation and integration of CMR findings require radiological expertise and knowledge. We aimed to investigate the performance of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), a large language model, for report-based medical decision-making in the context of cardiac MRI for suspected myocarditis.

Correction: Integrating Text and Image Analysis: Exploring GPT-4V's Capabilities in Advanced Radiological Applications Across Subspecialties.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/54948.].

Radioproteomics stratifies molecular response to antifibrotic treatment in pulmonary fibrosis.

Antifibrotic therapy with nintedanib is the clinical mainstay in the treatment of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD). High-dimensional medical image analysis, known as radiomics, provides quantitative insights into organ-scale pathophysiology, generating digital disease fingerprints. Here, we performed an integrative analysis of radiomic and proteomic profiles (radioproteomics) to assess whether changes in radiomic signatures can stratify the degree of antifibrotic response to nintedanib in (experimental) fibrosing ILD.

Low subcutaneous adipose tissue and myosteatosis are prognostic factors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents the only curative treatment option for several hematological neoplasms. This study aimed to assess the parameters of body composition as predictors of post-transplant overall survival (OS) and adverse events in patients with leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 122 adult patients who underwent their first allo-HSCT.

Missense variants in ANO4 cause sporadic encephalopathic or familial epilepsy with evidence for a dominant-negative effect.

Anoctamins are a family of Ca-activated proteins that may act as ion channels and/or phospholipid scramblases with limited understanding of function and disease association. Here, we identified five de novo and two inherited missense variants in ANO4 (alias TMEM16D) as a cause of fever-sensitive developmental and epileptic or epileptic encephalopathy (DEE/EE) and generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) or temporal lobe epilepsy. In silico modeling of the ANO4 structure predicted that all identified variants lead to destabilization of the ANO4 structure.

Integrating Text and Image Analysis: Exploring GPT-4V's Capabilities in Advanced Radiological Applications Across Subspecialties.

This study demonstrates that GPT-4V outperforms GPT-4 across radiology subspecialties in analyzing 207 cases with 1312 images from the Radiological Society of North America Case Collection.

MRI-Based Radiomics as a Promising Noninvasive Diagnostic Technique for Adenomyosis.

MRI diagnostics are important for adenomyosis, especially in cases with inconclusive ultrasound. This study assessed the potential of MRI-based radiomics as a novel tool for differentiating between uteri with and without adenomyosis. This retrospective proof-of-principle single-center study included nine patients with and six patients without adenomyosis.

Thrombus or tumor? A case report of a rare sarcoma entity: intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary arteries.

Background: Tumor embolism is a very rare primary manifestation of cancers and the diagnosis is challenging, especially if located in the pulmonary arteries, where it can mimic nonmalignant pulmonary embolism. Intimal sarcoma is one of the least commonly reported primary tumors of vessels with only a few cases reported worldwide. A typical location of this malignancy is the pulmonary artery.

Diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient of psoas muscles for evaluating complications in patients with Crohn's disease.

Aim: To assess the association of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the psoas muscles and psoas muscle index (PMI) with the activity and behaviour of Crohn's disease (CD).

Material And Methods: This was a retrospective study of 88 CD patients who underwent magnetic resonance enterography. Patients were classified according to the Montreal Classification in uncomplicated (non-stricturing, non-penetrating, B1), and complicated (structuring [B2] and penetrating disease [B3]).

Prednisolone Versus Colchicine for Acute Gout in Primary Care: statistical analysis plan for the pragmatic, multicenter, randomized, and double-blinded COPAGO non-inferiority trial.

Background: To date, colchicine and prednisolone are two effective therapies for the treatment of acute gout but have never been compared directly in a randomized clinical trial. In addition, in previous trials of treating acute gout patients with concomitant comorbidities were often excluded due to contraindications to naproxen.

Study Design: This pragmatic, prospective, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, randomized, non-inferiority trial compares prednisolone with colchicine in terms of non-inferiority in patients with acute gout.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning in axial spondyloarthritis.

Purpose Of Review: To evaluate the current applications and prospects of artificial intelligence and machine learning in diagnosing and managing axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), focusing on their role in medical imaging, predictive modelling, and patient monitoring.

Recent Findings: Artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, is showing promise in diagnosing axSpA assisting with X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and MRI analyses, with some models matching or outperforming radiologists in detecting sacroiliitis and markers. Moreover, it is increasingly being used in predictive modelling of disease progression and personalized treatment, and could aid risk assessment, treatment response and clinical subtype identification.

Reproducibility assessment of rapid strains in cardiac MRI: Insights and recommendations for clinical application.

Purpose: Studies have shown the incremental value of strain imaging in various cardiac diseases. However, reproducibility and generalizability has remained an issue of concern. To overcome this, simplified algorithms such as rapid atrioventricular strains have been proposed.

Association between sacroiliac joint forms and subchondral changes in patients with Crohn's disease.

Aim: To assess the relationship between anatomical variants of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and subchondral changes detected in magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 60 CD patients, who were divided into two groups: with (n = 16) and without SIJ (n = 44) involvement, depending on the presence of inflammatory (bone marrow edema) and structural changes (sclerosis and erosions) in MRE. Anatomical variants of SIJ were assessed in CT of the abdomen and/or pelvis, distinguishing typical form with convex iliac surface and atypical forms.

Body composition markers are associated with changes in inflammatory markers but not vice versa: A bi-directional longitudinal analysis in a population-based sample.

Background And Aim: Growing body of evidence consistently link obesity and inflammation, Although the direction of the association is still unclear. We aimed to investigate longitudinal associations of body anthropometric, composition and fat distribution parameters with inflammatory markers and vice versa.

Method And Results: We used data from 2464 individuals of the SHIP-TREND cohort with a median follow-up of 7 years.