Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Food and Drug Allergy.

A patient-reported outcome is directly reported by the patient without interpretation of the patient's response by anyone else. It refers to the patient's health (symptoms and feelings), quality of life, or functional status associated with health care or treatment. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are defined as the tools or instruments that are used to measure patient-reported outcomes.

Utilization of at-home tests for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers in Chicago.

Objective: To describe utilization of at-home coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing among healthcare workers (HCW).

Design: Serial cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: HCWs in the Chicago area.

Using quality improvement to address social determinants of health needs in perinatal care.

There are unacceptable racial inequities in perinatal outcomes in the United States. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with health outcomes and contribute to disparities in maternal and newborn health. In this article, we (1) review the literature on SDOH improvement in the perinatal space, (2) describe the SDOH work facilitated by the Illinois Perinatal Quality Collaborative (ILPQC) in the Birth Equity quality improvement initiative, (3) detail a hospital's experience with implementing strategies to improve SDOH screening and linkage to needed resources and services and (4) outline a framework for success for addressing SDOH locally.

How can a behavioral economics lens contribute to implementation science?

Background: Implementation science in health is an interdisciplinary field with an emphasis on supporting behavior change required when clinicians and other actors implement evidence-based practices within organizational constraints. Behavioral economics has emerged in parallel and works towards developing realistic models of how humans behave and categorizes a wide range of features of choices that can influence behavior. We argue that implementation science can be enhanced by the incorporation of approaches from behavioral economics.

The Cost-Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Compared with Conventional Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Payer's Perspective.

Background: Recent evidence showing that computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with better outcomes compared with conventional TKA for patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis has not been included in economic evaluations of computer-assisted TKA, which are needed to support coverage decisions. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of computer-assisted TKA from a payer's perspective, incorporating recent evidence.

Methods: We compared computer-assisted TKA with conventional TKA with regard to costs (in 2022 U.

P2Y12 inhibitor use predicts hematoma expansion in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: Hematoma expansion (HE) predicts disability and death after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Aspirin and anticoagulants have been associated with HE. We tested the hypothesis that P2Y12 inhibitors predict subsequent HE in patients.

Understanding Health Equity in Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are measures of patients' health that are conveyed directly by individual patients. These measures serve as instruments to evaluate the impact of interventions on any aspect of patients' health, from specific symptoms to broader quality of life indicators. However, their effectiveness relies on capturing relevant factors accurately.

Mapping the process of ICU care delivery to improve treatment decisions in acute respiratory failure.

Evidence suggests system-level norms and care processes influence individual patients' medical decisions, including end-of-life decisions for patients with critical illnesses like acute respiratory failure. Yet, little is known about how these processes unfold over the course of a patient's critical illness in the intensive care unit (ICU). Our objective was to map current-state ICU care delivery processes for patients with acute respiratory failure and to identify opportunities to improve the process.

Health information technology tools to accelerate gastrointestinal evaluation in patients with iron deficiency anaemia: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objective: System-level safety measures do not exist to ensure that patients with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) undergo proper diagnostic evaluations. We sought to determine if a set of EHR (electronic health record) tools and an expedited referral workflow increase short-term completion of bidirectional endoscopy in higher risk patients with IDA.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial randomised by primary care physician (PCP) that included 16 PCPs and 316 patients with IDA.

Perspectives from persons living with dementia and their caregivers on emergency department visits, care transitions, and outpatient follow-up: A qualitative study.

Background: Persons living with dementia (PLWD) experience frequent and costly emergency department (ED) visits, with poor outcomes attributed to suboptimal care and postdischarge care transitions. Yet, patient-centered data on ED care experiences and postdischarge needs are lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the facilitators and barriers to successful ED care and care transitions after discharge, according to PLWD and their caregivers.

Automated stratification of trauma injury severity across multiple body regions using multi-modal, multi-class machine learning models.

Objective: The timely stratification of trauma injury severity can enhance the quality of trauma care but it requires intense manual annotation from certified trauma coders. The objective of this study is to develop machine learning models for the stratification of trauma injury severity across various body regions using clinical text and structured electronic health records (EHRs) data.

Materials And Methods: Our study utilized clinical documents and structured EHR variables linked with the trauma registry data to create 2 machine learning models with different approaches to representing text.

Klotho and Clinical Outcomes in CKD: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.

Rationale & Objective: Klotho deficiency may affect clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) through fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23)-dependent and -independent pathways. However, the association between circulating Klotho and clinical outcomes in CKD remains unresolved and was the focus of this study.

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

Decision-Making Engagement Preferences among Older Adults with CKD.

Key Points: Clinicians’ uncertainty about the degree to which older patients prefer to engage in decision making remains a key barrier to shared decision making. Most older adults with advanced CKD preferred a collaborative or active role in decision making.

Background: Older adults with kidney failure face preference-sensitive decisions regarding dialysis initiation.

"Your Package Could Not Be Delivered": The State of Digital HIV Intervention Implementation in the US.

Purpose Of Review: Despite continuous innovations and federal investment to create digital interventions addressing the HIV prevention and care continua, these interventions have not reached people in the U.S. at scale.

Risk factors for hip and vertebral fractures in chronic kidney disease: the CRIC study.

Fracture risk is high in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and underlying pathophysiology and risk factors may differ from the general population. In a cohort study of 3939 participants in the chronic renal insufficiency cohort (CRIC), we used Cox regression to test associations of putative risk factors with the composite of first hip or vertebral fracture assessed using hospital discharge codes. Mean age was 58 years, 45% were female, 42% were Black, and 13% were Hispanic.

Blood pressure outcomes at 18 months in primary care patients prescribed remote physiological monitoring for hypertension: a prospective cohort study.

This pragmatic matched cohort study using EHR data extended the follow up to 18 months for BP outcomes comparing individuals prescribed remote patient monitoring (n = 288) and temporally-matched controls (n = 1152) from six primary care practices. After 18 months, the RPM-prescribed cohort had greater BP control < 140/90 mm Hg (RPM cohort: 71.5%, control cohort: 51.

Airway tree caliber heterogeneity and airflow obstruction among older adults.

Smaller mean airway tree caliber is associated with airflow obstruction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated whether airway tree caliber heterogeneity was associated with airflow obstruction and COPD. Two community-based cohorts (MESA Lung, CanCOLD) and a longitudinal case-control study of COPD (SPIROMICS) performed spirometry and computed tomography measurements of airway lumen diameters at standard anatomical locations (trachea-to-subsegments) and total lung volume.