"The Forgotten Minority": Perpetuation of Ableism in Medical Education.

Background: Accounting for approximately 1 in 4 community-dwelling adults in the United States (US), people with disabilities (PWD) experience significant disparities in health care quality, access, and outcomes. At the same time, US physicians have reported feeling unprepared to care for PWD and have revealed significant negative bias about this population.

Objective: To understand how physicians are trained to care for PWD in US medical schools.

Design of INSPIRE: Evaluation of the effectiveness of practice facilitation on implementation of screening, brief interventions, referral to treatment and medication for unhealthy alcohol use identification and treatment in primary care.

Background: Unhealthy alcohol use is a leading cause of preventable mortality and a risk factor for an array of social and health problems. The Intervention in Small primary care Practices to Implement Reduction in unhealthy alcohol use (INSPIRE) study is part of a nationwide campaign to improve the identification and treatment of patients engaging in unhealthy alcohol use.

Methods: We conducted a single arm, pragmatic study consisting of seventeen primary care practices in the Chicago metropolitan area, Wisconsin, and California across two waves with a 6-month latent period, a 12-month intervention period, followed by a 6-month sustainability period.

Evaluating provider report of fidelity to contingency management in opioid treatment programs.

Introduction: With growing adoption of contingency management (CM) in addiction treatment programs, ensuring intervention fidelity over time is essential for improving patient outcomes. Nonetheless, ensuring an intervention is delivered as intended can be time- and resource-intensive for organizations. Finding ways to monitor fidelity without unduly burdening health systems is critical.

Is 70% Achievable? Hospital-Level Variation in Rates of Cardiac Rehabilitation Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries.

Background: Despite national goals to enroll 70% of cardiac rehabilitation (CR)-eligible patients, enrollment remains low.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the treating hospital influences CR enrollment nationally.

Methods: We included Fee-for-Service Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥66 years who were hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention, or heart valve repair/replacement.

Persistent Short Sleep Duration From Pregnancy to 2 to 7 Years After Delivery and Metabolic Health.

Importance: Short sleep duration during pregnancy and the perimenopausal period has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. However, it remains unclear how sleep duration changes after delivery and whether such changes are associated with the cardiometabolic health of birthing people.

Objective: To investigate whether persistently short sleep during pregnancy and after delivery is associated with incident hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

The Psychosocial Burden of Pediatric Food Allergy in the United States: A Population-Based Survey.

Background: Food allergy (FA) affects approximately one in 12 US children, with prevalence increasing. Aside from considerable health care utilization, accumulating research suggests heightened psychosocial burden among this population.

Objective: To characterize FA-related psychosocial burden among a large, nationally representative pediatric sample, and its correlates, including sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, allergy severity, allergic symptoms, number and type of allergens, and healthcare utilization.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Workflow Changes on a Clinically-Integrated Breastfeeding Peer Counselor Program.

Objective: To evaluate whether Covid-19 related workflow changes to a clinically-integrated breastfeeding peer counseling (ci-BPC) program were associated with poorer breastfeeding outcomes for Medicaid-enrolled patients.

Methods: This retrospective chart review included patients who received ci-BPC care during January 2017-March 2020 ("Pre-Pandemic," N = 318); March 2020-September 2020 ("During-Peak," N = 53); and September 2020-May 2021 ("Post-Peak," N = 97). ANOVA evaluated differences in encounter type frequencies for each time point, as well as differences in breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity during inpatient admission, and continuation of breastfeeding at least 6 weeks post-delivery.

Economic Evaluations of Worksite Health Centers: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To systematically review the cost-effectiveness or return on investment (ROI) from worksite health centers (WHCs) in the US.

Methods: We searched four databases and the grey literature for studies that conducted economic evaluation and provided economic outcomes of US-based WHCs. The quality and risk of bias were assessed using JBI Critical Appraisal Tools of Economic Evaluations.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Stages in US Adolescents and Relationship to Social Determinants of Health.

Importance: Given that many risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) begin in childhood, knowledge of the prevalence of cardio-kidney metabolic syndrome (CKM) in adolescents and its risk factors is critical to understanding the etiology of ASCVD risk burden.

Objective: To calculate the proportion of US adolescents with CKM stages 0, 1, and 2 and to assess the social factors and behaviors most strongly associated with advanced CKM stage.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of 2017-2020 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) sample data.

Disparities in Thyroid Cancer Mortality Across Racial and Ethnic Groups: Assessing the Impact of Socioeconomic, Clinicopathologic, and Treatment Variations.

Background: Thyroid cancer remains a significant public health concern, with disparities in mortality rates observed across racial/ethnic groups. We quantified the extent to which socioeconomic, clinicopathologic, and treatment variations explain racial/ethnic disparities in thyroid cancer mortality.

Methods: We studied a cohort of 109,981 thyroid cancer patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2018 using the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Measurement-Based Care as a Tool to Detect and Prevent Harm in Youth Psychotherapy.

Measurement-based care (MBC), the use of routine assessment to guide clinical decision-making, has the potential to significantly enhance the quality of mental health services for youth by improving the detection and prevention of harm. Concerns exist, however, that widespread efforts to implement MBC may have a negative impact on youth mental health care. We explore both perspectives by describing how MBC can be leveraged as a tool to detect and prevent harmful treatment in youth and how misapplication of MBC also has the potential to cause harm.

A cross-sectional survey of Department of Veterans Affairs laboratory practices for identification of carbapenem-resistant and .

Control of carbapenem-resistant and spread in healthcare settings begins with timely and accurate laboratory testing practices. Survey results show most Veterans Affairs facilities are performing recommended tests to identify these organisms. Most facilities report sufficient resources to perform testing, though medium-complexity facilities report some perceived barriers.

Risk of financial catastrophe for breast cancer patients in Nigeria: A retrospective analysis.

Introduction: Cancer imposes significant financial burden on patients in low and middle-income countries like Nigeria, where breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and has the highest mortality. This study aims to investigate the financial burden of BC care at Lakeshore Cancer Center (LCC) in Nigeria and identify risk factors for financial catastrophe (FC).

Methods: LCC was queried for uninsured patients diagnosed with breast cancers between 2013 and 2023, linked to cost data through chart abstraction of billing data and adjusted to 2023 USD.

Work-Related Stress Is Associated With Unfavorable Cardiovascular Health: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background: Work-related stress is a psychosocial risk factor linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the association between work-related stress and cardiovascular health (CVH) is not well established. We estimated the association between work-related stress and CVH in a multiethnic sample of adults free of cardiovascular disease at baseline.

Profiles of cardiometabolic risk and acculturation indicators among South Asians in the US: latent class analysis of the MASALA study.

Background: South Asians (SA) represent the fastest growing US immigrant group, and previous studies have indicated that they face disproportionately high burden of cardiometabolic disease. Cardiometabolic disease manifests as a syndemic or synergistic epidemic encompassing multiple disease clusters influenced by biological, social, and psychological factors stemming from the acculturative process. This process may exacerbate morbidity within immigrant subgroups.

Consultation Content and Techniques for measurement-Based Care Implementation in Youth Community Mental Health Settings.

Measurement-based care (MBC) is an evidence-based practice (EBP) focused on regularly administering outcome measures to clients to inform clinical decision making. While MBC shows promise for improving youth treatment outcomes, therapist adoption remains low. Clinical consultation is one strategy that improves MBC implementation, but our limited understanding of consultation hinders the ability to optimize its impact.

United States Veterans' Utilization of Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders Annual Evaluation Services.

Objective: To evaluate Veterans' engagement in spinal cord injury and disorder (SCI/D) specialty annual evaluations (AEs).

Design: Cross-sectional retrospective cohort study.

Setting: SCI/D System of Care, United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).

Ceftazidime/avibactam alone or in combination with an aminoglycoside for treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infections: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Ceftazidime/avibactam is one of the preferred treatment options for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). However, the benefit of combining ceftazidime/avibactam with another antibiotic remains unclear.

Objectives: To identify variables associated with treatment failure during the use of ceftazidime/avibactam for CRE infections and assess the effect of combining an aminoglycoside with ceftazidime/avibactam.