South-East Asian populations of Karualona cf. karua (King. 1853) (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae) belong to a separate species.

Study of populations of Karualona cf. karua (King, 1853) (rustacea: Cladocera) from South-East Asia and Sri Lanka revealed that they belong to an undescribed taxon. Karualona fatimae sp.

Review of the millipede genus Mršić, 1996 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand and a key to its species.

The millipede genus Mršić, 1996, so far monospecific and previously known only from Park Belum, Perak State, northern Malaysia, is recorded from a mountain in Betong District, Yala Province, southern Thailand for the first time, being represented there by two new species: and Both new species are found to occur syntopically and can be assumed as narrowly endemic to the Titiwangsa Mountain Range which begins in southern Thailand, crosses the Malaysian border, and extends into east and west coast regions of the Malay Peninsula. In addition, the generic diagnosis is slightly updated, and a key to all three species is provided.

Revision of the species group of the millipede genus Gervais, 1847, with descriptions of five new species from China (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae).

The -group of is re-assessed and its Chinese component species are presently divided between the following two newly-circumscribed species groups, i.e. the - and the -group.

Carinobolus gen. nov. and Costabolus gen. nov., two new, remarkably crested, monospecific genera of spirobolidan millipedes from West Africa, with the proposal of a new tribe, Amblybolini tribus nova (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pachybolidae).

Two new genera, Carinobolus gen. nov. and Costabolus gen.

A new genus and two new species of the millipede family Chelodesmidae from Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, including a likely troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida).

A new genus and two new species of Chelodesmidae are described from two caves of the Joo Rodrigues river system in Bahia state, northeastern Brazil: Strongylosomides troglobius sp. nov. and Rotundotergum elevatum gen.

Two new species of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae from Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable threatened troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida).

Phaneromerium troglopterygotum sp. nov. and Moojenodesmus schubarti sp.

The millipede genus Pandirodesmus Silvestri, 1932 in Trinidad and Tobago, Caribbean, with the description of P. jaggernauthi sp. nov. from Trinidad (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae, Pandirodesmini).

During several collecting surveys for terrestrial micro-molluscs across Trinidad and Tobago, millipedes of the genus Pandirodesmus were taken by MR on both islands. Samples of P. rutherfordi Shelley Smith, 2015, from Tobago, were recovered in addition to those containing a new species from Trinidad: Pandirodesmus jaggernauthi sp.

The Oriental millipede genus Shear, 1979, with the description of a new species from Thailand and an updated key (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Megalotylidae).

The Oriental genus is reviewed, rediagnosed and shown to comprise 28 species, including from southeastern Thailand. All species are keyed, and their distributions mapped, being highly localized and mainly allopatric. Unlike most congeners, which are largely confined to subtropical environments (including montane to high-montane conditions, up to 3800 m a.

Review of the millipede tribe Polydrepanini, with the description of a new species from Kerala state, southern India (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Alogolykinae).

The tribe Polydrepanini is rediagnosed through an elongate, mostly slender, sometimes twisted/helicoid gonofemorite and a more or less thin, mostly flagelliform, suberect, apical or subapical solenomere often forming a conspicuous loop/curve near the base. The tribe presently encompasses seven genera, all redefined, illustrated and keyed: Dasypharkis Attems, 1936, stat. revalid.

Identity of the millipede genus Pyrgodesmus Pocock, 1892, the type genus of the family Pyrgodesmidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida).

Revision of Pyrgodesmus obscurus Pocock, 1892, the only, and type species of Pyrgodesmus Pocock, 1892, shows that the genus currently includes two species, P. obscurus and P. permutatus (Attems, 1936), comb.

The millipede tribe Brachyiulini in the Caucasus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae).

The diplopod tribe Brachyiulini is represented in the fauna of the Caucasus by eight genera and 32 species, of which one genus and 14 species are described as new: Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , , and Vagalinski, , Colchiobrachyiulus Lohmander, 1936, a former subgenus of Megaphyllum, is here elevated to a full genus, and the genus Grusiniulus Lohmander, 1936 is downgraded to a subgenus of the genus Cyphobrachyiulus Verhoeff, 1900, both , with their previously described species, (Lignau, 1915) and (Lohmander, 1936), respectively, listed as (Attems, 1899) is formally established as a junior subjective synonym of (Karsch, 1881), , and (Golovatch, 1981) is formally synonymised with the typical (Lohmander, 1936), (Lohmander, 1932), originally described in the genus , is here transferred to the former genus, The diagnoses and descriptions of some genera and subgenera are refined and complemented. A key is given to all genera and species of Brachyiulini that occur in the Caucasus, and their distributions are mapped. Several species are recorded as new to the faunas of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, or Russia.

Two new species of the millipede genus Gervais, 1847 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae) from caves in northern Thailand.

Two new species of the genus Gervais, 1847 are described and illustrated. The first species, , is the second species of the -group to be found in Thailand. It resembles Jiang, Guo, Chen & Xie, 2018, from southern China, but is distinguished by a smaller size and the carinotaxic formula of the collum, combined with ♂ legs 1 bearing very strongly reduced telopodites, the anterior gonopods showing a pair of very long and slender apicomesal processes, and the denser plumose and stout flagella of the posterior gonopods.

The millipede genera Silvestri, 1896 and Verhoeff, 1914 in the Caucasus, with notes on their distributions (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae).

In the Caucasus, the genera Silvestri, 1896 and Verhoeff, 1914 are shown to include two and four species, respectively: Lohmander, 1932, from Georgia and Armenia, , from Azerbaijan and Dagestan, Russia, (Lohmander, 1936), from Georgia, (Attems, 1903), from Azerbaijan and Iran, (Attems, 1927), from Azerbaijan, and , from Armenia. All these six species are described, illustrated, and keyed, and their distributions are mapped and discussed, based on the literature data and abundant new samples.

The millipede genus Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932, with the description of a new species from Kerala state, southern India (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae).

Klimakodesmus Carl, 1932 is briefly redescribed, rediagnosed, and shown to be an oligotypic genus endemic to southern India and distinct from the particularly similar genus Pyrgodesmus Pocock, 1892, monobasic and endemic to Sri Lanka, by several important features of peripheral and, especially, gonopodal structure. A new species, Klimakodesmus bilobocaudatus sp. nov.

Review of the millipede genus Hedinomorpha Verhoeff, 1934, with descriptions of three new species collected in China by Professor Jochen Martens (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae).

Hedinomorpha martensorum spec. nov., H.

Two new species of the millipede genus Jeekel, 1968 from Shan State, Myanmar (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae).

The predominantly Indochinese to southern Chinese millipede genus presently comprises 76 described species, including two new, and , both described and illustrated based on material from a limestone mountain in Taunggyi District, Shan State, Myanmar. Both new species have been found to occur syntopically near limestone caves and are assumed to be narrowly endemic to the Taunggyi Mountains, southwestern Shan State, Myanmar. A key to all six species known to occur in Myanmar is provided, and their distributions are also mapped.

The first representatives of the millipede family Glomeridellidae (Diplopoda, Glomerida) recorded from China and Indochina.

A new species of glomeridellid millipede is described from Guizhou Province, southern China: This new epigean species differs very clearly in many structural details, being sufficiently distinct morphologically and disjunct geographically from Nguyen, Sierwald & Marek, 2019, the type and sole species of Nguyen, Sierwald & Marek, 2019, which was described recently from northern Vietnam. The genus is formally relegated from Glomeridae and assigned to the family Glomeridellidae, which has hitherto been considered strictly Euro-Mediterranean in distribution and is thus new to the diplopod faunas of China and Indochina. is re-diagnosed and shown to have perhaps the basalmost position in the family Glomeridellidae.

Two new species of the millipede genus Silvestri, 1923 from Cambodia (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida).

Two new species of are described from southern Cambodia. is clearly distinguished from all congeners by the shape of the telopodites of the posterior gonopods which are distinctly serrate laterally and by the anterior gonopods showing only a pair of single, smooth and curved coxosternal processes. sp.

Diversity and distribution of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of Georgia, Caucasus.

The diplopod fauna of Georgia, Transcaucasia, is very rich given the country's relatively small territory; it presently comprises 103 species from 44 genera, 12 families, and 7 orders. Most of the Diplopoda known from Georgia (86 species, or 83%) demonstrate Caucasian distribution patterns, 36 and 46 species, as well as 8 and 9 genera being endemic or subendemic to the country, respectively. A single Holarctic family, Anthroleucosomatidae (order Chordeumatida), contains 44 Caucasian species and 20 genera, of which 27 species and 14 genera are endemic or subendemic to Georgia.

Diversity, distribution patterns, and fauno-genesis of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of mainland China.

Based on all available information, 339 species from 71 genera, 26 families, and eleven orders of Diplopoda have hitherto been recorded from mainland China, the fauna thus being very rich, albeit far from completely known, comprising various zoogeographic elements and populating very different environments. Diplopods mainly occur in various woodlands, in caves, and high in the mountains. Most species (> 90 %, usually highly localised, including 160 cavernicoles), 18 genera, and one family are strictly endemic to continental China.

The millipede genus Attems, 1914, endemic to São Tomé and Príncipe, with the description of a new species (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae).

During a soil zoological expedition to São Tomé and Príncipe in 2010 by the California Academy of Sciences, millipedes of the genus were collected. Samples of (Karsch, 1884) and (Karsch, 1884) were recovered in addition to those containing a new species. is described and additional records, illustrations, and descriptive notes are given for the other two species.

Some new or poorly-known Zephroniidae (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida) from Vietnam.

Three new species of the giant pill-millipede family Zephroniidae are described from southern Vietnam: , and Two species, Attems, 1938 and (Verhoeff, 1924), are redescribed, the former from new material, the latter from type material with lectotype designation. A new transfer is proposed: Attems, 1936, to the genus Brandt, 1833, giving the new combination, (Attems, 1936)

A remarkable new species of the millipede genus Peters, 1864 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae) from Thailand, based both on morphological and molecular evidence.

A new, giant species of from a cave in southern Thailand is described, illustrated, and compared to morphologically closely related taxa. This new species, , is much larger than all other congeners and looks especially similar to the grossly sympatric Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2012, which is widespread in southern Thailand. Phylogenetic trees, both rooted and unrooted, based on a concatenated dataset of the COI and 28S genes of nine species of Cambalopsidae (, , and ), strongly support the monophyly of and a clear-cut divergence between and in revealing very high average -distances of the COI gene (20.

Review of the millipede genus Bollman, 1893 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae) in Vietnam, with several new records and descriptions of two new species.

The genus is shown to currently be represented in Vietnam by ten species or varieties, including new records of (Attems, 1937), (de Saussure, 1860), (Attems, 1937) and Jeekel, 1964, and two new species, and A key to all eight species and two varieties known to occur in Vietnam is provided. Although the morphological characters that have been traditionally used for taxonomy are here considered superior to molecular ones, molecular-based phylogenetic relationships and taxon assignments within the tribe Orthomorphini are provisionally analyzed using fragments of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene. The preferred phylograms, both rooted and unrooted, demonstrate the monophyly of the tribe Orthomorphini, but due to the special, uncertain or even controversial position of , which occurs closer to the genera and , the genus in current usage appears to be polyphyletic.

Trichopolydesmidae from Cameroon, 2: A species-level reclassification of Afrotropical trichopolydesmids (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), with two new species and two new records from Cameroon, and two new species from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea.

A revised classification of Afrotropical Trichopolydesmidae is presented. The fauna presently contains as many as 52 species in six recognized genera, with numerous new transfers/combinations involved: Cook, 1896 (3 species, including from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea), Schubart, 1955 (2 species), Schubart, 1955 (26 species, including one old species, Porat, 1894, revised from type material and provisionally assigned to , as well as two new records and two new species from Cameroon: and ), Brolemann, 1926 (3 species), Brolemann, 1920 (12 species, including from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea), and Attems, 1909 (6 species). The hitherto enigmatic genus is redefined, but the monotypic Carl, 1905 still remains dubious.