Ferroptosis and PPAR-gamma in the limelight of brain tumors and edema.

Human malignant brain tumors such as gliomas are devastating due to the induction of cerebral edema and neurodegeneration. A major contributor to glioma-induced neurodegeneration has been identified as glutamate. Glutamate promotes cell growth and proliferation in variety of tumor types.

Associations of systemic oxidative stress with functional outcomes after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion is accompanied by oxidative stress. Serum free thiols (FTs; sulfhydryl groups) reliably reflect systemic oxidative stress. This study evaluates longitudinal changes in FTs and their associations with outcomes after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

DRD2, DRD3, and HTR2A Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Involvement in High Treatment Resistance to Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the rs1800497, rs1799732, rs1801028, rs6280, and rs6314, rs7997012, and rs6311 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) correlations with resistance to second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in a real-world sample of patients with treatment-resistant mental disorders.

Methods: We divided 129 participants into a high treatment resistance (HTR) group (current treatment with two SGAs, or clozapine, or classic neuroleptics for a failure of previous SGAs trials) and a low treatment resistance (LTR) group (current treatment with one atypical antipsychotic). We used Next-Generation Sequencing on DNA isolated from peripheral blood samples to analyze the polymorphisms.

Rat brown adipose tissue thermogenic markers are modulated by estrous cycle phases and short-term fasting.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) converts chemical energy into heat to maintain body temperature. Although fatty acids (FAs) represent a primary substrate for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent thermogenesis, BAT also utilizes glucose for the same purpose. Considering that estrous cycle effects on BAT are not greatly explored, we examined those of 6-h fasting on interscapular BAT (iBAT) thermogenic markers in proestrus and diestrus.

The GH/IGF1 axis in the kidney of young goats fed a protein-reduced diet.

Feeding approaches for ruminants are changing to reduce N excretion as a major source of pollution. Based on the ruminohepatic cycle of N, it was assumed that the metabolism of ruminants could tolerate a reduced-protein diet well. However, metabolic changes such as a reduction in hepatic IGF1 mRNA expression, resulting in lower blood IGF1 levels due to decreased hepatic growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression, were found.

Neurovascular coupling in severe aortic valve stenosis.

Objectives: Aortic stenosis (AS) is characterized by obstruction of blood outflow from the left ventricle, which can impair target organ perfusion such as the brain. We hypothesized that hemodynamic changes in AS may lead to dysfunction of cerebral blood flow regulatory mechanisms. The aim of our study was to evaluate neurovascular coupling in patients with AS by Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography.

Genetic impairment of folate metabolism regulates cortical interneurons and social behavior.

Introduction: The implications of folate deficiency in neuropsychiatric disorders were demonstrated in numerous studies. Genetic deficiency in a key folate metabolism enzyme, MTHFR, is an example of the interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors: the maternal MTHFR deficiency governs nutrient availability, and the embryo's genotype influences its ability to metabolize folates. Here, we explore how the maternal and offspring genotypes affect cortical interneuron densities and distributions, mouse social outcome, and the relation of the different interneuron patterns to cortical excitability.

The In Vitro Contractile Response of Canine Pregnant Myometrium to Oxytocin and Denaverine Hydrochloride.

In pregnant bitches, the response to oxytocin and denaverine hydrochloride in dystocia management is usually poor. To better understand the effect of both drugs on myometrial contractility, the circular and longitudinal muscle layers were examined in an organ bath. For each layer, three myometrial strips were stimulated twice, each with one of three oxytocin concentrations.

Improvement of Pain Symptoms in Musculoskeletal Diseases After Multimodal Spa Therapy in the Austrian Gastein Valley-A Study Based on Longitudinal Registry Data.

The study aim was to investigate the course of pain in rest and motion in seven different rheumatic diseases (RMD), prior and after multimodal spa therapy including low-dose radon treatment and at 3-, 6-; and 9-month follow up. Complete data from the radon indication registry including information on 561 subjects with RMD were analysed to explore the association of timepoint of measurement with pain in rest and motion. For this purpose, linear regression models adjusted for RMD-type, age, sex and body mass index (BMI) were applied.

The anterior olfactory nucleus revisited - An emerging role for neuropathological conditions?

Olfaction is an important sensory modality for many species and greatly influences animal and human behavior. Still, much about olfactory perception remains unknown. The anterior olfactory nucleus is one of the brain's central early olfactory processing areas.

Tonic activation of GABA receptors via GAT-3 mediated GABA release reduces network activity in the developing somatosensory cortex in GAD67-GFP mice.

The efficiency of neocortical information processing critically depends on the balance between the glutamatergic (excitatory, E) and GABAergic (inhibitory, I) synaptic transmission. A transient imbalance of the E/I-ratio during early development might lead to neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. The transgenic glutamic acid decarboxylase 67-green fluorescent protein (GAD67-GFP) mouse line (KI) was developed to selectively visualize GABAergic interneurons in the CNS.

Impact of a Femoral Fracture on Outcome after Traumatic Brain Injury-A Matched-Pair Analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in polytrauma and is often accompanied by concomitant injuries. We conducted a retrospective matched-pair analysis of data from a 10-year period from the multicenter database TraumaRegister DGU to analyze the impact of a concomitant femoral fracture on the outcome of TBI patients. A total of 4508 patients with moderate to critical TBI were included and matched by severity of TBI, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) risk classification, initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), age, and sex.

Primary somatosensory cortex bidirectionally modulates sensory gain and nociceptive behavior in a layer-specific manner.

The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is a hub for body sensation of both innocuous and noxious signals, yet its role in somatosensation versus pain is debated. Despite known contributions of S1 to sensory gain modulation, its causal involvement in subjective sensory experiences remains elusive. Here, in mouse S1, we reveal the involvement of cortical output neurons in layers 5 (L5) and 6 (L6) in the perception of innocuous and noxious somatosensory signals.

In the mouse cortex, oligodendrocytes regain a plastic capacity, transforming into astrocytes after acute injury.

Acute brain injuries evoke various response cascades directing the formation of the glial scar. Here, we report that acute lesions associated with hemorrhagic injuries trigger a re-programming of oligodendrocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing highlighted a subpopulation of oligodendrocytes activating astroglial genes after acute brain injuries.

Monosynaptic trans-collicular pathways link mouse whisker circuits to integrate somatosensory and motor cortical signals.

The superior colliculus (SC), a conserved midbrain node with extensive long-range connectivity throughout the brain, is a key structure for innate behaviors. Descending cortical pathways are increasingly recognized as central control points for SC-mediated behaviors, but how cortico-collicular pathways coordinate SC activity at the cellular level is poorly understood. Moreover, despite the known role of the SC as a multisensory integrator, the involvement of the SC in the somatosensory system is largely unexplored in comparison to its involvement in the visual and auditory systems.

Spectral Fusion of Heartbeat and Accelerometer Data for Estimation of Breathing Rate in Wearable Patches.

Despite developments in wearable devices for detecting various bio-signals, continuous measurement of breathing rate (BR) remains a challenge. This work presents an early proof of concept that employs a wearable patch to estimate BR. We propose combining techniques for calculating BR from electrocardiogram (ECG) and accelerometer (ACC) signals, while applying decision rules based on signal-to-noise (SNR) to fuse the estimates for improved accuracy.

Ca2.2 Channels Sustain Vesicle Recruitment at a Mature Glutamatergic Synapse.

The composition of voltage-gated Ca channel (Ca) subtypes that gate action potential (AP)-evoked release changes during the development of mammalian CNS synapses. Ca2.2 and Ca2.

Endogenous myoglobin expression in mouse models of mammary carcinoma reduces hypoxia and metastasis in PyMT mice.

Myoglobin (MB) is expressed in different cancer types and may act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. The mechanisms by which basal MB expression level impacts murine mammary tumorigenesis are unclear. We investigated how MB expression in breast cancer influences proliferation, metastasis, tumor hypoxia, and chemotherapy treatment in vivo.

Network Reconstruction as a Novel High-Level Marker of Functional Neuronal Viability.

Neuronal viability is essential for the maintenance of neuronal networks. Already slight noxious modifications, for example, the selective interruption of interneurons' function, which enhances the excitatory drive inside a network, may already be harmful for the overall network. To monitor neuronal viability on the network level, we implemented a network reconstruction approach that infers the effective connectivity of cultured neurons from live-cell fluorescence microscopy recordings.